walton stone's visual dictionary
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Visual Dictionary
Walton Stone
BSCI 2300-001
Username: Convector
![Page 2: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Air Barrier Paper
• Definition: Sheet material used on the exterior of a house to prevent air infiltration
• Function: It is preventing air from infiltrating the building and preventing the increase of air volume inside the building
![Page 3: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Attic Ventilation: Soffit Vent
• Soffit Vents are needed to allow cool air to flow into the attic space while still keeping out insects
![Page 4: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Attic Ventilation: Ridge Vent
• Ridge Vents at the peak of the roof discharge the air entering through soffit vents or frieze block vents, and allow airflow through the attic
![Page 5: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Attic Ventilation: Gable Vent
• Gable vents discharge the air from soffit vents or frieze block vents to create airflow through the attic
![Page 6: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Attic Ventilation: Roof Turbine
• Roof Turbines have a fan that spins to suck hot air out of the attic space and discharge it, replacing gable or ridge vents
![Page 7: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Backhoe
• Definition: Excavating equipment that consists of a digging bucket at the end of a two-part articulated arm, and is used for digging and dumping large amounts of dirt for various foundation and cut or fill projects
• Bucket Width: 24”
![Page 8: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Batter Boards
• Definition/Function: A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation, they establish the position, shape, and size of the building on site
![Page 9: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Brick Arches: Parabolic Arch
![Page 10: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Brick Arches: Roman Arch
![Page 11: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Brick Arches: Arch with a Keystone
![Page 12: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Brick Arches: Centering
• Definition: Temporary formwork for an arch, dome, or vault (this one was not removed)
![Page 13: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Flemish Bond
• Flemish bonds feature rows of alternating stretcher and header bricks
![Page 14: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Stretcher Bond
• Stretcher bonds feature rows of all stretcher bricks next to each other
![Page 15: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Rowlocks
![Page 16: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Headers
![Page 17: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Soldiers
![Page 18: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Sailors
![Page 19: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Brick Bonds: Stretcher Rowlocks (Shiners)
![Page 20: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Brick Sizes: Modular Brick3 1/2” x 7 1/2” x 2 1/4”
![Page 21: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Brick Sizes: Roman Brick3 1/2” x 11 1/2” x 1 5/8”
![Page 22: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bulldozer
• Definition: A crawler equipped with a metal blade used to push large quantities of soil, sand, or rubble during construction work
![Page 23: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cladding: Brick Clad Structure
![Page 24: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cladding: EFIS Clad Structure
![Page 25: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cladding: Stone Clad StructureCoursed Rubble
![Page 26: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cladding: Wood Board Clad Structure
![Page 27: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Cladding: Wood Shingle Clad Structure
• Wood Shingle-Wood shingle that is sawed smooth on each side
• Wood Shake-Wood shingle that is split rough on at least one side
![Page 28: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Code Requirements: Egress Window
• The window egress is 36” high by 32” wide and has a 24” sill. The requirements are for it to be at least 34 1/4” wide, 24” high and no more than a 44” sill. This window does not meet code because it is not wide enough.
![Page 29: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Code Requirements: Stair Studied
• The stair has a riser of 8” and a tread of 10 1/2” without nosing. Code requires for a stair to have at least 10” tread and no more than 7 3/4” riser. The stair does not meet code because the riser is too high.
![Page 30: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Concrete Joints: Control Joint
• Definition: An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure
![Page 31: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Concrete Joints: Isolation Joint
• Definition: A surface divider joint that provides space for the surface to expand
![Page 32: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Concrete Masonry Unit: 1 CMU=3 Brick Courses
![Page 33: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Concrete Masonry Unit:
• Definition: A block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block. Typical dimensions: 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8”.
![Page 34: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Decorative Concrete Masonry Units: Split-Block
![Page 35: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit: Ribbed
![Page 36: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Doors: Exterior Flush Door
![Page 37: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Doors: Exterior Panel DoorStile
Top Rail
Panel
Lock Rail
Bottom Rail
![Page 38: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Doors: Transom
• Definition: A small window directly above a door
![Page 39: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Doors: Sidelight
• Definition: A tall, narrow window alongside a door
![Page 40: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Electrical Components: Power Pole
• Function: The power pole holds up power lines and contains the transformer, which is a device that changes the voltage of the alternating current.
Transformer
![Page 41: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Electrical Components: Service Head
• Function: Conducts electricity from outdoor lines to the meter base
![Page 42: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Electrical Components: Meter
• Function: Measures the amount of electricity used by a certain unit for billing purposes
![Page 43: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Electrical Components: Service Panel
• Function: A central box of switches where the various branches of electical wiring can be switched on or off for specific areas of a building
![Page 44: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Electrical Components: Duplex Receptacle
• Function: Serves as a receptacle where any two electric appliances or devices can be connected to the electrical wiring
![Page 45: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Framing Elements: #1 Anchor Bolt
![Page 46: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Framing Elements: #2 Sill Plate
![Page 47: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Framing Elements: #3 Floor Joists
![Page 48: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Framing Elements: #4 Subflooring
![Page 49: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Framing Elements: #5 Sole Plate
![Page 50: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Framing Elements: #6 Stud
![Page 51: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Framing Elements: #7 Top Plate
![Page 52: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Framing Elements: #8 Ceiling Joist
![Page 53: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Framing Elements: #9 Rafter
![Page 54: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Framing Elements: #10 Roof Decking
![Page 55: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Framing Elements: #11 Sheathing
![Page 56: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Framing Elements: #12 Stringer
![Page 57: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Front-end Loader
• Definition: It is a construction vehicle that is primarily used to load and transport materials onto or into another vehicle or place. It differs from a bulldozer in that it is used to pick up material rather than merely push it.
