Waste and district heating in Norway

Jon Tveiten’Managing Director

Norsk Energi

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Organizing of the waste system in Norway

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Waste amounts and recycling rate

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Energy

Recovery of materials

Ban

Other

Biogas

Compost

Household waste by disposal

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Wte ( waste to Energy) plants increase before and after landfillban in 2009

Wte capasity

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Norway  have underc‐apasity on Wte plants and Sweden has  over‐capasitity

• Therefore exsport of waste toSweden

• Waste amount

• Wte capasity

Export of waste to other country

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Sweden have low gate fee,  and are competativ even due to transport cost

• At the same time we import waste from Great Britan by ship to some Wte plants In Norway,.

• Because og high gate fee in Great Britain to landfil and lowWte capasity it can be sheaper to deliver waste to scandinavia by ship.

Wte plants in Norway

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• 17  Wte plant in  Norway   (Most of them over 100 000 t/year)

• They are built mostly built to handle the waste marked , not for production of electrisity

• Nearly all of them are with grate, only two is fluidez bed

• Because of demand of over 60 % energy utiliization to built a Wte plant , new district heating system  had to be implemented .

• Only half of the Wte plant have turbin. ( 445/GWh  year)

• Due to small district heating system , we are cooling to air 17 %  og the energy

Typical heating demand in  DH in Norway

Cooling to air summertime

Wte plants own by the municipalities

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Wte plantsOwn by municipaities

Monopol from the houshold waste from  the owners

Gate fee‐ maximumselfcost for running the Wteplants

Waste from other municipalities and commersial activities

Gate fee – market prize

District heating companies( can be same owner, but

another company)

Price for  thermal energy is decide between thecompanies

Wte plants own by  energy companies

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Wte plant

Household   waste from the localmunicipalities

Waste from other municipalities and commersial activities

Gate fee – marked prize District heating

Gate fee – marked prizeWte plants and ditrict heating system 

own by the same company

District heating in Norway

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Electrisity –hydro power

Energy source ‐ houshold i norway District heating‐under 10 % of theheating market

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

District heating  production GWh/y

Gas‐/diesel oils, heavy fuel oils

Gas

Bio fuel

Electricity

Bark, wood chips and wood1

Waste heat

Waste

RDF plant in Norway

• Only one plant is using only RDF to district heating production in Norway, it is a 30 MW CFB plant in Oslo with hot water production. Gate fee for RDF to plant is about ‐

• Norcem (cement‐factory) is using RDF instead of coal i their cementproduction.

• IT Is planning a new plant in Ranheim with 2*15 MW steam production

• ( 10 Bar) for industrial steam demand and district heating productionnot Turbin.

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Ranheim

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Wte plantOwn by the

fabric

RDF from Norway

RDF abroad

Gate fee – marked prize

Gate fee – marked prize

Own RDF

Gate fee – marked cost

Steam 10 Bar to Fabric

Steam 10 Bar to  dsitrictheating company

Price for  thermal energyis decide between thecompanies

REAS

PP

REASPaper fabric

Thermal system Ranheim

District heatingcompanyRDF RDFElecric boilerGas boiler

2*15 MW steam Ranheim

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• Furncase ‐Grate • Smoketube boiler

• 850 C sek,  deman in Norway to Reduce dioxin

• Sorbalit/ activ coal to reduceS02 and Clorid

• Aminoa‐ to reduce NOx

Steam boiler‐ flue gass Econo‐

mizer Bag filters

Dozingarbsobent

Amoniatank

Oil tank Bottomash Sor‐

balit

Dry ash

2 sek. 850 oC

Ranheim – 3D

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• Due to local enviromentthe silo is separat from the boiler house

• RDT must be shreddedeither by  the supplier, or have the possibility at the plant

• Planned runing time –8000 hours/year

• Total cost 450 mnok‐approx 420 M Euro

• Electromechanical cost235 mnok, approx 0,83 millon Euro/MW

• 2 year building time from contrakt to test periode 

RDF – Fuel specification

• Important to have a proper fuel specification•Heating value 12‐16 MJ/kg•Moisture

Fluid accept (do not transelate) 

Make sure to have a plant that can handle a great fuel flexibility

Tender documents and contract must be accurate and have specific demands else you will end with a diminished solution

Bidders documentation and references must be thoroughly evaluated. Make visits to reference plants

Choose high material quality for all components i direct contact with fuel and ashDo not make fuel and ash systems too complex, the less rotating devices, the betterUse adequate water/steam and flue gas temperaturesConsidered redundant systems ((cranes), pumps, compressors, hydraulics)Choose a high quality combustion filter systemMetal and aluminium separators may be profitableMake the fuel bin large to ensure there is enough space for mixing the fuel

Pay great attention to service access to all components during design phase. Spend time doing thorough 3D coordination and interface control

Robustness

• 100 tons RDF per day =>  environmental impactassesment study is required

• 100 tons/day equals a 12‐13 MW RDF heat plant.

EmissionsNorwegianemissiondemand

Waste

RDF ‐ Contractors

• Few contractors• Contractors have bad financial stands• Several contrators have gone bankrupt during the last years

•Due to the contrators bad financial stands, some contrators might prefer seperatedentreprises in order to reduce own risk •Important to have adequate evaluation criterias•Important to have adequate payment schedules and guarantees/insurences

Good practice

Many interfaces towards construction. Important to define and clarify at an early stage. 

Involve operators in all phases. 

RDV is relatively dry fuel which can some wood powder. Thus, some areas will be defined as explosive, and must be paid attention to in the design. 

Risk analysis, Hazop and explosion assesments must be carried out.  

Tromsø 2*10 MW Waste and RDF

• Finish 2016• 2*10 MW• Grate• Hot water production to districtheating

• Electromechanical cost about 18 Meuro

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Tromsø ‐ Kvitebjørn varme2 x 10 MW waste and RDF