Warm up

You have 5 minutes after the bell rings to complete the 5 map questions on page 69.

The End of the War

July 18, 1918Second Battle of the Marne

• Germany’s last great offensive strike• Germany was weakened and the allies had

help from the Americans (*which was crucial)

Nov. 9th 1918Kaiser Wilhelm steps down

• German soldiers mutinied b/c they were tired of losing and their leader Wilhelm II fled the country

• Germany becomes a democratic republic, known as the “Weimar Republic”.

Nov. 11, 1918 – Armistice Dayo Germany signs an armistice ending the war o An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to

stop fighting. (doesn’t end the war, just stops the fighting)o Germany agrees to surrender if Wilson uses his 14 points

to negotiate a peace treaty

USA: Woodrow Wilson’s Goals

Fourteen Points – outlined measures to keep the peace after WWI and prevent war

1. No secret alliances 2. Freedom of the Seas3. Free trade7-13. Ensure self-determination for all new nations14. Creation of the League of Nations

Wilson became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation

December 1918German Communist Party tries to take over

Germany but fails.

June 1919 Paris Peace Conference

Led by the “Big 4”

Woodrow Wilson from America

David Lloyd George from Great Britain

Georges Clemenceau from France

Vittorio Orlando from Italy

Great Britain France United States ItalyDavid Lloyd George Georges Clemenceau Woodrow Wilson Vittorio Orlando

make Germany pay reparations for war damages

Wanted:• revenge on

Germany (WWI fought mostly in France)• Security from any

future aggression by Germany with buffer zone between them• Pay reparations for

war damages

The spokesperson for Democracy and a new world of Peace: -Fourteen points to prevent war -League of Nations

Only really there because they had joined the allies and helped win the war

Who was not invited?

»Germany»Russia

Why not?

Treaty of Versailles

The “Big 4” signed individual treaties with each of the Central Powers. The most important one was the treaty with Germany, called the Treaty of Versailles

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles• Signed on June 28th, 1919• Germany forced to pay the Allies $33 Billion in

reparations over 30 years• Article 231 – aka War Guilt Clause – Germany is

forced to take all responsibility for the war• Germany returns Alsace-Loraine to France and

the French border is extended to the Rhine River• Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in

Africa and the Pacific

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles• Germany is– Forbidden to buy or build submarines or have an

airforce– Prohibited from importing or making weapons– Limited in the size of its army (100,000 men max.)(this limiting of weapons/soldiers is know as “military

disarmament”)• Creation of a League of Nations to settle all

international disputes

Results of the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles

Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan feel cheated by the terms of peace

US turns away from international affairs, refuses to join the League of Nations (even though it was their presidents’ idea)

Dissatisfaction with the Treaty and worldwide depression in the 1930s sets the stage for the 2nd World War.

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles