Is There Life Out There? Our Solar System (and beyond)

Predict what you think the suns structure looks like. You can draw a picture or write out your explanation.

Make sure to include WHY you think the structure is how you described it.Warm-up 9/15

How did it form?Basic facts99.8% of mass100x diameter of Earth5,527oC92.1% H, 7.8% HePlasma Sun todayMain source of Earths energyOur Sun

http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/524990main_FAQ10_full.jpg

Need to know!Thermal energyTemperatureHeat3 Types of heatOccur in different parts of the Sun1. ConductionCoreDense, hottestHydrogen fusionHow do we get the Suns energy?

Light wavesHow energy gets to EarthRadiation ZoneEnergy moves slowlyThick layer

2. Radiation

3. ConvectionIn fluids (liquids, gases, plasma)Material heated (conduction)Rises.why?Sinks.why?RepeatConvection ZoneMoves more quickly in this layer

Use beaker of hot water to watch movement of food coloring to see currentsUse pinwheel over a flame to see currents in air

5Part 1 - CorrectionsYou may correct the math portion of the test for half credit. SHOW ALL WORK on a SEPARATE sheet of paper.

Part 2 - ReflectionCalculate your test score:Scantron score + math score (11 - # missed)Complete grade reflectionDUE Thursday 9/18 Test Corrections & Grade ReflectionInner Solar Structure Review

Core

Radiation Zone

Convection ZonePhotosphereVisible surfaceChromosphereTemp. increasesRed glowCoronaOutermost layerVery hotSeen during an eclipseOuter Solar Structure

What is a magnetic field?What causes a magnetic field?On the Sun?Effect of rotationDifferent rotation ratesMagnetic field lines get wound upEventually snapSuns Magnetic Field

http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57597396/Use overhead with magnetic filings to show magnetic field lines of a magnetUse rubber band to simulate wrapping of magnetic field lines

9Intense magnetic field prevents convection.Cooler than nearby areasAppear in pairsBrightness & temp.Sunspots

http://oneminuteastronomer.com/1018/sunspots/Sunspot LabHow are conduction, convection and radiation similar?

Give a real-life example of conduction, convection and radiation making an object warmer.

What observations can you make about sunspots on the sun? Think about your graph.

Warm-up 9/18-19

Predictable cycle11-yearsMinimumsLast = 2008/2009

Low # of prominences, flares and sunspotsCooler climate on EarthLast maximum = 2013Sunspot Cycle

http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/student/johnson5/sunspotcycle.htmlSolar flaresCaused by field snapHigh energyExplosive

ProminenceLoops/archesFollow magnetic field lines into spaceSurface Features

http://www.space.com/11506-space-weather-sunspots-solar-flares-coronal-mass-ejections.htmlVideo in loop picture

14 Solar WindPlasma streamHot, high speedCoronal Mass Ejections (CME)Massive eruptionRearrangement of magnetic field linesRecent CMEsEffects on EarthDisrupt magnetic field shapeDamage electronicsDanger to astronautsSolar Wind & CME

http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/browse/2013/10/14/index.shtmlInteraction of particles and magnetic fieldParticles drawn to polesColorsElementsAltitudeConstantly changingBorealis or AustralisVideo

Aurora

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~sdk/fick2003/october.html

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/pictures/110930-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bright-colors/#/space163-aurora-borealis-from-space_41077_600x450.jpg

161. How are sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares similar? How are they different?2. How are the aurora created?3. Create a hypothesis for how other things in space form. Warm-up 9/22-23

10 minute timer, #12 CT17

MassDefinitionToolUnits

Mass & Gravity & Weightoh my!

GravityDefinition9.8 m/s2WeightDefinitionW = m*gUnitsVideo in Astronaut pic: http://shows.howstuffworks.com/stuff-to-blow-your-mind/51310-stuff-to-blow-your-kids-mind-gravity-video.htm 18

NebulaEvidence for formation from one nebulaNearly circular orbitsOrbit in same directionOrbits in same planePlanets rotate in same direction (mostly)

How does this other stuff form?

Heavier elementsHotterTerrestrial planetsAsteroid beltAffected by JupiterObjects may leaveWhats happening towards the Sun?

http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/07/24/11-need-to-know-things-about-our-solar-system/

CoolerLighter elementsGas giantsKuiper beltIcy chunksAsteroidsPlutoOort cloudCometsSource of Earths water?

Whats happening at the outer edge?http://www.foxnews.com/science/2014/07/24/11-need-to-know-things-about-our-solar-system/

The BIG picture!http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/showthread.php/280231-Positions-of-Asteroid-Kuiper-Belts-amp-Oort-CloudYou would weigh differently on Jupiter than on Earth!Masskg, g, lbs.DefinitionDoesnt change with locationWeightNewtonsDefinitionCan change with location

http://pgceandteaching.wordpress.com/2013/06/18/the-difference-between-mass-and-weight/

Astronomical UnitEquals the average distance from the Sun to the Earth1 AU = 9.3 x 107 mi1 AU = 1.5 x 108 km 1 AU = 1.6 x 10-7 ly

Practice!The Moon is 380,000 km away = _____ AUIt is HOW big?Distance & Diameter ModelingCreate a way to remember the order of the planets.

