Warm-UpWarm-Up

Based upon prior knowledge, how do Based upon prior knowledge, how do you think alcohol effects each side of you think alcohol effects each side of the health triangle? (physical, the health triangle? (physical, metal/emotional, social health)metal/emotional, social health)

Harmful Effects of Alcohol Harmful Effects of Alcohol UseUse

Lesson 14Lesson 14

Objectives:Objectives:

Analyze the harmful physical, emotional, Analyze the harmful physical, emotional, social and legal consequences of alcohol social and legal consequences of alcohol abuseabuse

Analyze the effects of alcohol on the fetusAnalyze the effects of alcohol on the fetus Identify the various stages of alcoholismIdentify the various stages of alcoholism Describe how to access school and Describe how to access school and

community health-related services that community health-related services that assist with the prevention and/or stopping assist with the prevention and/or stopping the use of alcoholthe use of alcohol

Short Term Effects of Short Term Effects of DrinkingDrinking

Different for each individualDifferent for each individual Factors that influence these effects include:Factors that influence these effects include:

Body Size: a small person feels the effects sooner then a Body Size: a small person feels the effects sooner then a larger personlarger person

Gender: in general, alcohol moves into the bloodstream Gender: in general, alcohol moves into the bloodstream faster in femalesfaster in females

Food: Food in the stomach slows down the passage of Food: Food in the stomach slows down the passage of alcohol into the bloodstreamalcohol into the bloodstream

Amount of intake: as the amount of alcohol consumed Amount of intake: as the amount of alcohol consumed increases, so does the level of alcohol in the increases, so does the level of alcohol in the bloodstreambloodstream

Rate of intake: when a person drinks alcohol faster than Rate of intake: when a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, intoxication resultsthe liver can break it down, intoxication results

Short Term Effects: Figure 22.1 pg Short Term Effects: Figure 22.1 pg 569569

Drug InteractionsDrug Interactions Alcohol doesn’t mix with medications or other drugsAlcohol doesn’t mix with medications or other drugs Interactions can lead to illness, injury or even deathInteractions can lead to illness, injury or even death

Alcohol-drug interactions are a factor in about ¼ of all Alcohol-drug interactions are a factor in about ¼ of all emergency room admissionsemergency room admissions

How it Works:How it Works: When a drug enters the body it travels through the When a drug enters the body it travels through the

bloodstream to its target organ or tissuebloodstream to its target organ or tissue Over time the body metabolizes (process in which the Over time the body metabolizes (process in which the

body breaks down substances) the drugbody breaks down substances) the drug Alcohol also travels through the bloodstream to he brain, Alcohol also travels through the bloodstream to he brain,

liver, and kidneysliver, and kidneys Impairs brain functionsImpairs brain functions Kidneys filter the waste products from the blood and produce Kidneys filter the waste products from the blood and produce

urineurine Liver metabolized the alcohol, making it less activeLiver metabolized the alcohol, making it less active

The presence of alcohol and medications can result The presence of alcohol and medications can result in a multiplier effect in which the medication has a in a multiplier effect in which the medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken greater or different effect than if it were taken alonealone

Typical Alcohol-Drug Typical Alcohol-Drug InteractionsInteractions

Slow down a drug’s absorption by the bodySlow down a drug’s absorption by the body Increases the length of time that the alcohol or drug is in Increases the length of time that the alcohol or drug is in

the body and increases the risk of harmful side effectsthe body and increases the risk of harmful side effects Increase in the number of metabolizing enzymes Increase in the number of metabolizing enzymes

in the bodyin the body Caused by frequent drinkingCaused by frequent drinking Medications can be broken down faster than normal, Medications can be broken down faster than normal,

decreasing their effectivenessdecreasing their effectiveness Metabolizing enzymes can change some Metabolizing enzymes can change some

medications into chemicals that can damage the medications into chemicals that can damage the liver or other organsliver or other organs Ex: acetaminophen (common painkiller) can cause Ex: acetaminophen (common painkiller) can cause

serious liver damage serious liver damage Increases the effects of some drugsIncreases the effects of some drugs

Ex: antihistamines (taken for colds or allergies) can be Ex: antihistamines (taken for colds or allergies) can be intensified when taken with alcohol, causing extreme intensified when taken with alcohol, causing extreme dizziness and sleepinessdizziness and sleepiness

Driving Under the Influence Driving Under the Influence

DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) also know DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) also know as DUI (Driving Under the Influence) is the as DUI (Driving Under the Influence) is the leading cause of death among teensleading cause of death among teens

Someone is said to be intoxicated when Someone is said to be intoxicated when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds the states legal limit the states legal limit Most states this is .1%, however in some states Most states this is .1%, however in some states

the figure is .08%. the figure is .08%. For someone under 21 there is NO acceptable For someone under 21 there is NO acceptable

