DNDO Overview - All Slides For Public Release

Warren M. SternRevolution in Nuclear Detection Affairs

1333Global Nuclear Detection Architecture (GNDA)

3Challenges of Nuclear DetectionRadiation Emitted by MaterialSome materials self-shield their emitted radiationRadiation Transmitted through Intervening Materials

Radiation Propagates throughEnvironment

Sensor Detects

BackgroundRadiation

Energy Spectra

4Urban variations in background radiation5

Gross Counts x 104In urban environments local variations can be large56Background Challenges: Signal to Noise

Can greatly impact a systems False Alarm Rate and Minimum Detectable Source ActivityBlack: natural background radiationGreen : 1 mCi Cesium-137 source at 300 ft from the detector Red: 1 mCi Cesium-137 source 150 ft from the detector BackgroundBackground + SourceBackground + 4*Source (or Half Distance)

1. Get more signal with a bigger detectorSame source, same background, 30 times larger detector

Very large detectors2. Reduce the backgroundSame source, 10 x less background (imaging or spectroscopic detector)

Quantum-dot activated scintillator and semiconductor detectors3. Make the source brighterSource 10x brighter

Active interrogationEventBring sensor closer distributed sensor nets7Revolution in Military AffairsOffice of Net Assessments in the Office of the Secretary of Defense defines a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA):RMA is a major change in the nature of warfare brought about by the innovative application of new technologies which, combined with dramatic changes in military doctrine and operational and organizational concepts, fundamentally alters the character and conduct of military operations.8Revolution in Military Affairs

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From the laboratory to the field

10Revolution in technology & gamma spectroscopy11

Electronics for a 1964 gamma ray spectrometer

And an even more capable version today

Output device for 1964 gamma ray spectrometer

And an even more capable version today

26,000 bytes in 1964

32,000,000,000 bytes today11Technology Deployments-DHSCBP: 1468 RPMs; 1631 RIIDS; 19432 PRDs 60 mRPMS or mobile systemsUSCG: 6,065 PRDs; 922 Handheld RIIDs 240 Wide-Area Search Backpacks (RADPACKs),8 Advanced RIIDs, 36 Handheld Radiation Monitors (HRMs), 12 Linear Radiation Monitors (LRMs)TSA-VIPR: 275 PRDs; 75 RIIDs; 50 Backpacks

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12Support to S&L and Securing the CitiesDNDO provides technical assistance and program support to state and local rad/nuc detection effortsMobile Detection Deployment UnitsAvailable for S&L Each unit has 48 PRDs; 22 Backpack Systems; RSI700 Mobile Radiation Search Systems; 8 NaI RIIDsSecuring the Cities Program (NYC-region)more than 5,800 pieces of detection equipment trained nearly 11,000 personnelconducted more than a hundred drills

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There is a radiation portal monitor in Georgia, deployed to scan cargo trucks at a weigh station on Interstate 20.

13Next and Future Generation Technology141414Generation

ProductAreaCurrentNext GenerationAdvanced Technology DemonstrationExploratory ResearchStatic systems:Portals and ImagingSpectroscopic systemsImproved radiographyAutomated detection of high-Z Active systems for detection of shielded threats (SNAR)Increased PD and range, decreased FARPassive, automated detection of shielded SNMImproved materials- higher resolution, larger, lower costDetection at speed, virtual tagging of vehicles Improved materials room temperature sensors approaching HPGe, improved electronics, solid state neutron sensors

Mobile systemsBetter capabilitiesIncreased detection rangeBetter materials, better rangeTracking and localizationHand-Held DetectorsRadiation Isotope Identification DeviceRadiation pagers

Directional high-resolution spectroscopic handheld (IPRL)Intelligent networked sensor systems (IRSS)

14Detecting, Identifying, Locating, Tracking15

Radiation ImageCompton ImageOverlayColor CodesThreat RedSuspect YellowMedical BlueIndustrial PurpleNORM Green

Isotope IDCo-60

Range DataRange = 25mCoded Aperture ImageIntelligent Radiation Sensor System (IRSS)Characterize the ability of a system of detectors to improve the detection, identification, and localization of threats as compared to the individual detectorsCharacterize the relative importance of individual detector capabilities: NaI (2x2, 2x1), CZT (imaging and non-imaging), LaBr3 (RadSeeker)Demonstrate search and monitoring capabilities across complex operational environments16networkdeviceraddetectordetector nodewireless meshnetworkbase station(optional)ReachbackCenter

Detector PTU and Measured Heat MapIndoor Measurement Campaign16ConclusionRadiation detection must be part of a broader nuclear security strategyArchitecture should be defined by overall strategyArchitecture options facilitated by technological developmentsRevolutionary changes in detection have occurred in the past two decadesNeed to reinforce these changes with new technology and craft an Architecture that takes advantage of these technological changes.

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