waste management conceptfor low income countries

IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries

September 2015

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 1

1 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015

Waste Management Waste Management Concept forConcept for

Low Income CountriesLow Income CountriesInstitute of Waste Management

Erwin Binner MSc.Erwin Binner MSc.BOKUBOKU--UniversityUniversity / Vienna/ Vienna

Institute of Waste ManagementInstitute of Waste Management

Marion Huber-HumerGudrun Obersteiner

Maxim AkhmadievPeter BeiglErwin BinnerMarlies HradGünther KrausPeter LechnerSabine LenzPeter MostbauerFlorian PartAlexandra Pukhnyuk Roland RamuschStefan SalhoferSilvia ScherhauferElisabeth SchmiedFelicitas SchneiderMargarete StaudnerBenjamin Steuer

Nina DegischerThomas EbnerReinhold OttnerZorica Stamenkovic

Anna HappenhoferChristian HochhauerAleksander JandricJulia Zeilinger


Outlook

Waste Management Concept

Example Austria

Different Waste Composition

Adequate Waste Management Concept

Other Things Important for Peru

Conclusions


September 2015



Waste Management in Austria (and EU)1990 Waste Management Law (BGBL. I-102/2002)

prevention

reuse

recycling

energetic recovery

treatment + disposal

Priorities (5R):


production

use

recycling

residualwaste use?

biogasbiogas

Waste Management ConceptMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW)

recycling

compostinganaerobic treatment

soil

thermal treatment

thermal treatment

composting

MSW incineration landfill 4

landfill 5

anaerobic treatment

biogenousresources

resources

con-sumption

production

recycling

separatecollectedbiowaste

separatecollection

SS

SS = sewage sludge

MBT = mechanical biological pretreatment

excavated soil

Inert wastes and construction and demolition waste

reuse

recycling

landfill 1

landfill 2+3

MBT

landfill 6


September 2015



Waste TreatmentTreatment Costs

90 – 332thermal treatment

18 – 133mechanical-biological pretreatment

8 – 240landfilling

costs in Europe (€/t Input)

treatment of residual waste

costs are varying strongly, depending on legal requirements, applied technology and capacity

Treatment of residual waste in Europe - comparison

source: Putz, 2005


Waste Composition in Peru

textile2%

fines26%

metal2%

glass3%

wood1%

plastic4%

leather<1%paper

7%

source: Analisis sectorial de residuos solidos 1998

very different to Austriaagain the local situation is to be

known

organic waste55%

31%

MSW Composition

2009 (different sources)

organic waste (Peru):48 to 55%

2009 (different sources)

organic waste (somedistricts):up to 78%


September 2015



500 - 800!low income countries

Global WarmingGas Formation Potential of Landfills

gas formation: 150 – 300 m3/t DM

time frame for gas formation is between 20 and > 50 years

org. fraction in waste content C-content

[kg/t WM] [kg C/t WM]

bio waste 250 – 350 45

paper, card board 220 – 320 80

wood, textiles, leather, compounds

50 – 150 30

plastics 70 – 140 70

WM ... wet matter

DM ... dry matter

>> !!


prognosis: until 2025 50% increase;

because of reactor landfills in USA, low income countries and developing countries

2000 2025

+ 50%

Global Warming CH4 Emissions (World)


September 2015



Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries – Bio Waste

Lima 2012, photo: Erwin Binner


15% decrease during the last 10 years because of separate collection of biowaste (Bio-Bin)

1990 2001

- 15%

Global Warming CH4 Emissions (Austria)


September 2015



effect of Source Separation in Austria 1989 versus 1999

Co

llect

i on

Sys

t em

s

31

638

3

Austria1989

disposalresidual & bulky waste271 kg / inh.a (86%)

disposalresidual & bulky waste193 kg / inh.a (55%)

recyclingrecyclables, biogenic waste

190 kg / inh.a (45%)

recyclingrecyclables, biogenic waste

44 kg / inh.a (14%)

Austria1999

Reference: Federal Waste Management Plan 2001

Waste Recycling

information public relationsteaching childrensimple system

by


Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries – Sep. Collection

Lima 2012, photo: Erwin Binner


September 2015



Waste Management Concept for Low Income Countries

biological treatment

(open windrow)

shredding (<250 mm)

valuable compounds

manual sorting

49%

20%30%

MSW100 %

residual waste

49%

bio bin(sep. collect.)

49%

29%

anaerobic(2-3 weeks)

44%

5%energy 49%

aerobic(16-20 weeks)20%CO2

10%CO2

recycling

20%

(plastic, paper, metals, glass,…)landfill

20%

less gas and leachate, less volume

agriculture

25%

organic substance (humus)nutrients (N,P,K,..)

positive soil effectsless landfill gas

2%hazardous compounds


Waste ManagementImportant for Peru

high quality compost

definition of quality requirements(soil protection) regulation!

reduction of landfilled waste (amount)

reduction of organics in landfilled waste (reactivity)

separate collection of biowaste:


September 2015




different types (depending on waste)

prevention of emissions (reduction of

reactivity, bottom liner)

treatment of emissions (leachate, gas)

regulations for landfills:

long term behaviour !!long term behaviour !!



prevention(substitution, producer responsibility!)

separate collection

adequate treatment (reuse, recycling, chemical/physical, thermal, disposal)

regulations for hazardous wastes:

long term behaviour !!long term behaviour !!


September 2015




waste catalogue

hazardous wastes

limit values and methods for analyses (wastes, compost, landfill behavior, leaching tests, soil, water, atmosphere)

important standards (norms) for Peru:


Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries - Conclusions

simple technique:low investment costs, low running costs, independency from industrialised countries (spare parts, service)

high efficiency (cost/benefit value)(low leachate and gas emissions and low costs)


September 2015




simple implementation:possibly a problem may be separate collection of recyclables collected resources might be stolen

informal sector should be kept in mind: scavengers may get jobs in sorting-, composting- and MBT-plants



look to industrialised countries:

learn from their experiences

do not repeat their mistakes

do not copy their systems and techniques

adapt them for your local conditions


September 2015



“Sustainable MBT-Landfill”

0,5 m non calcareous gravel

1-2 m mature compost

Miscantus

mechanical-biologicalpretreated waste

drainage system for surface runoff“free leachate discharge”

landfill liner (DVO)

Muchas Gracias por Su Atención

Muchas Gracias por Su Atención

[email protected]://www.wau.boku.ac.at


Low Tech MBTLow Tech MBT


September 2015



Mechanical Biological PretreatmentLow Technique Systems

SAB / Salzurg, 2008 photo: Erwin Binner



Katsdorf / UA, 1976photo: Erwin Binner


September 2015


26 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015Aich Assach / Styria, 1984


Allerheiligen / Styria, 1984 photo: Erwin Binner



2010, photo: Johannes Tintner


September 2015




1996, photo: Erwin Binner


Mechanical Biological PretreatmentWindrow Turning Machines

2010, photo: Johannes Tintner

waste management conceptfor low income countries

Documents

abfboku erwin binner

ct wmbio waste

waste content ccontentkgt

europe comparisonsource

things important

sewage sludgembt

thermal treatment18

m3t dmtime frame