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Randy Fromm's

Slot Tech Magazine

EditorRandy Fromm

Technical WritersJames Borg, Todd Brooks,Nathan Galloway, ChuckLentine, Jerome Mayard,Pat Porath

Slot Tech Magazine is publishedmonthly bySlot Tech Magazine401 W. Lexington #777El Cajon, CA 92022tel.619.838.7111 fax.619.315.0410e-mail [email protected] the website at slot-techs.com

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Copyright 2017 under the UniversalCopyright Convention. All rights re-served.

Slot Tech Magazine Editorial

-EditorialPage 4-Why An LED Driver?Why not just a normal DC power supply?Page 8 -Quick & Simple Slot Machine Repairs #124Page 13- Ellary Gaming Announces DistributionAgreement With Pacific IlluminationPage 14-Regional Slot Tech Training at Blue LakeCasinoPage 15-Slot Tech Training Schedule for 2017

Randy Fromm

Publisher-Slot Tech Magazine

Dear Friends of Slot Tech Magazine,

Last month, I held one of my “Regional Slot Tech” classesat Blue Lake Casino. Blue Lake Casino is way up in North-ern California, on the coast near the Oregon border. Ipicked this location for personal reasons. The woman whointroduced me to my wife over 40 years ago had recentlymoved to this rural, California town and had mentionedthat there was a casino just a few blocks from her house.It’s a lovely property and I’m pleased that we held a classthere (I’m planning to return there for a class next year).

As expected, I had students from California and Oregonbut I was a bit surprised by students from Oklahoma andas far away as Illinois! This was a pretty remote location tocome from so far away! It got me to thinking about “drivingdistances” and where I might be able to hold these “Re-gional” slot tech classes where folks could attend a classthat was within driving distance. It would really save a tonof money on transportation, especially since most proper-ties send two or three (or more) students to each classand everyone could ride in a single vehicle.

I used Google Maps to map out a 400-mile radius aroundour major concentrations of casinos across the USA. Ifigure that 400 miles is about the maximum you want todrive in a single day. It’s like a day’s work but you’re sit-ting on your ass in a car instead of sitting on a bench orwalking the floor. It looks like pretty much everyone in theUSA is within a day’s drive of one of these classes, withthe exception of Florida. If you work at a Florida casinoand you’re interested in slot tech training, let me knowand we’ll work something out. The training schedule for2017 is on page 15.

See you at the casino.

January 2017Slot Tech Magazine

Slot Tech Feature Article

LED televisions andmonitors are thesame as LCD televi-

sions and monitors. Theonly difference is that “tra-ditional” LCDs uses CCFLsas backlights and an in-verter as a driver boardwhere LED television usesLEDs as backlights andsomething calLED a “boostdriver board” as driver. Bothtypes employ the samedisplay technology to createthe actual images (theactual “liquid crystals” andso, in a very real sense,both types of displays areactually “LCDs”). It is onlythe backlighting that isdifferent.

LEDs use DC voltage towork. Unlike normal LEDs,the high power LEDs thatare used in television back-lighting work at a some-what higher voltage, around3 VDC per LED. The pur-pose of LED driver board isto keep the current con-stant in the LED. If thecurrent increases in anLED beyond the predeter-mined level as recom-

Why An LED Driver?Why not just a normal DC power supply?

By Wael Fathe

mended by the manufac-turer, the LED will just fail.

Current can increase in anLED if we operate the LEDsby forcing a voltage higherthan the needed forwardvoltage or by other factors.

Many people will ask why aLED won’t work on justnormal dc power supply.

For example, if one LEDneeds 3 VDC why won’t itwork on a 3 VDC powersupply?

Why are the LEDs drivenWhy are the LEDs drivenWhy are the LEDs drivenWhy are the LEDs drivenWhy are the LEDs drivenby a sophisticated driverby a sophisticated driverby a sophisticated driverby a sophisticated driverby a sophisticated driverboard?board?board?board?board?

Let’s examine these threecircuits and see why onlythe last one will work andwhy the first two circuitswon’t work very well indriving LEDs.

