Waste Minimization

Workshop Guidance and Sourcebook

Southern States Energy Board

July 1990

RECEIVE

JUL 20 1990

S. C. Dept. of liealth & Environmental Contro/~Bureau of Solid & Hazardous

Waste Management

Waste Minimization

Workshop Guidance and Sourcebook

Southern States Energy Board <$

July 1990

$ $

<$ $ <$

Table of Contents

Preface ..................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ............................................................................................ 7

Section I: Assessing the Need for a Workshop ...................................... 8

Preliminary Sumey ............................................................................ 8 11 11

Establishing Goals and Objectives ..................................................... Determining the Target Audience .......................................................

Section XI: Re-Workshop Planning ........................................................ 12

Selecting a Workshop Coordinator ..................................................... 12 In-House Support Staff ...................................................................... 12 Establishing a Calendar of Implementation ........................................ 16 Budgeting and Finance ...................................................................... 16 Use of Outside Presenters .................................................................. 17 Selecting the Meeting Site .................................................................. 17 Travel Arrangements ......................................................................... 19 Marketing .......................................................................................... 19

Section III: Curriculum Development ...................................................... 21

Workshop Structure .......................................................................... 23 Teaching Techniques ......................................................................... 24

Section IV: Post Workshop Activities .................................................... 26

Evaluating the Worksho .................................................................. 26 Meeting Minutes and Re P ated Material ............................................... 29 Final Details ...................................................................................... 29

Notes ........................................................................................................ 31

Appendix A Programs and Contacts ........................................................ A-1

Appendix B Audio-visual Materials Bibliography ..................................... B- 1

Appendix C Waste Exchanges and Waste Minimization Clearinghouses .. C- 1

Appendix I) Selected Bibliography .......................................................... D- 1

Appendix E Annotated Bibliography ....................... ; ............................... E-1

Table of Contents

Preface .................................................................... e. •••••• •••••••••• ••••••• •••••••• 1

Introduction ......................................... s. ................................................... 7

Section I: Assessing the Need for a Workshop ...................................... 8

Preliminary- Surv-ey ..................................... f" ••• ••• •••••••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• 8 Establishing Goals and Objectives ..................................................... 11 Determining the Target Audience ....................................................... 11

Section D: Pre-Workshop Planning ........................................................ 12

Selecting a Workshop Coordinator ..................................................... 12 In-House Support Staff ...................................................................... 12 Establishing a Calendar of Implementation ........................................ 16 Budgeting and Finance ...................................................................... 16 Use of Outside Presenters .................................................................. 17 Selecting the Meeting Site .................................................................. 17 Travel Arrangements ......................................................................... 19 MaT'ketlng ........................................................................................... 19

Section m: Curriculum Development ...................................................... 21

Workshop Structure ........................... 1o................................................ 23 Teaching Techniques ......................................................................... 24

Section IV: Post Workshop Activities .................................................... 26

Evaluating the Workshop .................................................................. 26 Meeting Minutes and Related Material ............................................... 29 Final Detai.1s ...................................................................................... 29

Notes ............... ........ ................................................................................. 31

Appenc:Ux A Programs and Contacts ........................................................ A-I

Appenc:Ux B Audio-visual Materials Bibliography ..................................... B-1

Appenc:Ux C Waste Exchanges and Waste Minimization Clearinghouses .. C-l

Appendix D Selected Bibliography .......................................................... D-l

Appenc:Ux E Annotated Bibliography ....................... ~............................... E-l

Table of Figures and Tables

pygurc! 1 Waste Management Hierarchy ................................................. 5

Figure 2 Pre-Workshop Assessment Survey .......................................... 9

Figure 3 Meeting Check List ................................................................. 14

F’igure 4 Sample Evaluation Form ......................................................... 27

Table 1 Hazardous Waste Managed by Industry .................................. 3

Table of Figures and Tables

Figure 1 Waste Management Hierarchy................................................. 5

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Table 1

Pre-Workshop Assessment Survey.......................................... 9

Meeting Check List ................................................................. 14

Sample Evaluation Form ......................................................... 27

Hazardous Waste Managed by Industry .................................. 3

Preface

Over the past two decades, we have become painfully aware of the seriousness of the solid and hazardous waste disposal problems facing the country. The well publicized events at Times Beach in Missouri and Love Canal in New York have focused public attention on the waste disposal dilemma. In like manner, public attention has increasingly focused on what one offlcial called "the insupportable drain on natural resources presented by millions of tons of trash" that industry and consumers throw away every day.

The Department of Energy reports that the United States currently produces 160 million tons of municipal solid waste per year.' This figure is expected to increase to 193 million tons by the year 2000. Moreover, as of 1985, U.S. industry produced over 275 million tons of hazardous waste.2

The period of industrial growth following World War I1 brought about a sigruficant increase in the generation of solid and hazardous wastes. This rise in the level of household, municipal, commercial and industrial refuse was a direct result of post war economic expansion that was, in turn, brought about by consumer demand for new products and services.