BAC percentage BAC percentage

DUI continuedDUI continued

Researches have found that drinking of any sort:Researches have found that drinking of any sort: Slows reflexesSlows reflexes Reduces a person’s ability to judge distances and Reduces a person’s ability to judge distances and

speedsspeeds Increases risk-taking behaviorsIncreases risk-taking behaviors Reduces a person’s concentrationReduces a person’s concentration Increases forgetfulnessIncreases forgetfulness

Clearly, every single one of these factors Clearly, every single one of these factors decreases driving ability, increasing your chance decreases driving ability, increasing your chance of injuring or killing yourself or someone elseof injuring or killing yourself or someone else

DUI ConsequencesDUI Consequences Harm to the driver or someone elseHarm to the driver or someone else Severely restricted driving privileges Severely restricted driving privileges Immediate confiscation of driver’s licenseImmediate confiscation of driver’s license Alcohol related injuries, property damage and Alcohol related injuries, property damage and

deathdeath Living with regret or remorseLiving with regret or remorse Loss of trust and respectLoss of trust and respect ArrestArrest Jail timeJail time Court appearance and accompanying feesCourt appearance and accompanying fees Police recordPolice record Possible lawsuitsPossible lawsuits Higher insurance ratesHigher insurance rates

Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking

Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sittingin one sitting

Serious problem amount young Serious problem amount young peoplepeople

Impairs decision makingImpairs decision making Can cause alcohol poisoningCan cause alcohol poisoning

Alcohol PoisoningAlcohol Poisoning Severe, potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol over doseSevere, potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol over dose Alcohol is a depressant slowing down the bodies involuntary Alcohol is a depressant slowing down the bodies involuntary

actions such as breathing and the gag reflex that prevents actions such as breathing and the gag reflex that prevents choking. Too much alcohol will eventually STOP these actionschoking. Too much alcohol will eventually STOP these actions A person who has consumed too much alcohol will often vomit A person who has consumed too much alcohol will often vomit

because alcohol is a stomach irritant. If the gag reflex is shut down a because alcohol is a stomach irritant. If the gag reflex is shut down a person can choke and be asphyxiated by his or her own vomitperson can choke and be asphyxiated by his or her own vomit

Effects of Alcohol Poisoning:Effects of Alcohol Poisoning: Mental confusionMental confusion ComaComa Inability to be rousedInability to be roused Vomiting Vomiting SeizuresSeizures Slow respiration, <8 breaths a minuteSlow respiration, <8 breaths a minute Irregular heartbeatIrregular heartbeat HypothermiaHypothermia Severe dehydration from vomitingSevere dehydration from vomiting

A person exhibiting any of these signs may die if left untreated. A person exhibiting any of these signs may die if left untreated. Call 911 if you suspect someone has alcohol poisoningCall 911 if you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning

Long Term Effects of Alcohol Long Term Effects of Alcohol AbuseAbuse

Healthy Liver vs. Liver Damaged by Alcohol

Alcohol During PregnancyAlcohol During Pregnancy When a pregnant woman drinks the fetus does tooWhen a pregnant woman drinks the fetus does too

The alcohol passes from the mother’s body into the bloodstream of the fetusThe alcohol passes from the mother’s body into the bloodstream of the fetus Unlike the adult liver, the fetus’s liver is not developed enough to process the Unlike the adult liver, the fetus’s liver is not developed enough to process the

alcoholalcohol As a result, a female who drinks during pregnancy risks permanent damage to the As a result, a female who drinks during pregnancy risks permanent damage to the

fetusfetus Drinking during the first few weeks of pregnancy can be especially harmful to Drinking during the first few weeks of pregnancy can be especially harmful to

a baby’s central nervous systema baby’s central nervous system This is especially dangerous because many women do not yet realize they’re This is especially dangerous because many women do not yet realize they’re

pregnant during this timepregnant during this time Infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy may be at risk of Fetal Infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy may be at risk of Fetal

Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problemsA group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems

Effect of FASEffect of FAS Severe and long lastingSevere and long lasting Born with a small headBorn with a small head Deformities of the face, hands, feetDeformities of the face, hands, feet Heart, liver, kidney defectsHeart, liver, kidney defects Vision and hearing problemsVision and hearing problems Slow growthSlow growth Delayed coordinationDelayed coordination Learning difficultiesLearning difficulties Difficulties with attention, memory and problem solvingDifficulties with attention, memory and problem solving

FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United StatesFAS is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States It is 100% preventableIt is 100% preventable There is NO safe amount of alcohol to drink when pregnantThere is NO safe amount of alcohol to drink when pregnant

AlcoholismAlcoholism A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological

dependence on drinks that contain alcoholdependence on drinks that contain alcohol Characterized by impaired ability to study, work and socialize Characterized by impaired ability to study, work and socialize

normallynormally Alcoholic: an addict who is dependent on alcoholAlcoholic: an addict who is dependent on alcohol