In the first circuit (figure 1)10 LEDs are driven in se-ries by a 30 VDC power

source so that each diodehas 3 VDC across it. Itseems that everything is inorder, right? However,driving an LED is not thatsimple. The problem is thatLEDs are temperaturesensitive. If the tempera-ture increases, each LEDwill now have lower forwardvoltage and 3 VDC now isjust too high (and remem-

ber, as I mentionedbefore, if we force ahigher forward volt-

age across an LED,high current willpass through it andit will eventuallyfail.

In this secondcircuit, a resistorhas been con-nected in the se-ries diode string. Aresistor will ensurethat no matter howthe voltage is highacross the diodestring, each diodewill only work at itsdesired forwardvoltage because the

Slot Tech MagazineJanuary 2017


excess voltage will bedropped across the resistor.

Still, current can’t stayconstant with this method.When the temperaturerises, each diode will dropmuch much lower forwarddrop voltage and there willbe high excess voltageacross the resistor. Now thecurrent in the string isclearly the same as thecurrent in the resistorwhich now will be high dueto the fact that the voltageacross it is too high.

Now in this circuit, eachLED consumes 3 volts. Ifthe temperature increases,each LED will consume say2.8 VDC. 2.8*5=14 VDC.The entire string will con-sume 14 VDC and one voltwill drop over the resistor.The controller senses thisone volt drop and readjustsits output voltage so thatthe current passingthrough this resistor andall the diode string remainsfixed as set by the designer.In the first circuit, voltageregulation across the diodewas not OK and thus cur-rent regulation is also notOK. In the second circuit,voltage regulation acrossthe diode was good butcurrent regulation was notgood. Only in the thirdcircuit is where voltage andcurrent across the diodeswere both very good. Re-member that the ultimategoal of the LED driver boardis to keep the current con-stant in the LED.One more thing I forget tomention is why this board

called a boost!It is called so because itoutputs voltage muchhigher than its input volt-age and can easily take in30 to 50 VDC and put outsomething in the range of100 to 170 VDC to drive avery large string of LEDs.

This report is part of myelectronics repair course.Contact me if you want tobuy the [email protected]. Thecost of the e-book is just$15. It is a very good bar-gain when you can see thatthe e-book contains SMPSinformation, LCD & LED TVinverters, power-factorcorrection and many moreother topics!

Troubleshooting SMPSTroubleshooting SMPSTroubleshooting SMPSTroubleshooting SMPSTroubleshooting SMPSWith a Chip That HasWith a Chip That HasWith a Chip That HasWith a Chip That HasWith a Chip That HasAuto-Restart FeatureAuto-Restart FeatureAuto-Restart FeatureAuto-Restart FeatureAuto-Restart Feature

Shut down due to OVP(over-voltage protection)OCP (over-currentprotection)in uc3842 ICwon’t affect the Vcc read-ing. If you put your probeon the Vcc, you won’t findany change as the shut-down takes place.

In a chip with an auto-restart feature, it is differ-ent. The chip is shut downby dragging Vcc to ground.This is true for overvoltageshutdown in all ICs that

have the auto-restart fea-ture which is done by dis-charging a capacitor on theVcc pin.

Once the capacitor hasdischarged, the IC willcharge it again. If the over-voltage condition persists,the IC will discharge thecap and disable the outputagain.

This is important for thetechnician to know. If youput your meter on Vcc of anIC that has an auto-restartfeature and find it jumpinglike crazy, you know youhave some fault but mostlikely outside the “kingdomof the power IC.”

The repair case inwhich I learned this

was when I fixedan SMPS whichhad a heavyshort circuit inthe primarycircuit. I hadreplaced everysingle shorted/bad components.It is a classicfailure. I wontmention it againas I am prettysure you know it(shortedMOSFET+openedfuse+openedsenseresistor+bad


PWM power IC).Anyway, I replaced allthose componentsand yet the powersupply refused towork.

When I tested the Vccpin, I found it wasjumping like crazy from0 to 5 to 11 and back tozero. It was such very quickaction that I was using my(min-max) feature in myfluke to detect it.

After reading the data sheetI was sure it was feedbackrelated since Vcc is pulsingand since its action is anindication of OVP shut-down. Over-voltage shut-down is almost always dueto feedback problems oroutput capacitor problems.

When feedback is low ormissing, the pwm chipincreases the pulse-widthwhich increases the outputvoltage to dangerous levels.Thanks to clever chip de-signers, the IC has anothereye over the secondarywhich is the Vcc pin (youknow the auxiliary windingstory don’t you?). Once theVcc pin senses this voltageincrease, it triggers OVPshutdown.

