waste final and disposal

8/17/2019 Waste Final and disposal

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“substances or objects which are disposedof or are intended to be disposed of or arerequired to be disposed of by theprovisions of the law”

Disposal means

“any operation which may lead to resource

recovery, recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses

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Any material which is not needed bythe owner, producer or processor.

Classication Domestic waste Factory waste Waste from oil factory E-waste

Construction waste Agricultural waste Food processing waste Bio-medical waste uclear waste


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!olid waste- vegetable waste, itchen waste,

household waste etc! domestic, commercial andindustrial wastes especially common as co-disposal of wastes

"#amples$ plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

E-waste- discarded electronic devices lie computer,

%&, music systems etc!

"i#uid waste- water used for di'erent industries egtanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants

$lastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, bucets etc!

%etal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc!

uclear waste- unused materials from nuclear powerplants


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Bio-degradable

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and

others)

on-biodegradable

cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, oldmachines,

cans, styrofoam containers and others)

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&a'ardous wastes!ubstances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped,transported to or brought from the country of originfor dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, anypart of the territory of the $hilippines

on-ha'ardous

!ubstances safe to use commercially, industrially,agriculturally, or economically that are shipped,transported to or brought from the country of originfor dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, anypart of the territory of the $hilippines


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&ouseholds

Commerce and(ndustry

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Agriculture

Fisheries

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*!+ million tonnes of haardous waste

ne .q m of additional landll area every-year

/s 0122 crore for treatment 3 disposal ofthese wastes

4n addition to this industries discharge about

052 million tonnes of high volume low haardwaste every year, which is mostly dumped onopen low lying land areas!

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest


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$rimarily by the city municipality-6o gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses, polybags, paper shreds etc-Dumps these wastes to the city outsirts

"ocal raddiwala ) *abadiwala +ag pic*ers-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets-Collecting glass bottles-Collecting paper for recycling

%CD- !ophisticated DW% +Delhi Waste%anagement ehicle


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Cloudburst in 7umbai (+225) clogged thesewage line due to large no! of plastic bags

8last in the 8husan .teel factory at 6oida,

caused due to imported scrap from 4ran

/eduction in the number of migratory birdsdue to consumption of contaminated foods

.tray animals dying on streets and farmlanddue to consumption of plastic bags, whichblocs the food movement in their stomach


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A/ects our health A/ects our socio-economic conditions

A/ects our coastal and marineenironment

A/ects our climate

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0&0s are accumulating in Earth1s atmosphere

ising global temperatures

Changing regional climates could alter forests, cropyields, and water supplies.

2his could also a/ect human health, animals, andmany types of ecosystems.

Deserts might e3pand into e3isting rangelands, andfeatures of some of our national par*s might bepermanently altered.

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Actiities that hae altered the chemical composition of theatmosphere4

-Buildup of 0&0s primarily carbon dio3ide +C56 methane

+C&7, and nitrous o3ide +68.

-C86 is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil

fuels, wood and wood products, and solid waste.

-C&7 is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in

land9lls, the raising of liestoc*, and the production and

transport of coal, natural gas, and oil.

-86 is emitted during agricultural and industrial actiities,

as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.(n :;


18/52Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials


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Composting 8iological degradation of organic material under

aerobic conditions! Energy

Combustion (re, steam)

9asication (syngas, methanol) :naerobic decomposition (methane, ethanol) Demanufacturing

Disassembly and recycling of obsolete consumerproducts!

euse /eusable glass container maes an average of 05

round-trips between factory and customer before ithas to be recycled!


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ReduceReuse

Recycle

The “Three R’s”

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(in order of their desirability)


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%he best way to reduce our waste stream is

to produce less waste E3cess pac*aging of food and consumer

products is one of our greatest sources ofunnecessary waste!

$hotodegradable plastics brea downwhen e#posed to ;& rays!

Biodegradable plastics can bedecomposed by microorganisms!

%here are problems with photodegradableand biodegradable plastics, eg, don’t degrade completely , littering is considered ok with these degradable

products


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Although most industrialied nations in the

world have agreed to stop shippingha'ardous and to3ic waste to lessdeeloped countries, the practice stillcontinues!

%o#ic wastes are sometimes “recycled” asbuilding materials, fertilier or soilamendments!


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euse

- euse corrugated moing bo3es internally.

- euse o>ce furniture and supplies, such as

intero>ce enelopes, 9le folders, and paper.

- =se durable towels, tablecloths, nap*ins, dishes,cups, and glasses.

- =se incoming pac*aging materials for outgoingshipments.

- Encourage employees to reuse o>ce materialsrather than purchase new ones.

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$redominant method of waste disposal in

deeloping countries (llegal dumping problems

0roundwater contamination, air pollution,

pest and health ha'ards


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29.ource$ %he 4ndependent


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!andfills "ost co""on "ethod of #astedis$osal % chea$ and conenient'

$en $its no longer acce$table'

Co"$le i"$er"eable botto" layers to tra$conta"inants

*aily de$osits are coered by layer of dirt'

Methane gas and leachate "onitoring #ells


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Waste *is$osal Methods (cont+d)


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%ore than :,688 of the :,?88 e3istingland9lls in the =.!. hae closed .

%any ma@or cities must export theirtrash. 33

$ ( )


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Sanitary

Landfills


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%ass Burn - "verything smaller thanmajor furniture and appliances loadedinto furnace!

Creates air pollution problems!

efuse-Deried Fuel - /efuse is sortedto remove recyclable and unburnablematerials!

=igher energy content than raw trash!

/educes disposal volume by >2-?2@! /esidual ash sent to landlls and usually contains

to#ic material!


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Mass%,-rn .arbage/ncinerator

Mass%,-rn .arbage/ncinerator


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7ass burnincineration

:ir pollution

Aaste toenergy


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Contains at least one to#ic compound Catches re easily /eactive or e#plosive

Corrodes metal containers


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What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home?


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What Harmful Chemicals Are in Your Home?

Cleaning

0 *isinfectants

0 *rain toilet and

#indo# cleaners

0 $ot re"oers

0 e$tic tan3 cleaners

Paint

0 !ate and oil%based $aints

0 4aint thinners solents

and stri$$ers

0 tains arnishes

and lac-ers

0 Wood $reseraties

0 rtist $aints and in3s

eneral

0 *ry cell batteries

("erc-ry and cad"i-")

0 .l-es and ce"ents

ardening

0 4esticides

0 Weed 3illers

0 nt and rodent 3illers

0 lea $o#ders

Automoti!e

0 .asoline

0 sed "otor oil0 ntifreee

0 ,attery acid

0 olents

0 ,ra3e and trans"ission

fl-id

0 R-st inhibitor and

r-st re"oer


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Ahat is ha'ardous waste<

- Discarded material containing substancesnown to be ignitable, corrosive, e#plosive orreactive, fatal, to#ic, mutagenic,carcinogenic, or teratogenic to humans or

other life forms!May contain either hazardous or toicmaterial!

7ost haardous waste comes from chemical

products industries

2o3ic e-waste from inadequate, or

:rac3ing ;aardo-s Wastes


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:rac3ing ;aardo-s WastesToxic Release Inventory

Cradle to Grave


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Broduce ess Aaste:void creating wastes in the rst place/euse and /ecycle

Convert to ess =aardous.ubstances

Bhysical %reatment ( %ie-up or 4solation)4ncinerationChemical Brocessing ( %ransformation)8ioremediation (7icroorganisms)


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.tore Bermanently

/etrievable .torage

Can be inspected and periodicallyretrieved!

.ecure andlls

7odern, comple# landlls withmultiple liners and otherimpervious layers and monitoring

systems!


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Bhysical methods Chemical methods 8ioremediation

Bhytoremediation Blasma incineration


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ead

paint, gasoline, pipes, accumulates in soil andwater

neurological damage, slows brain development,idney disorders children especially vulnerable

7ercury paint, batteries, old thermometers, industrial

processes, combustion of coal, dental llings,contaminated historical mining sites

damages brain, idneys, developing fetus,learning disabilities, death with high doses


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:rsenic treated wood, industrial processes,

contaminated soil and water impairs organ, heart, and blood functions

damages nervous system

BC8s (Bloycholorinated biphenyls) industrial chemical (used in re retartands,

lubricants, insulation for electricaltransformers, some printing ins)

carcinogenic, birth defects, lower 4E, learningdisabilities, impairs neurological development


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Conduct outreach program adoptingan ecologically sound wastemanagement system which includes4

waste reduction

segregation at source

composting

recycling and re-use

more e>cient collection

more enironmentally sound disposal

waste final and disposal

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