Warm-ups (Ch.7 – 09/13)Warm-ups (Ch.7 – 09/13)

• In 1849, miners discovered a precious substance in California: gold. Within a year, prospectors flocked to California determined to strike it rich.– QUESTION: Write a paragraph explaining

that you have “gold fever” and are headed to California to make your fortune.

Conflict with Conflict with Native AmericansNative Americans

Chapter 7, Section 2Chapter 7, Section 2

Life of the Plains IndiansLife of the Plains Indians

• Buffalo – used every part

• Farmers, hunters and gatherers

• Horses – trading and raids –Nomads – people who travel

from place to place (followed food source)

–Warrior societies

Indian WarsIndian Wars

• Causes of Clashes–Native American traditions: land

was sacred

–Settlers felt justified in taking land b/c they could make it productive

Government PolicyGovernment Policy• Making Treaties

–Produced misunderstandings & fraud• basically took land w/o asking

• Most “Chiefs” didn’t know what they were signing

• Widespread corruption

–Placed Indians on reservations

–Indian react with frustration and anger

Battlefield ChallengesBattlefield Challenges• Soldier’s Life on the Frontier

–$13 a month

–Leftover Civil War uniform

–Rotten food

–Duties: build forts, escort the mail, protect miners, stop gunfights, prevent liquor smuggling and stagecoach robbery and occasionally….fight Indians

The Sand Creek Massacre, 1864The Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

• Players: Southern Cheyenne, Arapaho, Black Kettle, Colonel John Chivington

• Place: Central Plains

• Cheyenne massacres prompt Chivington to kill up to 500 surrendered Cheyenne and Arapaho led by Black Kettle

The Sand Creek Massacre, 1864

Battle of Little Bighorn, 1876Battle of Little Bighorn, 1876• Players: Sioux, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse,

Red Cloud, Lt. Colonel George A. Custer• Place: Northern Plains, Dakota,

Wyoming, and Montana territories• U.S. tries to buy gold-rich Black Hills

from Sioux; talks fail; Custer’s cavalry is sent to round up Sioux, but meets huge enemy force; Custer and some 200 men perish in “Custer’s Last Stand”

The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890

• Players: Sioux, Sitting Bull, U.S. 7th Cavalry

• Place: Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota

• Ghost Dance raises fears of Sioux uprising; Sitting Bull killed in attempted arrest; His followers surrender and camp at Wounded Knee; Shots are fired; some 200 Sioux die

The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890

New PoliciesNew Policies• Attempts to change their culture

–Assimilation: the process by which one society by adopting its culture

–Dawes Act: divided reservation land into individual plots ( In hopes, to make families self-supportive, create pride and ownership.)

– PROBLEM: Most reservation land was unsuitable for farming! Most Indians had no interest or experience in farming

Indians Indians “Civilized”“Civilized”

Indians Indians “Civilized”“Civilized”

Buffalo Buffalo ExterminatedExterminated

Opening Indian TerritoryOpening Indian Territory

• April 22, 1889– Oklahoma Land Rush: Settlers

rushed at the sound of a bugle to find a piece of land

– Boomers: settlers who staked claims

– Sooners: people who sneaked by the government officials to stake their claim

Native Americans See:-

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Pioneers see:-

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