wa ga
TRANSCRIPT
8/9/2019 wa ga
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wa-ga 1/1
Vol.285-minute Japanese Class by Hitomi Hirayama
D e
s i g n : M
a s a k o B a n
Copyright 1999
Next time, I hope you'll take me out to dinner and then
say, "watashi ga." I would be happy to have dinner with
yo u ! Ge e , I wo n de r wh at I ' l l o r de r… h a, h a , h a … I 'm j u s t
kidding, Mr. Pole! To answer your question, your problem is
particles again. Let me explain about the particle "ga " for
this lesson. It is used to emphasize one thing over another.
In this case, "watashi " (I) will be stressed. Thus, if you say,
"watashi ga " at a cashier, it implies, "It is I (who will pay thebill)". Even though you just said "watashi ga," the particle
"ga " emphasizes who will pay, and that would mean, "It is I
wh o wi l l pay th e bi l l ! "
I heard an interesting exchange in a restaurant the other day. I
didn't really understand what they were doing, but two Japanes e
men were trying to take the bill out of each other's hand, saying,
"watas h i ga ," "watas h i ga ! " I was s u r pr is e d to s e e wh at th e y we r e
doing, but no one else in the restaurant seemed to take notice. A
fe w days late r , I we n t to h ave a din n e r with m y fr ie n d at a
restaurant. When we came to the cashier, I remembered the funny
scene from the other day and said, "watashi ga." I was expecting that he would act in the same way as the people I had seen did.
But he just said, "Why, thanks a lot!" and left the restaurant! Why
did I have to buy his meal?
With cooper
Emphasis by making selection.が particle (ga ) . . . . . . .
マグロ ( tuna)m a g uro
It is tuna that I l ike.
森さん が います。M ori -s a n g a i m a s u
休み が 欲しい です。ya s um i g a h os h i
-desu
イーメール が できます。e -m a i l g a d e ki m a s u
事故 が ありました。 j iko ga arimashita
There’s Mrs. Mori .
・ ・
・・ ・
Sunday is good for me.
日曜日 が いい です。nichiyo--bi ga i
-desu
Selecting from things that youthink are good → is/are good
・ "ga " emphasizes by selection: (selection) ga (explanation)
■ Selection/Choice (to emphasize by s electingone thing from the same category)
ハマチ(yel lowtai l )
h a m a c h i
マグロ が 好き です。maguro ga suki desu
Selecting someone
→ There is/are
Selecting something/
c a us e → There is/are
Highlighting the abil ityof s om e on e → ca n
There was an accident.
I can do e-mail .
Selecting the taste of someone → l ike
Selecting from one's desires→ wa n t
I want a day off.
e.g.,
e.g.,
this wil l be emphasized.
The basic rule is to have one "ga " in one sentence. There are many ways of using theparticle , but let me explain the most common usage of i t in this lesson: "emphasis ." Theparticle "ga" emphasizes something by selecting it from a certain group. You can alsoemphasize situations such as occurrences and appearances. The fol lowing examples showyou how to use the particle . Please try to discern how it is used. A: I 'd l ike to go next month.Q : When woul d you l i ke to go on the t r i p?
A Bが
e.g.,
■ Questions & Answers
今 雨 が 降っています が、すぐ やむでしょう。ima ame ga hutte-imasu ga s ugu y amu-desho-
{ Wh e n , Wh e re ,Wh a t , Wh o }
When ?
旅行 は いつ が いい です か。ryoko- wa itsu ga i
-desu ka
来月 が いい です ね。raigetsu ga i
-desu ne
Who ?
Where ?
What ?
A: It 's the one in front of the train station.Q : Which restaurant is it that makes delicious food?どこ の 店 が おいしい です か。
d oko n o m i s e g a oi s h i-
desu ka駅 前の店 が おいしい です よ。eki-mae no mise ga oishi
-d e su y o
A:Q :What i s i mpor tant i n your l i fe?
人生で 何が 大切 です か。 j inse- de nani ga taisetsu desu ka 健康 が 大切です。
kenko- ga taisetsu desu
A: M r . Kog a i s c om i n g .Q :Who is coming to this meeting?
会議 に 誰 が 行きます か。kaigi ni dare ga ikimasu ka
古賀さん が 行きます。Kog a -s a n g a i k i m a s u
■ The particle "ga" is used with intransitive verbs to talk aboutoccurrences.
e.g.,
セキ が 出ました。seki ga demashita
給料が増えました。ky u
-ry o
-ga fuem a shita
■ "ga" is not only used as a particle , but also as a transitionalexpression in dai ly conversations.
e.g., It is raining right now, but it 's going to stop soon.
Stayi ng heal thy i simportant.
・e.g., to come out, to break down, to increase, to blow, to spi l l , to cry
I coughed. M y s a l a ry i n c re a s e d.
( I got a raise.)
, but A B
noun, verbi-adjectivena-adjective
now rain falling but soon it's going to stop
Koga-san ga wa kaike- shi de atama ga w
Koga-san ga wa donna hito des
dar e ga wa Hayashi -san no kawar i ni Lond
selection / emphasis
古賀さん が は 行きます。
誰 が は 林さん の 代わりに ロンド
Kog a -s a n g a wa i k i m a s u
Who instead of
accountant head
honto- wa Hayashi-san ga wa iku-hazu
本当は 林さん が は 行くは
what kind of
は g a ?
Pole-san : M r. Kog a i s g oi n g.
〔 〕
古賀さん が は どんな人ですか。
古賀さん が は 会計士 で 頭
〔
colleague : Who is going to London instead of Mr
colleague : Wh a t k i n d of pe rs on i s M r . Kog a ?
col league : B ut r e a l ly , Mr . H a y a s h i w a s s up p os e d t
Pole-san : Mr. Koga is an accountant and he is v
〔 〕
〔 〕〔 〕
〔 〕
〔 〕
〔 〕
〔〔 〕
truth to be
ええ、でも 林さん が は 今
が は 遅れています ので 行けません
〔 〕〔 〕
〔 〕〔 〕
〔 〕〔 〕
〔 〕〔 〕
Pole-san : Yes. But Mr. Hayashi won't be avai labl
can't f inish his work by then.
Koga-san ga wa ikeba subete umaku
But pre
being late
古賀さん が は 行けば 全てうまくい
s ore o k i-te anshin shimashita
それを聞いて安心しました。
colleague : I 'm glad to hear that.
that listen to feel at ease
が
But i f Mr. Koga goes, he wil l take care of e
Qu es t ions & ans wers (Who?) . . . . . ga
Explanat ion abou t M r. Koga . . . . . wa
Asking for the explanation of him .. . . . wa
Selecting a person . . . . . ga
Selecting Mr. Koga from am ong the staff . . . . .ga
Selecting the cause of Mr. Hayas hi's situation . . .
Explanat ion of M r. Hayas hi . . . . . wa
Selecting Mr. Hayashi from among the staff . . . . .
Selecting the characteristics of Mr. Koga . . . . . ga
if he goes every thing
exp
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Answers
ga ?Q :
風 が 吹いています。kaze ga fuite-imasu
The wind is blowing.
ga
g r o u p
. . . . .
f i s
h
e.g.,
e.g.,
(i tsu ga )
(doko ga )
(nani ga )
(dare ga / donata ga )
(selecting tuna from fish category)
tuna l ike
A: (selection) ga
e e de m o Ha y a s h i -s a n g a w a i m a n
g a w a o k u r e t e -i m a s u n o de i k e m a s e n