War Around the World

Western Front Eastern Front Ottoman Empire

U.S.A

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Areas of Conflict during World War I

War in Ottoman Empire

• In early 1915, Allies were desperate to end the stalemate

• Gallipoli Campaign Strategy: large attack on the Gallipoli peninsula which would open a supply line to Russia (Feb. 1915)

Gallipoli Campaign Result:

1) By May war fell into a stalemate2) By December, Allies retreated3) Allies lost 250,000 soldiers

Middle East War

• Allies did succeed in other parts of Middle East • British helped Arabs overthrow Turkish Rulers• Allies take control of Baghdad, Jerusalem & Damascus• Ottoman Empire is slowly ending….

Russia’s difficult fight

• Russia army was LARGE but poorly equipped– Shortage of food, guns and ammunition

– Kept Germany busy by accepting huge casualties

• 1916 reduces war effort & 1917 exits war– Faced Civil War at home

• Vladimir Lenin Signs Peace Treaty with Germany 1918– Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: greatly reduces size of Russia

Eastern Front Warfare

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918)

Area of Lost land from Treaty

May 7th 1915

German’s sink Lusitania: a British passenger ship 1,198 killed, 128 Americans

Result: Germany agrees to not sink passenger ships in future

USA does not enter war

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• 1917: Germans announce they will sink ships entering and leaving Great Britain.

• Strategy: to “starve” Great Britain– Germany suffered food shortages at home

• Germans sink 3 American Ships– Ignore warnings of U.S. President

Zimmerman Telegram

• What: German telegram promising support to Mexico in a War against the U.S. (Jan. 1917)

• Woodrow Wilson declares war on Germany [April 2nd 1917]

President Woodrow Wilson

Coded Telegram Translated Telegram

Western Front Eastern Front Ottoman Empire

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Journal #2

• Analyze how Russia performed during WWI? – explain why & how this led to conflict with the Ottoman Empire

• Explain why the United States enters World War I? – do you agree?—explain