waimanalo food systems hui ebt at farmers markets tanieca downing masami kikuchi kristina krug lee...
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Waimanalo Food Systems HuiEBT at Farmers Markets
Tanieca DowningMasami Kikuchi
Kristina KrugLee Rosner
FSHN 451Fall 2012
WaimanaloDemographic Info: Waimanalo, HI (US Census Bureau, 2010)5, 451 residentsAGE: Median 33.8 years. 26% ≤ 15 years old; 11.5 % ≥ 65 years oldRACE: Claiming 1: Hawaiian (17.4%), Filipino (14.8%), White (12.3%)One or more:: Hawaiian/ PI (57.2%), Asian (53.7%), White 39.2%)PUBLIC AID: 34.3% of children in households that received aid/SNAP. INCOME: Median ann. household $67,886, but 18.1% earned less than $25,000Education for 25 years and older: no HS diploma 14.3%; bachelor’s degree 7.2%; graduate or professional degree 3.1%
Median annual earnings for 25-year-old individuals :overall $32,466< high school diploma: < $21,000; BA/BS $37,000; Grad/Prof. $59,000
Waimanalo
Waimanalo/Kailua Health and Nutrition Status (BRFSS, 2010)
DISEASE INCIDENCE:Diabetes 12.3%; CHD 4.6%; HTN 31.8% (2009)*Overweight or obese: 61.6%; Obesity: 28.6%**
DIET:Average daily servings of F and V: 3.9Consuming fewer than 1 fruit per day: 49.2%Consuming fewer than 1 vegetable per day: 35.6%
Bobby's Market• A small family- owned store• Old and unappealing
appearance• Limited amounts and
selections of fresh fruits and vegetables (5% shelf space) available
• Customers are 100% Waimanalo locals
Mel's Market
• A small family- owned store
• Closed in 2011.
7-11
• 2 store locations• Limited amounts of fresh
fruits (just bananas & apples)(Less than 1% shelf space available)
• No fresh vegetables available
• Customers are visitors / locals
Shima's Market
• Only one supermarket in town
• Large amounts & lots of selections of fresh fruits & vegetables available (15% of shelf)
• Most produce from mainland (2/3)
• Most customers are Waimanalo residents
Foods price comparisonWheat Bread
Banana
Eggs(1 doz)
Milk Orange Juice
Carrots Other:
Shima's Supermarket
Loves (20 oz): $3.98
ParadiseFresh: $2.79
regular:$1.19/lb
apple banana:$1.39/lb
Hawaiian maid: $4.59
mainland:$2.88
Viva: $8.59/gal
Dairyland:$5.29/gal
Meadowgold: $4.58/half gal
$1.19/lb(mainland)
Green onion (local):$1.99 each
Bobby's Market
Loves: $4.29
$0.99/lb
mainland:$2.99
Meadowgold: $7.99/gal
Best Yet: $6.99/gal
N/A $1.59/lb(mainland)
Green onion (local):$1.98/half lb
7-11 Loves (20 oz): $3.95
ParadiseFresh: $2.99
$0.99 each
Ka Lei Eggs:$5.39
Viva:$8.99/galBest Yet:$7.99/galMeadowgold:$4.95/half gal
Meadowgold: $5.19/half gal
N/A N/A
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)The First Food Stamp Program (FSP)May 16, 1939 - Spring 1943
Purpose: A relief program to disburse food during a time with excess unmarketable surplus food and widespread unemployment
•four years with approximately 20 million people served•nearly half of all counties in the US•total cost of $262 million
SNAP
• People on relief eligible to purchase orange stamps equal to normal food expenditures
• for every $1 in orange stamps purchased, 50 cents of blue stamps were received
• orange stamps - used to buy any food
• blue stamps - used to buy food determined by the Department of Agriculture to be surplus
SNAP
Pilot Food Stamp ProgramMay 1961 - 1964•retain requirement to purchase food stamps•elimination of concept of special stamps for surplus foods•emphasis on increasing the consumption of perishables•40 counties in 22 states•380,000 participants
SNAP
Food Stamp Act of 1964August 31, 1964Purposes:•to strengthen the agricultural economy•to provide improved levels of nutrition among low-income households•to provide congressional control over the pilot FSP
SNAP
Provisions:•eligibility•requirements•prohibitions•state and federal responsibilities•appropriations
•The USDA estimated 4 million participants annually at a cost of $360 million •rapid program expansion 1960s and 1970s from ~500,000 to 15 million participants
SNAPFood Stamp Act of 1974
Republican Bill•targeting benefits to the neediest•simplifying administration•tightening controls on program
Democratic Bill•increasing access to those most in need•simplifying and streamlining the process of benefit delivery•reducing errors•curbing abuse
SNAP
FSP Reform - EPR•"elimination of purchase requirement" - to eliminate the purchase requirement because of the barrier to participation that the purchase requirement represented
•January 1971 - Laws and Provisions established
•Participation increased 1.5 million over preceding month
SNAPCurrent Food Stamp Program
Farm Bill of 2002•focus on program access and simplification of program rules
Farm Bill of 2008"Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 208"•By August 2008, participation to federal food assistance programs reached an all time (non-disaster) high - 29 million persons per month
SNAP
Farm Bill of 2008•increased the commitment to federal food assistance programs by more than $10 billion over 10 years•strengthened integrity of FSP•simplified administration•maintaining state flexibility•improving health through nutrition education•improving accessOctober 2001 - FSP became SNAP
Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT)Development of EBT (1988 - 2004)What is EBT?•an electronic system that allows a recipient to authorize transfer of their government benefits from a Federal account to a retailer account to pay for products received •An EBT card is used like a bank card with a PIN number for use of food stamp benefits •Elimination of paper coupons that can be lost or stolen•Reduction of fraudulent coupon use
EBT
• Used for SNAP issuance - some states also utilize for WIC, TANF, and DHHS Federal block-grant program
• Used in all 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Guam
People's Open Market (POM)
Department of Parks and RecreationFounded in 1973First Location - Banyan Court Mall, Kalihi
o over 1 million shoppers annually
o each market operates once/week for approximately
People's Open Market (POM)
GoalsTo provide the opportunity to produce fresh agriculture and aquaculture products and other food items at low cost.To support the economic viability of diversified agriculture and aquaculture in Hawaii by providing market sites for local farmers, fisherman, or their representatives to sell their surplus and off-grade produce.To provide focal points for residents to socialize.
People's Open Market (POM)
• "Food Stamp Acceptance" or "Food Stamps Accepted Here" sign required with price list
• Only 3 markets with EBT machines• POM staff conducts weekly price
surveys at various stores to determine recommended price for vendors
• Vendors required to sell products at or below recommendation of POM director
• Prices approximately 35% below retail prices
People's Open Market (POM)Approved Agriculture and Aquaculture•fruits and vegetables•eggs•seafood•plants and flowers•honey•other approved products
Benefits of EBT at Markets• Access to a low-cost source of fresh fruits and
vegetables• low-income neighborhoods have less access to sources
of fresh fruits and vegetables• fruit and vegetable consumption associated with rates of
adiposity and chronic disease in adults• Farmer's markets are an effective way to increase
access in low income areas
The Dilemma?
• The number of farmer's markets has tripled in the last decade
• However the portion of SNAP participants' budgets being spent at farmer's markets has declined 3 fold since EBT introduction
• Shopping patterns of SNAP participants has changedo low awareness of farmers' markets o perception of expensive o time and transportation issues that limit access
• Burden of markets and vendors
Waimanalo Food Systems Hui
WFSH Background
•Grassroots project initiated in 2010 by the Healthy Hawaii Initiative (HHI) in cooperation with the CDC
•Goal of developing a strong, respectful, and positive relationship with the community
•Council created to improve health and nutrition by supporting local ag and food production while conforming to native Hawaiian land-use ethic
•Bucket gardening, aquaponics workshops, website, community meetings (Ramirez et al., 2010)
Costs of adopting EBT technology: Time and Resources
Initial Set-up costs: Infrastructure Development
o Equipmento Staff Timeo Accounting
Procedures
On-going Costs: Operating and LaboroAdministration
monthly wireless network
transaction fees physical labor
oMarketing and Promotion
Funding Opportunities • GRANTS
o USDA's FMPP (Farmers Market Promotion Program) $2500-100,00
o NIFA (National Institute of Food and Agriculture) $10,000-300,000
• State farmers market association• Fold start-up & operating costs into vendor fees• State/Federal run funding opportunities:
o free or subsidized wireless POS terminalso share administrative costs (wireless terminals)o SNAP transaction processing costs
Key Contacts for EBT Installation
1. FNSo administer and approves all
retailers who participate in SNAP programs.
2. FNS Field Officeso handle completing and submitting
SNAP retailer applications3. State SNAP Offices
o Inform participating vendors about changes and directives from FNS
o Inform FNS about changes reported by the farmers market.
Establishing EBT technology1st Farmer's Market meet eligibility standards to participate in SNAP.
2nd Farmer's Market Apply to become a FNS SNAP retailer.
o Complete FNS SNAP applicationo Determine which scrip system
will be used (paper, tokens or receipts)
o Agree to comply with FNS guidelines by signing and submitting application
Script System Comparison
Script or Tokens:A SNAP customer swipes the EBT card at the central POS terminal and enters the PIN. The staff person enters amount of script or tokens requested into terminalTransaction is approved, SNAP customer is give a transaction receipt and scrip/tokens. SNAP customer can use scrip/tokens at any participating vendor’s stand to purchase eligible items.
Receipts:1.SNAP customer shops at vendor's stand and receives a receipt from vendor, and leaves purchased goods with vendors.2.SNAP customer goes to central POS terminal to swipe EBT card for amount on vendor's receipt and enters the PIN.3.Approval granted, the manager gives customer another transaction receipt to confirm payment with customer to present to ventor to retrieve their purchased goods.
