warmup #2 analyze the maps on pgs. 712, 716 & 721. –answer the 2 questions on each of these...
TRANSCRIPT
WarmUp #2
• Analyze the maps on pgs. 712, 716 & 721.– Answer the 2 questions on each of these
pages:•pg. 712: “Europe, 1815”•pg. 716: “The Unification of Italy, 1858-1870”
•pg. 721: “The Unification of Germany, 1865-1871”
Nationalism & Unification
Germany Italy
Causes of unification
State leading unification
Leaders of unification
Methods used to bring about unification
Ruler of unified nations
Aftermath of unification
---using Chapter 24, Sections 1 & 2---
Nationalismin Eastern Europe &
Russia
Austrian Empire• multi-national empire…ruled by the Hapsburg family
– opposed to liberalism– no freedom of press – kept a close watch on universities (…usually, the source
of rebellion & revolt)– revolutions of 1820, 1830 & 1848 led to growing calls for
independence & nationalism• Hungarian Magyars had the most influence• Compromise of 1867
– gave Hungary its own constitution, parliament & capital– still part of the Austrian empire – created a dual monarchy: Austria-Hungary
• problems existed because lots of other national groups wanted recognition or independence, as well
Ethnic Groups in Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire• large multi-national empire in Southeastern Europe &
Southwestern Asia (Middle East)…but in decline since the 1600s• European states worried about the collapse of the Ottoman
Empire & the rise of Russia > Constantinople• Crimean War
– dispute over access to Jerusalem & the Holy Land – France & Great Britain helped the Ottoman Empire vs. Russia– fought for 2 years: “Most Unnecessary War in History”– ended in a stalemate with 500,000 deaths– Florence Nightingale: famous nurse
• Balkan Wars– European countries fighting for dominance– ended with independence for Serbia– ended with Bosnia-Herzegovina, being annexed by Austria
Crimean War
Two Examples of NationalismUse Chp. 24, Sec. 3 to
complete this chart.Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire
Government
Economy ---use the map in the text---
Ethnic Groups
Response to Nationalism
Russia• controlled most land
(Europe into Asia), with many ethnic groups
• the Czars had absolute power & opposed the ideas of the Enlightenment
• not much industrialization, as mostly agricultural: high reliance on serfs
• ideas of reform spread in Russia: Decembrists tried to gain reforms, but were captured & sent to Siberia by Czar Nicholas I
Russian Reaction
• Czar Alexander II: major reformer!– 1861: freed the serfs & gave them land in
communes (wanted a market system = capitalism)– new judicial system with some self-government – reorganized the army & the navy
• radical groups wanted more, so assassinated Alexander II in 1881
• Czar Alexander III– strong personality & reversed father’s reforms– cracked down on the revolutionary groups – Pograms: violent attacks on the Jews
Czar Alexander II
Czar Nicholas II• Czar Nicholas II began industrialization of Russia with the Trans-Siberian
Railroad• 1904: conflict with Japan…lost Russo-Japanese War• January 22nd, 1905: peaceful group of peasants & workers led by priests
walked to the Czar’s palace with demands for reform• Bloody Sunday: Russian troops panicked & fired into the crowd, killing
hundreds of protesters– shocked the people of Russia, causing mass strikes (rebellion vs.
Czar)– peasants rebelled against landlords & students protested in streets
• Nicholas II issued October Manifesto:– promised a constitution– individual liberties– Duma: elected legislative body
• appeased people for awhile, but Nicholas II wanted absolute power, so soon took back the reforms & closed the Duma
Czar Nicholas II
Bloody Sunday
The Russian CzarsNicholas I Alexander II Alexander III
Write the repression or reforms that took place under each of these three czars of Russia, using Chapter 24, Section 4 of the text.
IN-CLASS ASSESSMENT
1. Before the Compromise of 1867, why was the Austrian Empire watching universities?
2. What was the Compromise of 1867?
3. What was the long-term problem within the new Austria-Hungary, in regards to dealing with minority groups in the Empire?
4. Who were the group of reformers who were captured by Czar Nicholas I & sent to Siberia?
5. What is Czar Alexander II most known for?
6. January 22nd, 1905 is known in Russia as _________.