Exit Slip

1 Create a model26How has gravity played a role in the forming of the rest of the stuff in the solar system?If you were on Jupiter, would you weigh more, less or the same as on Earth?If you were on Jupiter, would you have more, less or the same amount of mass as on Earth?Create your own definitions for planet, dwarf planet, moon, comet and asteroid.

Warm-up 9/24-254 Critical Thinking27How do scientists define them?PlanetOrbit only a starRoundDominant object in its orbitDwarf planetOrbit only a starRoundNot dominant object in its orbitTends to be smallRocky and icy

http://www.windows2universe.org/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.htmlCeres is in the asteroid beltEris is in the Kuiper belt, Dysnomia is its moon28MoonsOrbit another body (not a star)AsteroidOrbit only a starIrregularly shapedTend to be smallMeteors MeteoroidMeteorite

Moons and Asteroids

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asteroidsscale.jpg

http://starryskies.com/The_sky/events/lunar-2003/planets.moons.jpgOrbit only a starLarge, very elliptical orbitsBall of frozen gas and dustComaComets

http://14-billion-years-later.tumblr.com/image/16213560898

http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=CometsOrbits a star once every 90,465 daysVolume is about 1/200th the size of EarthLarge enough to be relatively round in shapeAverage surface temperature -229O C~5.9 billion km from the a starElliptical and angled orbitCrosses paths with another object

A new celestial body has been discovered! How should this body be classified and why?Why is it not a planet?Orbit a star?YesRound?YesDominant object in orbit?NO!What is Pluto?This object is also known as

PLUTO!!!Where do you think the moon came from?Imagine the night sky. How many different ways have you seen the Moon in your life? Draw them!

Warm-up 9/29

Former theoriesCaptured by Earths gravityFormed at same time as EarthCollision of small planetsCurrent theoryCollision with early EarthSimilar material to EarthAge 4.5 billion yearsFormation of the Moon Theories

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130710-moon-birth-impact-science-space-cover/StructureInner core, outer coreSolid mantleCrustGravity Magnetic fieldAtmosphereRotationDistance to EarthReflects sunlightMoon Basics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_the_Moon

http://www.madpc.co.uk/~peterl/Moon/Craters/Apennines.htmlComplete front of worksheetWhat is occurring in these phases?NewFullQuarterBetween phasesGibbous vs. crescentWaxing vs. waningName the phaseMoon Faces no Phases

http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.phtmlHow would your mass and weight change if you went to the Moon?What is the current theory on how the Moon was formed?Why do we only see one side of the Moon?Describe how the new moon and full moon are created.

Warm-up 9/30 & 10/1

EclipsesLunarWhy? Which phase??SolarWhy? Which phase?Thats cool! butWhy dont they happen all the time!?Earth and its Moon

38Tides!Bay of Fundy

Earth and its Moon

Tides!Bay of Fundy

Big PictureTides vs. WavesHigh vs. Low2 tidesWhere do they occur?

Earth and its Moon

Liquid waterHabitable ZoneWhat can effect HZ?Star size and temperatureDistance from starSize of planetStructure of planetPresence of atmosphereOther source of heat

What is needed for life to exist?

http://phl.upr.edu/library/notes/summarylimitsofthenewhabitablezone43Is There Life Out There? Our Solar System (and beyond)Draw a picture of what you think life would look like on another planet, if it existed. Describe why you drew that image.What is the one thing that is absolutely essential for life?What do you think would be the next thing that would be most important for life? WHY?What are the two hottest parts of the suns structure?How does convection work?What do you think is the most interesting thing about the sun? WHY?Solar QuizWhat is the one thing that is absolutely essential for life?What do you think would be the next thing that would be most important for life? WHY?What are the two hottest parts of the suns structure?How does convection work?What do you think is the most interesting thing about the sun? WHY?Warm-up: Solar Quiz 2.0Using your notestry again!Why do humans create models? Provide two examples.Why would it be important for the model to be to scale? What does that even mean?Warm-up 10/30-31

Describe what was found on Mars. THIS IS NOT A ONE WORD ANSWER! Talk about how much, in what form etcWhat is one of Curiositys main missions on Mars?What did Curiosity find that is bad news for humans? What does this mean for humans going to Mars?QUIZ!

HOMEWORK! Write a paragraph (5-8 sentences), in which you construct an argument either in favor or against the U.S. spending money on space exploration. The current budget for NASA is $17.7 BILLION! Should the U.S. continue to fund space exploration? Be sure to provide support for your argument! Use proper spelling and grammar!