warm-up
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Warm-up. Answer the following questions: What was 1 political problem that America faced at the turn of the century? Give 1 problem with business practices at this time What problems were there in factories? What other issues did cities face during the turn of the century?. Happy Tuesday!!!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Warm-upWarm-up
Answer the following questions:1. What was 1 political problem that America
faced at the turn of the century?2. Give 1 problem with business practices at
this time3. What problems were there in factories?4. What other issues did cities face during the
turn of the century?
Answer the following questions:1. What was 1 political problem that America
faced at the turn of the century?2. Give 1 problem with business practices at
this time3. What problems were there in factories?4. What other issues did cities face during the
turn of the century?
Happy Tuesday!!!Happy Tuesday!!!
I need to do a couple things before we get started: I need to check your study guides from the
test last class I need to collect your Industrialization
stamp sheetsDid you know: There is more real lemon
juice in Lemon Pledge furniture polish than in Country Time Lemonade
I need to do a couple things before we get started: I need to check your study guides from the
test last class I need to collect your Industrialization
stamp sheetsDid you know: There is more real lemon
juice in Lemon Pledge furniture polish than in Country Time Lemonade
ProgressivismProgressivism
Muckrakers and Woman SuffrageMuckrakers and Woman Suffrage
Problems at the Turn of the Century
Problems at the Turn of the Century
Politically: Political MachinesBusiness practices: trusts, monopoliesWorking conditions: child labor, low
pay, long hoursOther stuff: drugs, gangs, drinking,
women still can’t vote
Politically: Political MachinesBusiness practices: trusts, monopoliesWorking conditions: child labor, low
pay, long hoursOther stuff: drugs, gangs, drinking,
women still can’t vote
Enter ProgressivismEnter Progressivism
Progressivism: movement to improve American life in politics, society and the workplace.
Progressives were optimistic and forward looking and accepted the changes industrialization brought forth
Wanted to limit the power of big business, improve democracy and strengthen social justices
Progressivism: movement to improve American life in politics, society and the workplace.
Progressives were optimistic and forward looking and accepted the changes industrialization brought forth
Wanted to limit the power of big business, improve democracy and strengthen social justices
Where did the movement come from?
Where did the movement come from?
New political groups- populists and socialists Farmers- gained ideas from populists, hurt by
the railroads Labor-unions Religion- to be a better person
YMCA, YWCA, Salvation Army to improve lives of the poor
Muckrakers- writers, mostly magazines, who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life People wont change society unless they know about
the conditions and get angry about it Many magazines started at this time: Cosmo,
McClures
New political groups- populists and socialists Farmers- gained ideas from populists, hurt by
the railroads Labor-unions Religion- to be a better person
YMCA, YWCA, Salvation Army to improve lives of the poor
Muckrakers- writers, mostly magazines, who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life People wont change society unless they know about
the conditions and get angry about it Many magazines started at this time: Cosmo,
McClures
MuckrakersMuckrakers
Ida M. Tarbell- wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” Exposed the company’s cutthroat methods
of eliminating competitionUpton Sinclair- wrote “The Jungle”
about stockyard workers and meat packing industry
Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens
Ida M. Tarbell- wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” Exposed the company’s cutthroat methods
of eliminating competitionUpton Sinclair- wrote “The Jungle”
about stockyard workers and meat packing industry
Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens
Local ReformsLocal Reforms
Cities faced some of the most obvious social problems
1900, Galveston, TX adopted the “commission” idea as a form of government after a botched hurricane relief Commission is a group of experts-each takes
charge of a different city department 1913, Dayton, OH- adopted the council-
manager form of gov’t People elect a city council to make laws
Cities faced some of the most obvious social problems
1900, Galveston, TX adopted the “commission” idea as a form of government after a botched hurricane relief Commission is a group of experts-each takes
charge of a different city department 1913, Dayton, OH- adopted the council-
manager form of gov’t People elect a city council to make laws
State ReformsState Reforms
Gov. Robert M. LaFollette- Rep. Wisconsin Targeted RR industry- regulated rates, and forbade
free passes Progressives worked to regulate child labor
Keating-Owen Act 1916- prohibited the transportation across state likes of goods produced with child labor (eventually deemed unconstitutional)
Made efforts to limit working hours and workers compensation
Gov. Robert M. LaFollette- Rep. Wisconsin Targeted RR industry- regulated rates, and forbade
free passes Progressives worked to regulate child labor
Keating-Owen Act 1916- prohibited the transportation across state likes of goods produced with child labor (eventually deemed unconstitutional)
Made efforts to limit working hours and workers compensation
Election ReformElection ReformAdoption of the secret ballot (aka
Australian ballot) Initiatives and referendums- gave citizens
the power to create laws Citizens could petition to place an initiative (a
bill originated by the people) on the ballot Voters instead of legislatures accepted or
rejected the initiative by referendum (vote on initiative)
Adoption of the secret ballot (aka Australian ballot)
Initiatives and referendums- gave citizens the power to create laws Citizens could petition to place an initiative (a
bill originated by the people) on the ballot Voters instead of legislatures accepted or
rejected the initiative by referendum (vote on initiative)
Election Reform cont.Election Reform cont.