Some may participate in harmful behaviors such as drunken Some may participate in harmful behaviors such as drunken driving or violent behaviorsdriving or violent behaviors

Other may become quiet and withdrawnOther may become quiet and withdrawn Isn’t limited to age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic groupIsn’t limited to age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic group

Symptoms:Symptoms: Cravings: strong need to drink, inability to manage stress Cravings: strong need to drink, inability to manage stress

without drinkingwithout drinking Loss of control: inability to limit drinking, preoccupation with Loss of control: inability to limit drinking, preoccupation with

alcoholalcohol Physical dependence: withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, Physical dependence: withdrawal symptoms such as nausea,

sweating, shakiness and anxiety when the person is not drinkingsweating, shakiness and anxiety when the person is not drinking Tolerance: a need to drink increasingly greater amounts of Tolerance: a need to drink increasingly greater amounts of

alcohol in order to feel its effectsalcohol in order to feel its effects Health, family, and legal problems: repeated injuries, drunk Health, family, and legal problems: repeated injuries, drunk

driving citations, poor relationships with family membersdriving citations, poor relationships with family members

Factors Effecting AlcoholicsFactors Effecting Alcoholics

Genetic linkGenetic link Environmental factorsEnvironmental factors

FamilyFamily FriendsFriends CultureCulture Peer pressurePeer pressure Alcohol availabilityAlcohol availability StressStress

Stages of AlcoholismStages of Alcoholism Stage 1: AbuseStage 1: Abuse

Begins with social drinkingBegins with social drinking Over time a physical and psychological dependence Over time a physical and psychological dependence

developsdevelops Person begins to lie or make excuses about his or her Person begins to lie or make excuses about his or her

drinkingdrinking Person develops a higher tolerance and progressively needs Person develops a higher tolerance and progressively needs

to drink more in order to feel the effects of alcoholto drink more in order to feel the effects of alcohol Stage 2: DependenceStage 2: Dependence

Person can’t stop drinking and is physically dependentPerson can’t stop drinking and is physically dependent Alcohol becomes the central focusAlcohol becomes the central focus Drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the Drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the

job, school or at home suffersjob, school or at home suffers Drinker makes excuses and blames others for problemsDrinker makes excuses and blames others for problems

Stage 3: AddictionStage 3: Addiction Drinking is the MOST important thing in the person’s lifeDrinking is the MOST important thing in the person’s life Liver damage occursLiver damage occurs If consumption of alcohol is stopped, the person will If consumption of alcohol is stopped, the person will

experience severe withdrawal symptomsexperience severe withdrawal symptoms

Effects on Family and Effects on Family and SocietySociety Estimated 14 MILLION alcoholics in the USEstimated 14 MILLION alcoholics in the US

Alcohol use is a major factor in the 4 leading causes of Alcohol use is a major factor in the 4 leading causes of accidental deathaccidental death Car accidentsCar accidents FallsFalls DrowningsDrownings House firesHouse fires

Alcohol also plays a major role in violent crimesAlcohol also plays a major role in violent crimes HomicideHomicide RapeRape RobberyRobbery

Statistics:Statistics: About 40% of violent crimes, totaling 3 million annually, are About 40% of violent crimes, totaling 3 million annually, are

alcohol relatedalcohol related 2/3 of domestic violence report that alcohol was a factor in the 2/3 of domestic violence report that alcohol was a factor in the

crimecrime Nearly ½ of all homicide victims have alcohol in their Nearly ½ of all homicide victims have alcohol in their

bloodstreamsbloodstreams Alcoholism effects those around youAlcoholism effects those around you

Codependency: codependents learn to ignore their own needs and Codependency: codependents learn to ignore their own needs and focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholicsfocus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholics

In the process they lose their trust in others, self-esteem and at times In the process they lose their trust in others, self-esteem and at times their own health sufferstheir own health suffers

Where to Get Help: Figure 22.4 pg Where to Get Help: Figure 22.4 pg 579579

TreatmentTreatment Alcoholism can’t be cured, but it can be Alcoholism can’t be cured, but it can be

treatedtreated Recovery: the process of learning to live an Recovery: the process of learning to live an

alcohol-free lifealcohol-free life 2/3 of alcoholics who try to recover do so with 2/3 of alcoholics who try to recover do so with

the proper treatmentthe proper treatment Treatment programs aim to stop or control Treatment programs aim to stop or control

the intake of alcoholthe intake of alcohol CounselingCounseling MedicationMedication

Sobriety: life without alcoholSobriety: life without alcohol Lifelong commitmentLifelong commitment Many resources are available to help people who Many resources are available to help people who

have a drinking problem as well as family and have a drinking problem as well as family and friendsfriends