Warm-Up 12/9/2015

1. Germany was divided into 4 parts after WWII. Why do you think this happened? (Answer this question on your Warm-Up sheet for this week)

2. Create pages in your vocabulary journals for the following words and write what you think they mean:

1. Cold War (page 110)2. Superpowers (page 111)3. Iron Curtain (page 112)

4. Berlin Wall (page 113)5. Eastern Bloc (page 114)6. Western Bloc (page 115)

Impact of WWIISS6H7b. Explain the impact of

WWII in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the

Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers.

E.Q.

• How did WWII impact the world in terms of the Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the rise of Superpowers?

Holocaust Review of Key Facts

• Holocaust: systematic killing of 6 million Jews• Key person: Adolph Hitler• Location: Germany (which later spread to parts all over

central Europe)• Time period: WWII• Genocide: planned killing of a race of people• How:

– 1. identified Jews with yellow star– 2. took away rights/freedoms– 3. gathered/imprisoned Jews in ghettos– 4. shipped Jews to concentration camps

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId=10005143&MediaId=183

Concentration Camps

Left• Old, weak, young • Sent to “showers”• Gassed to death• cremated

Right• Workers• Sent to showers• Heads shaved• Given prison clothes• Tattooed with number• Worked to death

Not Just Jews Killed

• Political prisoners• Mentally ill• Disabled• Gypsies, Poles, and others

Helene Gotthold, a Jehovah's Witness, was beheaded for her religious beliefs on December 8, 1944, in Berlin. She is pictured with her children. Germany, June 25, 1936.

After

• Survivors – no homes left• United Nations divided Palestine into Arab

and Jewish “states” (countries)• Israel became a Jewish nation – 1948

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId=10005129&MediaId=177

http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006AC19C/(httpPages)/242056AEA671DEF780256EF30037A2A8?OpenDocument

Liberation (freedom) & The End of WWII…• Soviet (USSR) & allied forces of WWII were surrounding Germany,

Austria- Hungry, and Poland (Central Powers) and were closing in. As they came through, the Nazis had to destroy the evidence of the concentration camps to try to keep the evil secret. Several camps were found destroyed in 1944 and info 1945, but when Auschwitz was discovered with some living poisoners able to tell their stories, the secret was out! Hitler, knowing his regime was over and he’d have to pay the consequences, committed suicide on April 30, 1945. Only eight days later, Germany & the Nazi regime surrendered on May 7, 1945 officially ending WWII in Europe. [***The Pacific (Asian) side of WWII, did not end until August 1945 with the USA dropping atomic bombs on the Japanese (Nagasaki & Hiroshima).]

• http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005131• http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/vosurrender.htm

Review Questions1. What is genocide?The planned killing of a race of people2. Who created the country of Israel?United Nations3. Who was spared in the Holocaust?None of the above4. What actions did the United Nations take as a

result of the Holocaust?Created a Jewish state and made genocide a crime

Cold WarKey Facts

• When: end of WWII – 1945• What: period of distrust and misunderstanding• Who: between Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) & U.S.A.

(and former allies)• Why: Soviet Union was communist/command

(strong central government controls businesses). U.S.A. believed businesses should be privately owned.

The World Following WWII

Eastern Bloc vs. Western Bloc

Eastern (red)• Soviet Union• Most eastern European

countries

Western (blue)• U.S.A.• Most western European

countries

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zBfIJ4ABIQ

Germany

• Divided after WWII into 4 parts • 1948: divided into West

Germany (free) and East Germany (Soviet controlled)

• Capital – Berlin – divided into East Berlin and West Berlin

• 1961: Berlin Wall built to separate city

Why would the communists want to keep people from going into west Berlin?

• Airport (leaving country)

• Keep control of east Germany

• Stop the spread of democracy

Potsdam Conference

Fears

• Each side believed the other wanted to rule the world.

• People feared a nuclear war would happen.• Countries formed alliances for protection.• 1949

– Western Bloc plus Canada formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

– Eastern Bloc formed Warsaw Pact

Review Questions5. Which country was the leader of the Eastern Bloc? Soviet Union6. What 2 terms describe the dividing line between eastern &

western, communist & noncommunist areas?Berlin Wall & Iron Curtain7. Which was 1 of the areas of disagreement between the

U.S.S.R. & the U.S. during the Cold War?Best type of economic system8. When was the Cold War?After WWII9. The Warsaw Pact was to the U.S.S.R. as NATO was to theU.S.

World Superpowers

Rise of the SuperpowersU.S.A.

• Constitutional Republic, Free market

• Permanent seat on U.N. Security Council

• 4th most populated country in world

• Powerful military support from NATO

• Largest navy in world• Military bases all over world• CIA (spies)• Large reserve of nukes• Influenced world events

Soviet Union• Communist, Command• Permanent seat on U.N.

Security Council• Largest country in the world• Military and space technology• World-wide spy network (KGB)• One of largest stockpiles of

nukes in world• Influenced world events

Review Questions

10. As a world superpower, the U.S.S.R. hadA seat on the UN Security Council11. As a world superpower, the U.S. hadMilitary bases all over the world12. Which condition is required to be a world

superpower?Influence over world events

Collapse of the Soviet Union

• Problem: Soviet Union spent $$$$$$$– Putting down revolts in its countries – protecting its borders – keeping up with the arms race against the U.S.A

http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/fall-of-soviet-union

Collapse of the Soviet Union1985

• leader Mikhail Gorbachev – reduced government control

of business – increased freedom for

citizens

Result– improved relations with

U.S.A. – inspired other Eastern Bloc

countries to demand freedom

http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Post-Soviet_states#/States_and_geographical_groupings

German Reunification• Nov 1989: Berlin Wall

torn down• Germany began to reunify• Germany was 1 country

again in 1990• Cold War was over• Soviet republics gained

freedom from Soviet Union.

• Many new countries were made. Russia is the largest.

Review Questions

13. Why did Gorbachev reduce government control of the economy?

An unstable economy due to increased military spending

14. What marked the end of the Cold War?Destruction of the Berlin Wall15. What was the largest country created from

the former Soviet Union?Russia