Loader
Bucket Attachment
![Page 58: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Gypsum Board
• Definition: An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces
![Page 59: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Heat Pump
• Advantage: Heat Pumps increase heating efficiency by a factor of 3
• Disadvantage: Cooling ducts for heat pumps must be larger because of a larger volume of air
![Page 60: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Heat Pump: Compressor/ Condenser
• The compressor/ condenser extracts heat from the cool air outside by moving the air across coils that change the temperature of the refrigerant
![Page 61: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Heat Pump: Air Handling Unit
The Air Handling Unit contains filters, heating/cooling coils, and blowers to clean, regulate, and circulate the desired temperature throughout a house
![Page 62: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Insulation: Blanket Insulation
• The purpose of insulation is to to prevent the passage of heat from penetrating the wall of a house and keep the inside heat from escaping to the outside, while keeping the inhabitants comfortable and saving them money on energy costs
![Page 63: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Insulation: Loose Fill Insulation
![Page 64: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Insulation: Rigid Board Insulation
![Page 65: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Insulation: Foamed Insulation
![Page 66: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Lintel
• Definition: A beam that carries the load of wall across a window or door opening
![Page 67: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Mortar: Concave Joint
• Tooled Joint• 3/8”• Large
Office/Classroom Building
• Type S
![Page 68: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Mortar: Raked Joint
• Tooled Joint• 3/8”• Small Mechanical
Building• Type S
![Page 69: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Oriented Strand Board
• Definition: Nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure
![Page 70: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Plumbing: Lavatory
• 1 1/2” Piping used to drain
![Page 71: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Plumbing: Water Closet
• 3” Piping used to drain
![Page 72: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Plumbing: Manufactured Tub
![Page 73: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Plumbing: Roof Vent
• The roof vent allows air to enter into the drainage and waste system to allow them to drain using the atmospheric pressure
![Page 74: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Plumbing: Countertop Sink
• Drop-in Sink
![Page 75: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Plywood
• Definition: Wood panel composed of and odd number of layers of wood veneer (thin sheets of wood) bonded together under pressure
![Page 76: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Radiant Barrier
• Definition: Reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy
![Page 77: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Rebar
• 1/2” rebar #4• The deformations
rolled into the surface of a rebar help it to bond tightly to concrete
![Page 78: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Steep Roof Drainage: Gutter
• Definition: A channel that collects snowmelt and rainwater at the eave of a roof and channels it to a downspout
![Page 79: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Steep Roof Drainage: Downspout
• Definition: A vertical pipe for conducting rainwater and snowmelt from the roof via the gutter and channeling it to the ground
![Page 80: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Steep Roof Drainage: Splash Block
• Definition: Small pre-cast block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout
![Page 81: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Steep Roof Materials: Underlayment
• Definition: A layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing to keep rainwater from leaking through the roof
![Page 82: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Steep Roof Materials: Clay Tile
![Page 83: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Steep Roof Materials: Shingles
• Definition: A small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion wit may other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight
• Metal Shingles
![Page 84: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Steep Roof Materials: Metal Panel Roof
• Typical materials used: Aluminized Steel
![Page 85: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Steep Roof Shapes: Gable Roof
![Page 86: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Steep Roof Shapes: Gambrel Roof
![Page 87: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Steep Roof Shapes: Hip Roof
![Page 88: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Steep Roof Shapes: Mansard Roof
![Page 89: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Ridge
• Definition: The level intersection of two roof planes in a gable roof
![Page 90: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Valley
• Definition: A trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes
![Page 91: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Eave
• Definition: The horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof
![Page 92: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Rake
• Definition: The sloping edge of a steep roof
![Page 93: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Soffit
• Definition: The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang
![Page 94: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Fascia
• Definition: The exposed vertical face of an eave
![Page 95: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Steep Roof Terms: Building Without a Fascia
• Definition: A Building that has no vertical face on its eaves
![Page 96: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Stone: Random Rubble Pattern
![Page 97: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Stone: Coursed Rubble Pattern
![Page 98: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Stone: Random Ashlar Pattern
![Page 99: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Stone:Coursed Ashlar Pattern
![Page 100: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Vapor Retarder
• Vapor retarder is intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly and is placed on the warm in winter side of a wall’s insulation (insulation to be installed as sheathing here)
![Page 101: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Waterproofing
• Waterproofing is applied to the outside of the foundation and is impervious to water and water accumulation
• Loosely Laid
![Page 102: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Weep Hole
• Definition: A small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component assembly
![Page 103: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Windows: Single-Hung
• The window has two components, with only the bottom one operable, and it opens from the bottom up and latches in the middle when closed
![Page 104: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Windows: Sliding
• The window has two components, one of which is stationary and the other of which can slide horizontally and latch on the side
![Page 105: Walton Stone's Visual Dictionary](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051516/55c558f3bb61ebff168b4575/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Windows: Casement
• The window has one component that cranks to open out to the left or right like a door