Waste Management

Waste management

Icelandic International Development Agency (ICEIDA)

Iceland

United Nations University Fisheries Training Programme (UNU-FTP)

Iceland

National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA)

Sri Lanka

Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DFAR)

Sri Lanka

Quality and safety issues in fish handling-----

A course in quality and safety management in fishery harbours in Sri Lanka

NARA, DFAR, ICEIDA and UNU-FTP

Content

• Typical waste types

• Waste streams

• Pollutants and contaminants

• Waste minimization and treatment

• Pest control

Learning objectives

After this lecture the participants will be familiar with:• typical waste streams and their origin• waste management in general and some specific

suggestions for the harbours• how to implement effective pest control

Typical waste types at harbour

• Fish offal and blood water

Video fish offal on floor and fishwaste

Video pumping from hold

Oil & Grease

Diesel, kerosene

burning oil and oil spillVideo waste oil and fish

Oil spill - general images

Toxic solid waste

• Non toxic solid waste

Polythene, Regiform particles, Nets, water , bottles, used cans, food packing item, food particles..

Open dump asbestos

Sewage and grey waste

Sewage is produced by human activities at the harbour and boats which typically contains washing water, laundry waste, faeces, urine and other liquid or semi-liquid wastes. It is one form of wastewater.

• Dredging spoils

Typical waste streams

Pollutants and contaminants

Microbiological

Chemical

Oil pollution

Microbiological contaminants

• Coliform bacteria

• Feacal coliforms

• E.coli

• Salmonella

Parameter

Sample Location

APC (cfu/ml)

Coliforms (MPN/ml)

Faecal coliforms (MPN/ml)

E. coli (MPN/ml)

Salmonella Vibrio cholera

1

5.8*104

1800+

1800+

1800+

Positive

ND

2

6.0*103 1800+ 1800+ 225 Positive ND

3

3.0*102 130 130 25 ND ND

4

3.8*103 1600 550 350 Positive ND

5

4.2*103 1800+ 1800+ 1600 Positive ND

6

4.2*103 1800+ 1800+ 1600 Positive ND

Microbiological quality of water measured by NARA in Beruwala harbour basin

Chemical pollutants

Heavy metals

Pesticide residues

Residues of cleaning and disinfectant agents

Metal Toxicity To

Human Fish

As Very-High Very-High

Cd Medium Medium

Pb High Medium

Hg High High

•

• Waste reduction

• - Proper handling of fish

• Re-use

• - Burn oil (engine oil) used for other purpose

• Recycling

• - Plastic bags and paper used for recycling

•

Waste minimization process and treatment

Waste Collection - Waste Containers

Outer container with cover

Metal \ Plastic Container with lid Metal barrel

Burn oil barrels

Oily waste and oil spills

• Oil pollution occurs in harbour basins when

• leaks from shore facilities for the supply of diesel fuel to fishing vessels find their way into the harbour water

• when vessels pump out oily bilge water in port• when used engine oil is dumped overboard • when an accident results in leakage of fuel oil.

Oily waste and oil spills, cont.

• To mitigate oil pollution, the fishery harbour manager should take necessary action to:

• Provide shore-based reception facilities for oily wastes (bilge water and spent oil) from vessels and

• Minimise leaks while bunkering

Dumping outside the harbour basin Video – waste management

Collection by the municipal council

Waste disposal

Fish offal ( by fishmeal or fish silage)

Solid fish waste is inevitable in a fishery harbour.

This may consist of :

• discarded by catch (small fish of no commercial value)

• viscera from the gutting of medium to large fish

• fish heads and trimmings from the cutting of large fish.

Besides the health implications of this material decomposing within the harbour area, it also attracts pests, flies and domestic animals.

Fishmeal

Is a valuable source of protein for livestock and contains useful quantities of nutrients, vitamins and minerals.

Raw material for fish meal production:1. should be reasonably fresh as spoilt fish may reduce

the nutritional value of the fish meal

2. certain tropical fish (like puffer fish) contain toxins and should be excluded

3. must not be collected off the ground (free of sand and mud)

Fish silage

As an alternative use of fish waste and offal, fish silage for animal feed is another possibility.

Main advantage :

1. low energy and capital cost. Energy is required only to grind the fish and mix it with formic acid (2 - 3 %)

2. manufacture is not accompanied by an unpleasant odour

Waste water treatment

• Good drainage system for waste water

• Natural purification:

Sedimentation

Filtration

Purification before release

• Septic tanks

Pest control – current

• So many dogs and crows are on the piers and in the auction halls

• There is food for pests (Fish offal on the floor)

• No fence around the harbour premises• • No pest control system

Video – dog in auction hall Video – crows Video – Fish offal on floor

• All food (fish waste) should be put in waste bins and not on the floor

• Fences around the harbour premises must be properly maintained

• A pest control program should be in effect and properly implemented

Pest control – improvement

Pest control program• Pests such as rats, mice, birds, insects, dogs and cats, should

be kept off the harbour premises at all times.

• All insecticides and fumigants should be used: - In accordance with the manufacturer's

recommendations and government regulations -In a manner that does not risk contamination of

product

References

• Report of the expert consultation on cleaner fishery harbours and fish quality assurance (2000), Bay Of Bengal Programme (BOBP), Chennai, India.

• R. Ravikumar, (1993). Guidelines for Cleaner Fishery Harbours, Bay Of Bengal Programme (BOBP), India.