Warm UpWarm Up

Film Canister: Try to determine what is Film Canister: Try to determine what is in your film canister without opening it. in your film canister without opening it. Make observations about what it looks Make observations about what it looks like on the outside and observations like on the outside and observations (remember sight is not the only sense (remember sight is not the only sense we can use to make an observation) we can use to make an observation) about what is in the inside. Write your about what is in the inside. Write your observations in your notebook, and also observations in your notebook, and also give your hypothesis for what is inside.give your hypothesis for what is inside.

Before Looking Inside . . .Before Looking Inside . . .

Let’s observe the outside of the Let’s observe the outside of the Earth. Earth.

Scientists like to divide the Earth into Scientists like to divide the Earth into four spheres.four spheres.

Litho – Latin for rock

Gas envelope around the earth

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Water parts of the earth

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Lake Lanier

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Bio means living!

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What Is Inside the What Is Inside the Earth?Earth?

Going DeepGoing Deep

The deepest mine on the Earth is 3.8 The deepest mine on the Earth is 3.8 km deep – but it only scratches the km deep – but it only scratches the surface!surface!

So, if we can’t observe the center of So, if we can’t observe the center of the Earth directly, what can we do?the Earth directly, what can we do?

Finding Indirect EvidenceFinding Indirect Evidence

The The interiorinterior of the Earth cannot be of the Earth cannot be observedobserved directly. directly.

Seismic WavesSeismic Waves (the waves of an (the waves of an earthquake) are used to learn about earthquake) are used to learn about the the interior interior of the Earth.of the Earth.

Journey to the Center of the Journey to the Center of the EarthEarth

TemperatureTemperature increases as you increases as you move towards move towards Earth’s center.Earth’s center.

Pressure Pressure increases increases as you move as you move towards Earth’s towards Earth’s center.center.

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The Earth’s LayersThe Earth’s Layers

CrustCrust– The layer of The layer of rockrock

that forms Earth’s that forms Earth’s outerouter skin skin

– It is It is solidsolid and and ranges in depth ranges in depth from 5-from 5-4040 km thick. km thick.

– It is primarily made It is primarily made up of the rocks up of the rocks granitegranite and and basaltbasalt

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The Earth’s LayersThe Earth’s Layers

MantleMantle– A A solidsolid layer of layer of material – hot rockmaterial – hot rock– LithosphereLithosphere – made up of the – made up of the upperupper

mantle and the mantle and the crustcrust– Asthenosphere – a Asthenosphere – a softsoft layer of the layer of the

mantle that can mantle that can bendbend like plastic like plastic– The The lithospherelithosphere floats on the floats on the

asthenosphereasthenosphere– SolidSolid mantle – extends to the mantle – extends to the corecore– The mantle is The mantle is 2,9002,900 km thick km thick

The Earth’s LayersThe Earth’s Layers

OuterOuter Core Core– Made up of Made up of ironiron and and nickelnickel– It is a layer of molten (liquid) It is a layer of molten (liquid) metalmetal that that

surrounds the inner coresurrounds the inner core– The outer core is The outer core is 2,2502,250 km thick km thick

The Earth’s LayersThe Earth’s Layers

InnerInner Core Core– It is a dense It is a dense ballball of of solidsolid metal metal– It is also made up of iron and nickelIt is also made up of iron and nickel– The inner core is The inner core is 1,2001,200 km thick km thick– The inner and outer core together are just The inner and outer core together are just

slightly smaller than the moonslightly smaller than the moon– Currents in the outer core cause the inner Currents in the outer core cause the inner

core to spin slightly faster than the rest of core to spin slightly faster than the rest of the Earth; the result is the Earth’s the Earth; the result is the Earth’s magnetic fieldmagnetic field

Summary Activity – Choose Summary Activity – Choose OneOne

Option One:Option One:– Draw, label, and Draw, label, and

color the layers of color the layers of the Earth as shown the Earth as shown on page on page

– Make sure to label Make sure to label each layer including each layer including the lithosphere and the lithosphere and asthenosphere, as asthenosphere, as well as the depth of well as the depth of each layereach layer

Option TwoOption Two– Write a story about Write a story about

a journey to the a journey to the center of the Earthcenter of the Earth

– Be sure to include Be sure to include information about information about each layer you pass each layer you pass through, including through, including the lithosphere and the lithosphere and asthenosphere, as asthenosphere, as well as the depth of well as the depth of each layereach layer