Establishing EBT technology3rd Training manual and video sent to Farmers Market from FNS.
4th State EBT contractor who is responsible for SNAP EBT services is notified.
5th Farmer's market POS equipment needs established.
o EBT-only Machineso Commercial POS Equipment
Equipment Needs ComparisionEBT-Only Machines•Retailer agreement established.•EBT-only terminal delivered to market within 2 weeks.•EBT contractor process transactions free of charge and distribute funds directly to farmers bank account.
Commercial POS Equipment•Market representative enters contract with TPP to purchase or lease POS terminal•Purchase and delivery of wireless POS machine <30days. •Farmer's market is responsible for all associated costs.
Marketing & Promotion: Building Awareness
1. "Word of Mouth"2. Banners and signage with EBT and SNAP logos.3. Vendors and other certified SNAP retailers display own signage. 4. Printed materials & Brochures developed by farmers and agencies.
o clearly states that SNAP EBT cards are accepted.
o location of EBT machineso Market's location and time of operationo Products available for SNAP purchaseso SNAP logo
Marketing & Promotion
5. Community Partnershipso City o Stateo Federal o groups focussed on
"buy local" initiativeso food pantrieso hospitalso clinicso faith based
organizations
6. Community Partnership Projects:ohandout fliersohost cooking demosonutrition education eventsopromote SNAP benefits at:
health fairs school events community
festivals
Marketing & Promotion
7. Posting signage and flyers at:
o WIC officeso Senior Centerso Hospitals o Clinicso Food pantrieso Schoolso Churcheso Community Centers
8. Press Releases & Special eventsodraws media and other community attention
Other Resources to Build AwarenessAMS:
o USDA agency that supports public markets through funding opportunities
2. FNS:o USDA agency that administers SNAP
3. Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food Initiatives:o USDA-wide effort to better connect
consumers with local producers.4. Farmers Market Coalition
o Non-profit that provides resources for farmers markets.
Other Resources to Build Awareness
5. Project for Public Spaces:o non-profit that operates public
markets program dedicated to reconnect community and local economics through markets
6. Wholesome Wave Foundation: "Nourishing Neighborhoods"
o non-profit that operates a program to double the value of SNAP, FMNP, SFMNP benefits when used at farmers markets.
o provides technical support as well.
Local example of community partnerships and EBT implementationCommunity Partnerships between:
o Kokua Kalihi Valley (KKV): Community Clinic
o Wholesome Wave: Conduit Double SNAP money when
using EBTo People's Open Market
Working together to promote:o Buying Localo Eating Healthy (fresh fruits and
vegetables)o Building Community
EBT at Farmers’ Markets: A National PerspectiveSNAP usage at farmers’ markets rose from $1.6 to $7.5 million from 2007 to 2010 (Butterheim et al., 2012).
In 2010 the % of food expenditures that occurred at farmers’ markets was 25X greater for non-SNAP than SNAP (Briggs et al., 2010).
In 2009, only 17% farmers’ markets in the US accepted SNAP.
The switch from the food stamps to EBT (begun in 1994) led to a 71% drop in SNAP benefit utilization 1994 and 2008 (Briggs et al., 2010).
One study showed total SNAP EBT sales increased by 38% when a single market-operated POS terminal was replaced by multiple vendor-operated terminals (Butterheim et al., 2012).
EBT: National Strategies to Increase Usage
Some of the costs must be subsidized by federal, state or local gov or private sources
Publicly funded education and outreach to raise awareness among SNAP recipients.
Incentive programs work.SNAP usage has increased by 300-900% at some markets during the programs and by up to 50% even after the program has ended (Briggs et al., 2010).
Works CitedBriggs S, Fisher A, Lott M, Miller S, Tessman N. 2010. Real food, real choice: Connecting SNAP recipients with farmers markets. Accessed December 2, 2012.Community Food Security Coalition Web site. Available at: http://www.foodsecurity.org/pub/RealFoodRealChoice_SNAP_FarmersMarkets.pdf. Buttenheim AM, Havassy J, Fang M, Glyn J, Karpyn AE. Increasing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program/electronic benefits transfer sales at farmers’ markets with vendor-operated wireless point-of-sale terminals. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012;112:636-641. Ramirez V, McMillen H, Sinclair B, Matsuura G, Kumar P, Aki N. Waimanalo Food Systems report submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2011. Accessed December 1, 2012. Available at: http://eaiponokakou.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/cdc-waimanalo-report-8-23-11v2-final.pdf. Salvail FR, Nguyen D-H, Liang S. 2010 State of Hawaii by communities or subareas; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Accessed December 1, 2012. Available at: http://hawaii.gov/health/statistics/brfss/brfss2010/subareas10.html.US Census Bureau. 2010. Waimanalo CDP, Hawaii QuickLinks. Accessed December 2, 2012. Available at: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/15/1578050lk.html