was martin luther right to rebel against the catholic church and form a new religion? essential...
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Was Martin Luther right to rebel against the Catholic Church and form
a new religion?
Essential Question:
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Directions
• Write down text in cream.
• Don’t write down text in yellow.
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The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
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Martin Luther• Born 1483
• Priest & Professor in Wittenberg, Germany
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Selling of Indulgences
1530 Depiction of Selling Indulgences
• Pope Leo X started practice – certificates
issued by Church to reduce or cancel punishment of sins
• Luther didn’t agree with sale of
Indulgences –
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Calls for Reform
• John Wycliffe (1330-1384)– Questioned the authority of the
pope
• Jan Hus (1370-1415)– Criticized the vast wealth of the
Church
• Erasmus (1469-1536)– Attacked corruption in the
Church
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Luther Posts The 95 Theses
• 1517 Luther nailed 95 Theses to door of Church
• Criticized Indulgences & church corruption
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Luther’s Ideas
Collection of Martin Luther’s Writings, 1581
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Luther’s Different Accounts
Young Martin Luther Old Martin Luther
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Reformation Spreads
• Gutenberg’s printing press spreads ideas
• Indulgences sales drop
• Luther continued attacks
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16th Century Europe: The Reformation
Europe in 1560
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Response From Rome
• Pope Leo X sent envoys to end uprising
• Luther refused to stop his criticism
• In 1521 the Pope excommunicated Luther
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Diet of Worms• Council of German princes
• Luther declared a heretic & outlaw
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Peasant Revolt in 1525
• Luther backed princes
• Princes support Luther against Pope
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Catholic Lutheran
• Faith and Good Works
• Ritual and Tradition
• Pope
• Language – Latin
• Faith alone
• literal interpretation of bible
• Did not recognize authority of Pope
• Language – German
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The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism
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Calvin• Wrote The
Institutes of the Christian Religion
• Predestination – God determines the fate of every person
• Popular in Netherlands & Scotland
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Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c
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The Anabaptists
• Baptized adults• No participation in
government• Pacifists• Persecuted went to
America in 1600’s• Quakers, Baptists,
Mennonites, Amish
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The AnabaptistsThe Anabaptists
Dutch persecution of Anabaptists (Mennonites)
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The Catholic Reformation
• Pope Paul III • Council of Trent
1545-1563
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ProtestantChurchesinFrance(Late 16c)
ProtestantChurchesinFrance(Late 16c)
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Religious Persecution
• Jesuits – religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
• missionaries• Inquisition
tortured unfaithful
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St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Slaughter of Huguenots (French Protestants)
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Henri of Navarre defeated Catholic League & becomes Henry IV of France.
In 1598: Granted religious rights to Huguenots
Edict of NantesEdict of Nantes
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Thirty Years War: 1618-1648 (over Religion)
Thirty Years War: 1618-1648 (over Religion)
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Loss of German Lives in 30 Years’ War
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Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Peace of Westphalia (1648) Ruler of each state could determine its
official religion, BUT must permit freedom of private worship.
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ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
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Effects of ReformationEffects of Reformation
• Division within Christian faith
• Religious Wars—30 Years War
• Religious Persecution--Inquisition
• Began Separation of Church & State
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