Warm-Up: Spiral Page 8Warm-Up: Spiral Page 8 The Middle Ages in EuropeThe Middle Ages in Europe

• What was the What was the impact of the fall of impact of the fall of Rome on Europe?Rome on Europe?

– Barbarians invade the Barbarians invade the Roman EmpireRoman Empire

– A period of chaos and A period of chaos and turmoil follow the fall turmoil follow the fall of Romeof Rome

– Eastern Rome Eastern Rome becomes the becomes the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

– Feudalism beginsFeudalism begins

Brainstorm: “Middle Ages”Brainstorm: “Middle Ages”

Introduction to Middle Introduction to Middle Ages:Ages:

BrainPop: Middle BrainPop: Middle AgesAges

Europe After the Fall of the Roman Europe After the Fall of the Roman EmpireEmpire

• Eastern Rome:Eastern Rome:– Empire continued as the Empire continued as the

Byzantine Empire for a 1,000 Byzantine Empire for a 1,000 yearsyears

– Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox• Western Rome:Western Rome:

– Period of chaos, turmoil, violencePeriod of chaos, turmoil, violence– Different tribes set up separate kingdomsDifferent tribes set up separate kingdoms– Outside invasionsOutside invasions– Decline of cities and learningDecline of cities and learning– Roman CatholicismRoman Catholicism

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire• Emperor Constantine Emperor Constantine

moved the capital to moved the capital to ConstantinopleConstantinople

• United by Christianity: United by Christianity: Eastern OrthodoxyEastern Orthodoxy

• Greatest Achievement: Greatest Achievement: Code of JustinianCode of Justinian– Roman laws Roman laws

organized into a organized into a single law codesingle law code

Middle Ages Middle Ages (476 A.D. to (476 A.D. to 1400s)1400s)

• Period of history after the fall of Rome in Western EuropePeriod of history after the fall of Rome in Western Europe

• The period between ancient and modern times = “middle”The period between ancient and modern times = “middle”

• Germanic tribes invaded Western RomeGermanic tribes invaded Western Rome– ““BarbariansBarbarians” = anyone who came from a foreign, non-Roman ” = anyone who came from a foreign, non-Roman

culture; uncivilizedculture; uncivilized

• Effects of the invasions:Effects of the invasions:• Disruption of trade Disruption of trade

• Travel unsafe due to violenceTravel unsafe due to violence

• Cities and town abandonedCities and town abandoned

• Learning decreasedLearning decreased

• Life became rural and unsafeLife became rural and unsafe

The Reign of Charlemagne:The Reign of Charlemagne:• Reunited Western Reunited Western

EuropeEurope • Greatest Empire Greatest Empire

since Romesince Rome

• Charlemagne Charlemagne crowned crowned “Emperor “Emperor of the Holy Roman of the Holy Roman Empire”Empire” by the by the popepope– HistoricHistoric: Signified the : Signified the

new political and religious new political and religious unity of Western Europeunity of Western Europe

FeudalismFeudalism• A system of exchanging land for loyalty and A system of exchanging land for loyalty and

service.service.

• Why feudalism?Why feudalism?– Protection from violenceProtection from violence

– Provide for basic economic needsProvide for basic economic needs

– Helped survive the breakdown of central government and Helped survive the breakdown of central government and orderorder

• Characteristics of Feudalism:Characteristics of Feudalism:– SocialSocial

– PoliticalPolitical

– EconomicEconomic

Feudalism: Social Feudalism: Social CharacteristicsCharacteristics

•Kings give land to lords in exchange for military service

•Lords (nobles) give land to knights in exchange for loyalty

•Peasants (serfs) farmed and received protection

11

CONSTRUCTING THE CONSTRUCTING THE PYRAMID OF POWERPYRAMID OF POWER

LESSER NOBLES(KNIGHTS)

LABOR PROTECTION

POWERFULNOBLES (LORDS)

KING

SERFS AND FREEMEN

LAND ANDPROTECTION

LANDLOYALTY AND

SERVICE

LOYALTY ANDMILITARY SERVICE

BRAIN BREAK!BRAIN BREAK!

BrainPop: FeudalismBrainPop: Feudalism

Feudalism: PoliticalFeudalism: Political• Nobles controlled political lifeNobles controlled political life• Built castles for protectionBuilt castles for protection• Had armies of knightsHad armies of knights• King relied on the nobles for his own armyKing relied on the nobles for his own army• Civil Wars were frequentCivil Wars were frequent

Feudalism: EconomicFeudalism: EconomicManorialism = self-sufficient Manorialism = self-sufficient

communitiescommunities

Interactive Notebook Activity:Interactive Notebook Activity:Medieval ManorMedieval Manor

On the paper provided draw your own medieval self-sufficient manor system. (Textbook pg. 326)

And color!

16

Warm-Up: Warm-Up: Spiral page 9Spiral page 9The Age of FaithThe Age of Faith

• What was the What was the one unifying and one unifying and common factor common factor in medieval in medieval Europe?Europe?

• ChristianityChristianity• Why?Why?

