warm water treatments against codling moth larvae in cherries
TRANSCRIPT
Warm Water Warm Water Treatments Treatments
against Codling against Codling Moth Larvae in Moth Larvae in
CherriesCherries
Problem:Problem:
How to standardize the How to standardize the different types of different types of
water baths to allow water baths to allow for comparisons.for comparisons.
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Fru
it C
ore T
em
p. °C
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (Min)
Bath
Probe
48°CRep 3
Lethal TimesLethal Times• Based on heating block Based on heating block
exposuresexposures
• Equivalent timesEquivalent times
• Standardized to 48°CStandardized to 48°C
Variables used for Variables used for calculationscalculations
• Bath temperaturesBath temperatures• Fruit temperatures at Fruit temperatures at
time time tt• Accumulative Accumulative
measurementsmeasurements
Calculating Calculating Lethal TimesLethal Times
LTLT = = 10 10 -(T(t)-T-(T(t)-Trefref)/z)/ztt
00
where where TTrefref = bath temperature = bath temperature
and and zz = 4 = 4
Standardize treatment Standardize treatment temperatures to 48°C temperatures to 48°C
by:by:
Corr. LT= LT/10Corr. LT= LT/10((TTrefref-48°)-48°)
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035
Leth
al
Tim
es
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time (min)
48°C - 12 minRep 3
Lethal Times Lethal Times based based on the equivalenton the equivalent time on Heating time on Heating Block set at 48°C.Block set at 48°C.
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% D
ead
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Corrected LT (min)
Summer 2002Summer 2002
AllAll
Treatment Treatment EquivalentsEquivalents
•48°C, 20 min48°C, 20 min•50°C, 5 min50°C, 5 min•52°C, 2 min52°C, 2 min•54°C, 1 min54°C, 1 min
Treatment ParametersTreatment Parameters
• LoadLoadTotal amountTotal amountAmount per unitAmount per unitFluid capacityFluid capacityConductivityConductivity
Treatment ParametersTreatment Parameterscont.cont.
• Starting temperatureStarting temperature
• Target temperatureTarget temperature
• Holding timeHolding timeIn original containerIn original containerIn separate baths In separate baths
ProblemsProblems• Uniformity--how much Uniformity--how much
variability is acceptablevariability is acceptable• Duplication (replication)Duplication (replication)• Fruit circulation (design)Fruit circulation (design)• Parts for improvementParts for improvement• Lost larvaeLost larvae
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
Fin
al
Tem
p (
°C)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Amps
WaterStart: 20°C
Tap
De-ionized
1 min CaCl2
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
FC
T (
°C)
0 10 20 30 40 50 Fruit #
Cherries6 min
Water Temp.Start: 34.8°CEnd: 55.2°C
43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51
FC
T (
°C)
0 10 20 30 40 50 Fruit #
Cherries2 min
Water Temp.Start: 51.0°CEnd: 52.3°C
How Quarantine How Quarantine Treatments Are Treatments Are
Accepted by Accepted by MAFF-JapanMAFF-Japan
Minimum RequirementsMinimum Requirements**• Least susceptible stageLeast susceptible stage• Demonstration with 30,000 Demonstration with 30,000 • Phytotoxicity testsPhytotoxicity tests• Safety and residue issuesSafety and residue issues• One cultivarOne cultivar• More tests for other cultivars More tests for other cultivars
* Based on MeBr treatments* Based on MeBr treatments