Warm-up 5/20: •Why are the white blood cells called T-cell & B-cells?•Which cells are involved in the cell mediated specific immune response?•Which cells are involved in the humoral specific immune response?

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primary: 1st time body encounters pathogens secondary: 2nd time body encounters

pathogen with memory cells (leftover B-cells and T-cells)

p 966

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Some B-cells become memory cells (Body’s long term defense system)

When exposed to a pathogen a 2nd time memory cells immediately recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.

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Immunity: ability to resist an infectious disease

Vaccination: introduction of antigens into body to cause immunity

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Vaccine: solution of dead or weakened pathogens that contains pathogens Antigens in vaccine produce a primary

immune response Memory cells are created & provide quick

secondary immune response if antigen enters body again.

Some Diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, and small pox

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Allergies & Autoimmune diseases are the result of an immune system attacking something harmless.

Allergy – immune response to an antigen that is not a pathogen Include physical responses (itching, swelling,

sneezing, & death if severe) Asthma – respiratory disorder triggered by

antigens, swelling of the respiratory pathways Autoimmune Disease – the immune system

attacks one’s own healthy cells

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pp. 970-972

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HIV: human immunodeficiency virus: Virus

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome): Disease weakened immune system caused by the infection of HIV

HIV ≠ AIDS8

caused by a retrovirus 1. has enzymes to transcribe its RNA to DNA 2. new DNA inserted

into host cell’s DNA 3. host cell now makes

proteins to assemble more HIV viruses

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Infects helper T-cells and macrophages (CD4 protein receptor cells)

Why is this so bad?

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Transmission: through fluid containing the virus or cells with the virus (blood, sexually, breast-feeding)

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AIDSp.972

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Course of the disease: AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Phase I: (asymptomatic) few or no symptoms

Phase II: worsening of symptoms Phase III: T-cell count goes below

200 cells/mL (normal 600-700)

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Opportunistic infections: diseases that only strike because of a weakened immune system

EX. Kaposi’s sarcoma, candidiasis, taxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia 14

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Treatments and vaccines A. mutates and evolves very quickly

which makes it difficult to make a

vaccine B. treatment consists of “cocktails”

with some patients taking up to 50

pills a day (very expensive!)

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Due Wednesday Non-Specific Immune Response Poster

Due Thursday: Pathway of immune response. Colored cut out and reordered in notebook.

Study Guide Due ThursdayExam Friday

Intervention Wednesday & Thursday After School

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Initial Response

Cell Mediated Humoral

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