Out of despair, I tried totest the last componentsthat I had not tested(or Itested in circuit which isnot enough). I tested theoptical coupler (opto-isola-tor) and I got a surprise.The transistor side of theoptical coupler was simi-shorted. I know it is strange

but that’s whatreally happened.Between thecollector andemitter terminalsI was readingsomething in therange of 20kilohms. Replac-ing that couplersolved the no power prob-lem and brought the powersupply back to life.

- Wael Fathe- Wael Fathe- Wael Fathe- Wael Fathe- Wael FatheLibyaLibyaLibyaLibyaLibya


Quick & Simple Repairs #124By Pat Porath

Slot Tech Feature Article

Kortek KTL190S-06Kortek KTL190S-06Kortek KTL190S-06Kortek KTL190S-06Kortek KTL190S-06Monitor For IGT, WasMonitor For IGT, WasMonitor For IGT, WasMonitor For IGT, WasMonitor For IGT, WasBlackBlackBlackBlackBlack

We had an IGT AVPwith a Kortek LCDmonitor that went

bad. Unfortunately, thereweren’t any spares that Icould find so why not takethe back cover off of theunit to take a peek at it?Maybe it will be a simplerepair. To me, it looked likethe unit had a power prob-lem. When turning thegame ON, only the powerLED on the LCD wouldblink, no image on thescreen at all. Since wedidn’t have a spare LCD toreplace it with (which isunusual) I removed the unitfrom the frame, along withremoving the back cover.

Interesting... The monitorpower supply is a smallenclosed type similar to anexternal power supply for alaptop computer. They arealso known as a “brick” typeof power supply. Bingo! Wedid have a few spares ofthese units on the shelf. Icould easily replace the

power supply and the LCDshould light up. Power wasapplied to the spare powersupply, which also had apower indication light on it.It looked alright so it wasinstalled into the LCDassembly but it did notwork in the game. Thepower LED on the LCDflashed about the same asthe original. Even thoughthe power supply wastagged “repaired-needs tobe tested” I thought itlooked OK and would work.A second one was installed,only to have the same re-sults.

Now I was thinking perhapssomething was “takingdown” the power supply. Itdidn’t matter what I did onthe bench, the power sup-ply absolutely would notwork when it wasplugged into thevideo board. One byone, the CCFL plugswere disconnectedfrom the inverterboard, the wholeinverter board wasunplugged, even aspare video board wasput in. Nothingworked. I even triedto repair one of thepower supplies whichonly has four maincapacitors, two ofwhich were domedand replaced.

What in the world wasgoing on with this thing?Another power supply wasput in, which totaled three;the original along with tworeplacements. Could allthree units be bad? In mypersonal opinion, every-thing indicates a bad powersupply but three bad ones?Maybe number four will doit. A different manufacturerof power supply was used,which tested good with themeter, and I had to put theoriginal monitor connectoron the end so it would plugin correctly (of course it hadthe same specs as the origi-nal-12 VDC at 3 amps.)

Now for the real test-to tryit in the game. Sureenough, the LCD lit upbeautifully. The other


power supplies looked to be OK butthey were not tested under load. Inother words when they were “working”they failed. I believe I can repair the badones by replacing additional caps. I didit on one unit and it looked OK but theonly load I could think of at the time toput on it was a small LED light whichdoesn’t draw very much current. It tooksome time to repair and I’m glad I got itfixed.

Editor’s Note: Editor’s Note: Editor’s Note: Editor’s Note: Editor’s Note: Power supplies must betested under load before declaring themto be “good.” An LED can be used as an“indicator” but it’s not a “load” as Mr.Porath notes. Rather than use actualresistors to create this “dummy load,”(typically made from low-resistance,high-wattage, ceramic, wire-woundresistors)I prefer to use incandescentlight bulbs. I use automobile tail lights.Two, 12-volt lamps in series are used fortesting 24 volt power supplies. A singlelamp is sufficient for testing +12 volt


supplies. You don’t need toload the supply to its limitbut you need to load itsufficiently to give it a“workout,” so to speak. Iuse a combination of 25watt-60 watt lamps forhigher voltage supplies(mostly used in the past forCRT monitors for the “B+”power supply which wastypically 65-130 VDC).