17

Reasons for the Church’s Reasons for the Church’s Power:Power: The Role of FaithThe Role of Faith::

People very religiousPeople very religious Church represented Church represented

GodGod Had the power to send Had the power to send

a person to Heaven or a person to Heaven or HellHell

United by common United by common faithfaith

Power and WealthPower and Wealth:: Nobles left land to the Nobles left land to the

ChurchChurch Church became Church became

Europe’s largest Europe’s largest landownerlandowner

Tithes: church taxesTithes: church taxes

18

Learning and ArtLearning and Art Church was the Church was the

center of learningcenter of learning Church officials only Church officials only

ones who could read ones who could read and writeand write

St. Augustine and St. Augustine and St. Thomas AquinasSt. Thomas Aquinas Promoted Christian Promoted Christian

faith and teachingsfaith and teachings

New art style: New art style: GothicGothic Pointed arches, high Pointed arches, high

spires, stained glass spires, stained glass windowswindows

Christianity Comparison:Christianity Comparison:Roman

Catholicism:• Practiced in Western

Europe• Services in Latin• Pope authority over

bishops• Pope authority over

kings and emperors• Priests may not marry• Divorce is not

permitted

Eastern Orthodoxy:

• Began in Byzantine Empire

• Services in Greek• Patriarch over

bishops• Emperor authority

over patriarch and bishops

• Priests can marry• Divorce allowed

Magna CartaMagna Carta• Signed by King Signed by King

John in 1215John in 1215• Developed the Developed the

ideas of liberty and ideas of liberty and limited self-limited self-governmentgovernment– Limited the powers of Limited the powers of

the kingthe king

• Guaranteed a trial Guaranteed a trial by jury and new by jury and new taxes to be taxes to be approvedapproved

Brain BreakBrain Break::

BrainPop: Magna BrainPop: Magna CartaCarta

22

CrusadesCrusades

• Effects of the Effects of the Crusades:Crusades:– Introduced

Europeans to new goods and ideas from the Middle East– Increased trade

Christian Europeans challenged Muslims for control of the Holy Land

Crusade Breakdown Crusade Breakdown through song…through song…

The Crusades

Interactive Notebook Interactive Notebook Activity:Activity:

• Create a Help Wanted Ad for a Knight in the Crusades

• From the perspective of someone who needs the services of a knight.

• Must include: – Reasons to join– Duties/Responsibilities– Rewards– Pictures/Color

**Use textbook pgs. 343-346

Warm-Up: Spiral pg.10Warm-Up: Spiral pg.10End of the Middle AgesEnd of the Middle Ages

• “In the year 1348 there was a great plague in the city of Florence. It was of such a fury that in houses in which it took hold healthy servants who took care of the ill died. Almost none of the ill survived past the fourth day. Neither physicians nor medicines were effective. There seemed to be no cure. There was such a fear that no one seemed to know what to do. When it took hold in a house it often happened that no one remained who had not died. And it was not just that men and women died, but even animals died. At every church, they dug deep trenches, down to the waterline, depending on how large the parish was. And those who were responsible for the dead carried them on their back in the night and threw them into the ditch, or else they paid a high price to those who would do it for them.”

READ THE PARAGRAPH ABOVE…READ THE PARAGRAPH ABOVE…

Warm-UpWarm-Up

• What event is being described in the paragraph?

• How do you think this is going to affect Europe?

Notes: Graphic OrganizerNotes: Graphic OrganizerCreate the graphic organizer below in your spiral under the warm-up. As we go, complete the graphic organizer describing the role

played by each in bringing about an end to the Middle Ages.

END OF THE MIDDLE AGESEND OF THE MIDDLE AGES

The Crusades

The Great Schism

The Black Death

The Hundred Years’ War

End of the Middle AgesEnd of the Middle Ages• Effect of the Crusades on Effect of the Crusades on

the Middle Ages:the Middle Ages:– New trade led to growth of towns, the New trade led to growth of towns, the

development of a middle class, and the development of a middle class, and the greater use of money.greater use of money.

– Instead of services, people paid with moneyInstead of services, people paid with money

End of the Middle AgesEnd of the Middle Ages

Effects of the Black Effects of the Black Death:Death:

• Killed 1/3 of Europe’s Killed 1/3 of Europe’s population (25 million)population (25 million)

• Created a labor shortage Created a labor shortage in Europein Europe

• Feudal System endedFeudal System ended– Offered freedom and money for Offered freedom and money for

workwork

• Faith in the Church Faith in the Church decreaseddecreased

Brain BreakBrain Break::

The Black The Black Plague through Plague through

song…song…Fleas on Rats

End of the Middle AgesEnd of the Middle AgesThe Hundred Years’ WarThe Hundred Years’ War• England vs. France England vs. France

over the French throneover the French throne• Effects:Effects:– King’s created their own King’s created their own

armiesarmies– New weaponsNew weapons• Long bow, cannon, Long bow, cannon,

gunpowdergunpowder

– Greater feelings of Greater feelings of nationalismnationalism

End of the Middle AgesEnd of the Middle Ages

The Great SchismThe Great Schism• Split within the Catholic church Split within the Catholic church

between the Italian and French between the Italian and French popespopes

• Effects:Effects:– Greatly weakened the Church’s authorityGreatly weakened the Church’s authority

Interactive Notebook Interactive Notebook ActivityActivity

The Black PlagueThe Black PlagueUsing textbook pages 357-359, Create a WARNING SIGN for the Using textbook pages 357-359, Create a WARNING SIGN for the

Bubonic Plague. Your sign should be a warning to people Bubonic Plague. Your sign should be a warning to people describing the plague.describing the plague.

  Include the Following on Your Warning Sign:Include the Following on Your Warning Sign:

  Causes of the PlagueCauses of the Plague

Where the Plague originated (came from)Where the Plague originated (came from)

Effects of the Plague (symptoms)Effects of the Plague (symptoms)

Death TollsDeath Tolls

Precautions (things you can do to avoid the plague)Precautions (things you can do to avoid the plague)

One pictureOne picture