The recall enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term
17th Amendment- Direct election of Senators Started with the primary election Forced Senators to focus more on the
people not businesses
The recall enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term
17th Amendment- Direct election of Senators Started with the primary election Forced Senators to focus more on the
people not businesses
Women’s RoleWomen’s Role
At the turn of the century, 1 in 5 women held jobs (25% in manufacturing)
Faced dangerous conditions 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Women’s clubs popped up and grew into reform groups that addressed issues like temperance and child labor
Women began going to college- separate from men
At the turn of the century, 1 in 5 women held jobs (25% in manufacturing)
Faced dangerous conditions 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
Women’s clubs popped up and grew into reform groups that addressed issues like temperance and child labor
Women began going to college- separate from men
Women in ReformWomen in Reform
1896, African-American women founded the NACW (National Assoc. of Colored Women) led by Josephine Ruffin
Susan B. Anthony led a campaign for woman suffrage (right to vote) Founded the National Women Suffrage
Assoc. (NWSA)
1896, African-American women founded the NACW (National Assoc. of Colored Women) led by Josephine Ruffin
Susan B. Anthony led a campaign for woman suffrage (right to vote) Founded the National Women Suffrage
Assoc. (NWSA)
Strategy for SuffrageStrategy for Suffrage
Tried 3 approaches to achieve objective Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women
the right to voteWon in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho
Women pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment- women citizens too!
Supreme Court ruled in 1875 that women were citizens but that that didn’t mean they had the right to vote
Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote
Amendment introduced in CA but it was killed laterFor 41 years, women lobbied to have it reintroduced but it
continued to be voted down
Tried 3 approaches to achieve objective Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women
the right to voteWon in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho
Women pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment- women citizens too!
Supreme Court ruled in 1875 that women were citizens but that that didn’t mean they had the right to vote
Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote
Amendment introduced in CA but it was killed laterFor 41 years, women lobbied to have it reintroduced but it
continued to be voted down
Happy Wednesday!!Happy Wednesday!!
Take out your jungle worksheet so I can check it and we can talk about it!
Did you know: In Utah, birds have the right of way on all highways
Take out your jungle worksheet so I can check it and we can talk about it!
Did you know: In Utah, birds have the right of way on all highways
ProgressivismProgressivism
Progressive Presidents Progressive Presidents
Political LeadersPolitical Leaders
Teddy Roosevelt- RepublicanWilliam H. Taft- RepublicanWoodrow Wilson- DemocratPROGRESSIVES CAME FROM BOTH
PARTIES!!! MOVEMENT WAS BIPARTISAN!
Teddy Roosevelt- RepublicanWilliam H. Taft- RepublicanWoodrow Wilson- DemocratPROGRESSIVES CAME FROM BOTH
PARTIES!!! MOVEMENT WAS BIPARTISAN!
Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt
Roosevelt took office after President McKinley was assassinated Was the youngest president ever (42 years old)
Saw the presidency as a “bully pit” from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation
Believed the American people deserve a “square deal” from government Term was used to describe the progressive
reforms sponsored by his administration
Roosevelt took office after President McKinley was assassinated Was the youngest president ever (42 years old)
Saw the presidency as a “bully pit” from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation
Believed the American people deserve a “square deal” from government Term was used to describe the progressive
reforms sponsored by his administration
Trust BustingTrust Busting
By 1900, trusts (legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies) controlled about 4/5 of the industries in the US Sherman Antitrust Act wasn’t working
TR didn’t believe all trusts were harmful, he didn’t want to “bust the trusts” just regulate them Believed in the 3 C’s:
Controlling corporationsConsumer protectionConservation
By 1900, trusts (legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies) controlled about 4/5 of the industries in the US Sherman Antitrust Act wasn’t working
TR didn’t believe all trusts were harmful, he didn’t want to “bust the trusts” just regulate them Believed in the 3 C’s:
Controlling corporationsConsumer protectionConservation
TR’s Square DealTR’s Square Deal Included 6 items:1. Increase Federal Power: to keep society running
well and to get rid of corruption the gov’t needed to be more involved
Fed. Gov’t needed to get involved in state problems
2. Mediating Strikes: before TR, the gov’t sided with business not strikers
TR didn’t want to totally change to ALWAYS siding with labor but he believed that gov’t needs to step in when strikes effect the common people EX: Coal strike in PA 1902- workers want an 8 hr work day,
higher wages, workers/owners didn’t agree for months, winter came and people needed coal for heat. TR threatens to seize the mines if a decision isnt made, TR sends the gov’t in to mediate
TR establishes a precedent of saying gov’t can intervene in strikes if the public welfare is involved
Included 6 items:1. Increase Federal Power: to keep society running
well and to get rid of corruption the gov’t needed to be more involved
Fed. Gov’t needed to get involved in state problems
2. Mediating Strikes: before TR, the gov’t sided with business not strikers
TR didn’t want to totally change to ALWAYS siding with labor but he believed that gov’t needs to step in when strikes effect the common people EX: Coal strike in PA 1902- workers want an 8 hr work day,
higher wages, workers/owners didn’t agree for months, winter came and people needed coal for heat. TR threatens to seize the mines if a decision isnt made, TR sends the gov’t in to mediate
TR establishes a precedent of saying gov’t can intervene in strikes if the public welfare is involved
TR’s Square Deal cont.TR’s Square Deal cont.
3. Regulate Trusts: tries to regulate businesses if they were oppressive to the people Sometimes the businesses were destroyed, others
were guided towards better business practices Sued the companies
4. Regulating Transportation (mainly RR) Elkins Act 1902: cant change rates w/o notifying
the public Hepburn Act 1906: Interstate Commerce
Commission now sets RR rates
3. Regulate Trusts: tries to regulate businesses if they were oppressive to the people Sometimes the businesses were destroyed, others
were guided towards better business practices Sued the companies
4. Regulating Transportation (mainly RR) Elkins Act 1902: cant change rates w/o notifying
the public Hepburn Act 1906: Interstate Commerce
Commission now sets RR rates
TR’s Square Deal cont.TR’s Square Deal cont.
5. Protecting Health: influenced by “The Jungle” Pure Food and Drug Act 1906: must put
ingredients on the label Meat Inspection Act 1906
6. Conserving Natural Resources: set up state parks, wildlife sanctuaries, national forests; first to recognize the issue of pollution
5. Protecting Health: influenced by “The Jungle” Pure Food and Drug Act 1906: must put
ingredients on the label Meat Inspection Act 1906
6. Conserving Natural Resources: set up state parks, wildlife sanctuaries, national forests; first to recognize the issue of pollution
Progressivism Under TaftProgressivism Under Taft
TR hand picks William H. Taft (R) as his successor
Taft pursued a cautious progressive agenda Sought to consolidate rather than expand TR’s
reforms Was able to bust 90 trusts in a 4 year term Taft runs into a great deal of problems in his
presidency
TR hand picks William H. Taft (R) as his successor
Taft pursued a cautious progressive agenda Sought to consolidate rather than expand TR’s
reforms Was able to bust 90 trusts in a 4 year term Taft runs into a great deal of problems in his
presidency
Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff
Taft campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs
He tries to get the Payne-Aldrich tariff passed, which, when it entered the House was lower. But the Senate, under pressure from big business, actually increased tariffs Taft signed it thinking it was the initial bill
and angered progressives
Taft campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs
He tries to get the Payne-Aldrich tariff passed, which, when it entered the House was lower. But the Senate, under pressure from big business, actually increased tariffs Taft signed it thinking it was the initial bill
and angered progressives
Conservation Conservation
Does some good things- Appalachians added to national forests, set aside federal oil lands
BUT…he causes problems: Begins selling off some land/water
conservation areas Places Richard A. Ballinger as Sec. Of
Interior He starts selling land set aside for parks to
corporate developers
Does some good things- Appalachians added to national forests, set aside federal oil lands