HOWEVER, some slot ma-chine power supplies areintegrated into the systemby more than just their DCoutputs. Some power sup-plies also provide a “validpower” or “zero-crossing”signal to the machine’scomputer and/or otherparts of the system. Youmay be unaware of theseadditional signals and/oryou may be unable to verifytheir proper operationwithout additional testequipment such as anoscilloscope. As such, Istrongly recommend thatpower supplies (especiallythose used to power theentire slot machine “sys-tem” as opposed to thesimple power suppliesused, for example, in LCDmonitors) be tested in themachine before beingplaced on the “good” shelf.Yes, it’s sort of a pain butyou can do it at your lei-sure. It is problematic totroubleshoot without“known-to-be-good” sub-assemblies. It REALLYconfuses the issue oftroubleshooting as illus-trated by Mr. Porath’s diag-noses and repair.

Oasis N-Compass Senti-Oasis N-Compass Senti-Oasis N-Compass Senti-Oasis N-Compass Senti-Oasis N-Compass Senti-nel Not Communicatingnel Not Communicatingnel Not Communicatingnel Not Communicatingnel Not CommunicatingWith SystemWith SystemWith SystemWith SystemWith System

For one reason or another,a Sentinel was replaced ina game. Afterward, it wouldnot communicate with thesystem (as a reminder, ared border or red bar onthe Oasis display indicatesSentinel TO system failurewhile a yellow border oryellow bar-depending onyour current version ofOasis-indicates game TOSentinel failure).

Since the unit was replacedand showed a red bar onthe display along with a“host communication error”displaying on the gamescreen, I thought maybe aSentinel RAM clear may fixit. On the other hand,maybe not. Whenusing the global cardto enter the slot mastidentification num-ber, it would have anerror and would notfunction properly.

Rebooting the Senti-nel, RAM clearing itand checking the CAT5 connection didn’tfix it so I had to gowith another theory.Maybe the originalunit failed and couldnot be taken “offline”before it was replacedwith a spare or maybethe tech forgot to takeit offline?

Our accounting de-partment was calledto reset the mac ad-

dress for the Sentinel.

From Wikipedia:A mediaaccess control address(MAC address) of a com-puter is a unique identifierassigned to network inter-faces for communications atthe data link layer of anetwork segment. MACaddresses are used as anetwork address for mostIEEE 802 network technolo-gies, including Ethernetand Wi-Fi.

Within a couple of minutesafter they reset it on theirend, I tried entering theslot mast ID number onceagain. This time it workedperfectly! Another gameback online.


In theory, the original Sen-tinel has one specific macaddress and so does thereplacement. When itwasn’t taken offline prop-erly, the system didn’trecognize the replacement.After the mac address wasreset within the Oasis pro-gram known as “BlackBart,” the system recog-nized the new mac addressit could now communicatewith the Sentinel. Letscompare it to an in-houselinked progressive bank ofeight games. They wouldhave progressive ID num-bers 1 through 8. If games7 and 8 are removed, theprogressive system can’tsee them. Its kind of asimilar deal, since theSentinel that had a specificID number (mac address)was removed and anotherput into the system whichhas a different ID number,the computer systemdoesn’t see it until it isreset.

IGT Game King Not Ac-IGT Game King Not Ac-IGT Game King Not Ac-IGT Game King Not Ac-IGT Game King Not Ac-cepting Tickets Aftercepting Tickets Aftercepting Tickets Aftercepting Tickets Aftercepting Tickets AfterConversionConversionConversionConversionConversion

A few IGT Game Kings wererecently converted. Theywere changed from “stan-dard video poker” gamessuch as Jacks or Better andDouble Bonus Poker to“Hot Roll Poker.” Othertechs had installed softwareand I was the game tester.It accepted promo cash andbills but wouldn’t accept aticket. The error showed“unable to redeem at thistime.” Usually when thishappens, a game option

setting was missed, such as“accept tickets YES,” “SASenabled” and so on. All ofthe game options lookedgood. I even compared themto the game next door. Ihad communication FROMthe game TO the Sentineland FROM the Sentinel TOthe system. Two differenttickets were tried, nothingworked.