BUT…he causes problems: Begins selling off some land/water
conservation areas Places Richard A. Ballinger as Sec. Of
Interior He starts selling land set aside for parks to
corporate developers
Problems in the Republican Party
Problems in the Republican Party
Taft Supported the political boss, “Uncle Joe” Cannon As Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Cannon often
ignored progressive bills Stripped him of his power
TR returns from Africa promoting “New Nationalism” in which the fed. gov’t exerted its power for the welfare of the people TR ran for a 3rd term in a new (progressive) party: The Bull
Moose PartyPlatform called for the direct election of senators and the adoption
in all states of the initiative, referendum and recall. The split gave the Democrats their first chance at the White
House since 1892…Woodrow Wilson wins in 1912
Taft Supported the political boss, “Uncle Joe” Cannon As Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Cannon often
ignored progressive bills Stripped him of his power
TR returns from Africa promoting “New Nationalism” in which the fed. gov’t exerted its power for the welfare of the people TR ran for a 3rd term in a new (progressive) party: The Bull
Moose PartyPlatform called for the direct election of senators and the adoption
in all states of the initiative, referendum and recall. The split gave the Democrats their first chance at the White
House since 1892…Woodrow Wilson wins in 1912
Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom
From Staunton, VA, was the president of Princeton and the polit. machine wanted a candidate they could control
Says that he will attack the Triple Wall of Privilege: tariffs, banks and trusts
Felt as TR did that the President had to play an active role in obtaining change in the country
From Staunton, VA, was the president of Princeton and the polit. machine wanted a candidate they could control
Says that he will attack the Triple Wall of Privilege: tariffs, banks and trusts
Felt as TR did that the President had to play an active role in obtaining change in the country
Breaking down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Tariff Reform
Breaking down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Tariff Reform
Underwood- Simmons Tariff 1913: lowered tariffs down to 29-41% Did this by telling the people to hold their
Congressmen accountable Changed the revenue of the Fed. Gov’t
US no longer gets the majority of its revenue from tariffs
16th Amendment: INCOME TAX!! This is how the US makes up the difference
Underwood- Simmons Tariff 1913: lowered tariffs down to 29-41% Did this by telling the people to hold their
Congressmen accountable Changed the revenue of the Fed. Gov’t
US no longer gets the majority of its revenue from tariffs
16th Amendment: INCOME TAX!! This is how the US makes up the difference
Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Banking Reform
Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Banking Reform
Need the gov’t to oversee the actions of the banking industry more
Set up the Federal Reserve Board Decentralizes the private banking system
Need the gov’t to oversee the actions of the banking industry more
Set up the Federal Reserve Board Decentralizes the private banking system
Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Trusts
Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Trusts
Establishes the Federal Trade Commission Act: 5 member committee that had the power to investigate unfair business (trade) practices including unlawful competition, fake advertising, mislabeling, bribery If found unlawful, the commission will tell them to
“cease and desist” and turn them over to the courts Clayton Anti-trust Act: designed to strengthen
the Sherman Anti-trust Act Declared more business practices illegal (Ex: cant but
stocks in another company if it will eventually give you a monopoly)
Helped laborers: legal to strike, peacefully picket, boycott and collect strike benefits
Establishes the Federal Trade Commission Act: 5 member committee that had the power to investigate unfair business (trade) practices including unlawful competition, fake advertising, mislabeling, bribery If found unlawful, the commission will tell them to
“cease and desist” and turn them over to the courts Clayton Anti-trust Act: designed to strengthen
the Sherman Anti-trust Act Declared more business practices illegal (Ex: cant but
stocks in another company if it will eventually give you a monopoly)
Helped laborers: legal to strike, peacefully picket, boycott and collect strike benefits
Other Wilson ActsOther Wilson Acts
LaFollette Seaman’s Act (1915): improves working conditions on American merchant ships
Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr. work day for RR Federal Farm Loan Act (1916): low interest
loans for farmers Warehouse Act (1916): loans on the security
of staple crops Workingman’s Compensation Act (1916)
grant assistance to federal civil service employees during disability
LaFollette Seaman’s Act (1915): improves working conditions on American merchant ships
Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr. work day for RR Federal Farm Loan Act (1916): low interest
loans for farmers Warehouse Act (1916): loans on the security
of staple crops Workingman’s Compensation Act (1916)
grant assistance to federal civil service employees during disability
Woman Suffrage and African Americans
Woman Suffrage and African Americans
The movement gained strength with college-educated women
Carrie Chapman Catt took over the NAWSA The efforts of women in WWI led to the
passage of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote
Wilson didn’t make any progressive moves concerning African Americans due to his southern roots
The movement gained strength with college-educated women
Carrie Chapman Catt took over the NAWSA The efforts of women in WWI led to the
passage of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote
Wilson didn’t make any progressive moves concerning African Americans due to his southern roots