I talked to a co-worker forany suggestions. I was toldto RAM clear the Sentinel,then it should accept tick-ets. Sure enough after theclear, the game acceptedthe first ticket that was putin. For some reason, weneed to periodically RAMclear Sentinels that are inIGT AVP G20 slant topswith multi-games such as a

“Game King.” Perhaps ournext Oasis software up-grade will fix the problem.It happens once in a whilewith other manufacturers ofgames too, not very oftenthough. BEFORE clearingthe RAM on a Sentinelwhen a game will not ac-cept a ticket, other thingsneed to be checked. Is thegame and Sentinel commu-nicating with the system?Are all game options setcorrectly? Did the bar codeprint clearly on the ticket?Is the bill acceptor dirty?These are other things thatmay cause a game to rejecta ticket as well. Pleasecheck for obvious failuresbefore RAM clearing.

- Pat Porath - Pat Porath - Pat Porath - Pat Porath - Pat [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected]

Something goes here.

To Advertise in Slot Tech Maga-zine, please contact Randy

Fromm. This size ad costs aslittle as $290.00 with monthly

insertion.

Slot Tech Magazine reachesinto the slot shops of casinos

around the world. Do you havesomething of interest you’d

like to share?


PLEASE!

Help me fill this space with a technical con-tribution to Slot Tech Magazine.

Look, I know that writing isn’t easy. In fact,it’s a painful experience, especially whenyou first start out. But the fact is that SlotTech Magazine depends on contributionsfrom working slot techs who are in thetrenches every day around the world.

I’ll accept almost anything technical. Don’tworry about making it perfect. It’s my job aseditor to make you look good! Seriously, I’llcorrect all your spellign and ytpographicalerrors. I promise.

All seriousness aside, if you can contributesomething, I’d really appreciate it. I pay $.10/word and ten bucks per illustration (photos,schematics, drawings, etc.).

Contact me in any of the usual ways.

Thanks,

Randy Fromm


Houston, Texas January 2nd, 2017 —— Ellary Gaming announced todaythat is has entered into a distribution agreement with Pacific Illumination, aleading provider of replacement lighting products for LCD displays in slotmachines, LED replacement parts, touch screens and player trackingsystems to the gaming industry. Ellary Gaming will be a distributor for allPacific Illumination product lines.

“We at Ellary Gaming are thrilled to be working with industry great PacificIllumination,” said Adam Landry, Director of Sales & Marketing at EllaryGaming. “Pacific Illumination has an incredible track record and Mr. HarryIverson has been a longtime contributor to the gaming industry and repair

community. Our customers at Ellary Gaming love quality products, innovative solutions and great cost savings. WithEllary Gaming and Pacific Illumination, they will not be disappointed. This alliance is a particularly special one to meas I have great admiration for Pacific Illumination and their product catalog.”

“We are pleased to have Ellary Gaming as a distributor of our product,” said Harry Iversen, Owner of PacificIllumination. “Ellary Gaming has a great track record and is well liked and respected in the gaming industry. I havepersonally worked with members of their management team in the past for many years. Their team has a great workethic and they are very dedicated to customer satisfaction. We look forward to what the future brings both companies.”

About Ellary Gaming: Ellary Gaming is a Slot Machine Parts Sales and Service company focused on selling new,used and refurbished slot machine parts to customers in the US, Canadian and South American markets. EllaryGaming sells LCD Monitors, LED & CCFL Lighting, Ad Boards, Inverters, Touch Screens, Controllers, Video Cards,Power Supplies, Bill Validators, Printers, Push Buttons, Button Panels and more.

Adam LandryDirector of Sales & Marketing for Ellary Gaming- Houston, TexasOffice Phone: (832) 799-4306 Cell Phone: (713) 907-1974Fax: 1-888-744-1277 Email Address: [email protected]

Ellary Interests LLC, DBA Ellary Gaming AnnouncesDistribution Agreement With Pacific Illumination

Slot Tech Event-Regional Slot Tech Training at Blue Lake Casino

Attending the four-day class at Blue Lake Casino in Blue Lake, California were Brett Sands from Pawnee,Oklahoma, Gonzalo Fuentes and Cindy Teran from Rolling Hills Casino in Corning, California, HeribertoLopez and Alejandro Sotelo from Grand Victoria Casino in Elgin, Illinois, Brian Thomas from Bear RiverCasino Hotel in Loleta, California, Ashley Morgenstern, Michael Mansfield, Justin Macias and Alec Morisonfrom Blue Lake Casino, Angela Wamhoff, Rick Guerrero and Thomas Nugent from Chinook Winds CasinoResort in Lincoln, Oregon, and Rebecca Peal and Mike Lawrence from Slotworld Casino in Carson City,Nevada.

We had a very nice class in NorthernCalifornia. We had 16 slot techs attend

the class, from as far away as Pawnee,Oklahoma and Elgin, Illinois. As you can seefrom the class picture, it was our “ChristmasClass!”

Rather than ask people to travel long dis-tances for training, I have someregional Classes planned for2017. Please check out the classschedule on page 15.-RF

Regional Slot Tech Training

Oklahoma City, OK-March 14-17, 2017Seattle, WA-April 11-14, 2017Sands Casino, Bethleham, PA-June 13-16, 2017Albuquerque, NM-July 11-14, 2017Las Vegas, NV-September 26-29, 2017

Day 1-Beginning Electronics forSlot Machine TechniciansThis segment assumes that you haveno previous electronics training andtakes you through a simple, NO MATHlook at electronic components, elec-tronic circuits, schematic diagrams andmore!

Using a Digital MultimeterThe DMM is the single most importantpiece of test equipment you can use.

Electronic ComponentsAll of the individual components usedin gaming machines are introduced.Students learn how to test them forproper operation.

Day 2-Diodes, Transistors & OtherSemiconductorsHands-on Transistor Testing LabThis part of the school takes a look atall of the different types of semiconduc-tors commonly seen in gaming ma-chines. We'll take a look at the opera-tion of each component, along with test-ing procedures to determine if the partis good or bad.

Day 3-SolderingGood soldering technique takes prac-

tice but there are some tricks thatcan really help speed things along.During this segment, each studentwill be provided with their own sol-dering supplies and some fun projectkits they will assemble. Current kitsinclude a versitile component testerthat can be used alongside the DMMto test electrolytiuc capacitors,semiconductors, resistors and othercomponents. This equipment will betheirs to keep. This is a VALUABLEshop tool.

Day 4-Morning Session-PowerSuppliesThis module covers all types of powersupplies, including linear power sup-plies and the Switched-Mode PowerSupply (SMPS) found in virtually ev-erything in a modern casino.

Day 4-Afternoon Session-LCDMonitor RepairLCD Monitor repair is generally prettyeasy thanks to their modular design.This segment covers the theory ofoperation of LCD monitors. There willbe a presentation on component-level repair techniques, CCFL test-ing and replacement and using LEDstrips as backlights.

Attend or Sponsor a Class Near You!

Since 2001, Slot Tech Magazine has been holding slot techtraining classes at casinos across the USA. These classeshave mostly been held at larger properties with a dozen or

more slot techs from their own slot department attending the class.In order to serve our smaller cainos (with, perhaps, just a fewtechs) we are now holding regional classes that are open to all slottechs that wish to attend.

This is the full, four-day class that covers power supply repair andLCD monitor repair, down to the component level.

To Enroll: Download the enrollment form at slot-techs.com

If you are interested in spon-soring a regional class atyour property, please contactRandy Fromm for details.

Class Schedule 9:00am-4pm Daily

This is a “fast-track” class for slottechs who want to learn thequick and easy way to fix moni-tors and power supplies withouthaving to learn a lot of electronictheory or mathematics.

Includes free component tester!

Cost of the ProgramTuition is $795/personIncludes:Digital MultimeterSoldering iron, tools and solderingsuppliesSample componentsSoldering Instruction KitComponent Tester KitTextbook

Students are responsible for their ownmeals and lodging.

If you’re interested, please contact RandyFromm right away. It’s first-come, first-served and there is a limited number ofplaces available in each class.

Randy FrommSlot Tech Magazine401 W. Lexington Ave. #777El Cajon, CA 92022619.838.7111

You can fax a PO to 619.315.0410 and we’llinvoice you. Be sure to include the student’sname.

NO PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OFELECTRONICS IS REQUIRED

Chicago, IL-November 6-9, 2017New Orleans, LA-December 6-8, 2017Locations TBA and subject to changeIf you are interested in sponsoring one of these regionalclasses at your property, please contact Randy Fromm

2017 Class Schedule

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