Beginning with the passage of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965, the Resource Recovery Act of 1970 and the subsequent passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in 1976, Congress sought to regulate the treatment and disposal of waste. However, mounting evidence on the negative impact of existing disposal methods on human health and the environment made it abundantly clear that treatment, storage and disposal would not in and of themselves remedy the hazardous and solid waste dilemma.

The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to RCRA are the legislative genesis of a bold new concept in environmental protection--waste minimization. Waste minimization is defined as the reduction of any solid or hazardous waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored or disposed of. It focuses on source reduction and recycling activities designed to reduce the volume and toxicity of wastes.

The prominent place accorded to waste minimfia tion in EPA's waste management strategy represents a shift in emphasis away from control and clean-up toward reducing the generation of waste at the source. I t is estimated that with a successful research and development effort, about 75 percent of all current wastes, discharges and emissions could be eliminated within 10 to 20 years.3

1

Preface

Over the past two decades, we have become painfully aware of the seriousness of the solid and hazardous waste disposal problems facing the country. The well publicized events at Times Beach in Missouri and Love Canal in New York have focused public attention on the waste disposal dilemma. In like manner, public attention has increasingly focused on what one official called "the insupportable drain on natural resources presented by millions of tons of trash" that industry and consumers throwaway eveIY day.

The Department of Energy reports that the United States currently produces 160 million tons of municipal solid waste per year. 1 This figure is expected to increase to 193 million tons by the year 2000. Moreover, as of 1985, U.S. industry produced over 275 million tons of hazardous waste.2

The period of industrial growth following World War II brought about a Significant increase in the generation of solid and hazardous wastes. This rise in the level of household, municipal, commercial and industrial refuse was a direct result of post war economic expansion that was, in turn, brought about by consumer demand for new products and services.

Beginning with the passage of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965. the Resource RecoveIY Act of 1970 and the subsequent passage of the Resource Conservation and RecoveIY Act (RCRA) in 1976. Congress sought to regulate the treatment and disposal of waste. However, mounting evidence on the negative impact of existing disposal methods on human health and the environment made it abundantly clear that treatment, storage and disposal would not in and of themselves remedy the hazardous and solid waste dilemma.

The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to RCRA are the legislative genesis of a bold new concept in environmental protection--waste minimization. Waste minimization is defined as the reduction of any solid or hazardous waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored or disposed of. It focuses on source reduction and recycling activities designed to reduce the volume and tOxicity of wastes.

The prominent place accorded to waste minimization in EPA's waste management strategy represents a shift in emphasis away from control and clean-up toward reducing the generation of waste at the source. It is estimated that with a successful research and development effort, about 75 percent of all current wastes, discharges and emissions could be eliminated within 10 to 20 years.3

1

The pivotal role of pollution prevention through waste minimization recently proclaimed by President Bush saying:

'We've broken new ground by declaring that pollution prevention is our ultimate goal. For too long we've focused on clean-up campaigns and penalties after the damage is done. It's time to reorient our policies to technologies and processes that reduce or prevent pollution--to stop it before it starts. In the 1990s pollution prevention must start at the s ~ u r c e . " ~

was

William K. Reilly, administrator of EPA, underscored the Administration's position by stating that "...pollution prevention must become a fundamental part of all our activities, all our initiatives and all our economic growth."'

Waste "iza tion techniques are operational and technological changes that lead to less pollution and waste. Generators can reduce the volume and toxicity of wastes by implementing measures such as inventory management, improved operating practices, equipment modifications, production changes and recycling and reuse. Inventory management and improved operations involve the purchase of fewer toxic and more non-toxic materials as well as better record keeping for all raw materials. Equipment modification includes a range of activities from employing production machinery that produces less waste to redesigning existing equipment or production lines. Production process changes involve substituting non-hazardous for hazardous materials and segregating wastes by type for subsequent recovery. The reuse and recycling of waste products may be accomplished by installation of a closed-loop system or off-site activity.

According to Joel S. Hirschhom, senior associate, Office of Technology Assessment, pollution prevention, including waste " b a t i o n , will allow industry to 'I.. .obtain improved environmental protection and increased industrial efficiency, profitability and competitiveness."6 Properly implemented, these

ques can save money, assure compliance with environmental regulations, reduce the potential liability of waste generators and improve an organization's public image.

Waste " f i a t i o n reduces the pressure on existing treatment and disposal es. This is particularly important since federal regulations have limited or

greatly restricted land based disposal of wastes and M e r limited those substances that are legally available for landfill disposal. Land ban restrictions on untreated waste, more stringent standards on surface impoundments and new restrictions on hazardous waste tanks have combined to substantially increase the cost of treating, transporting and disposing of hazardous waste. In addition,

2

The pivotal role of pollution prevention through waste minimization was recently proclaimed by President Bush saying:

'We've broken new ground by declaring that pollution prevention is our ultimate goal. For too long we've focused on clean-up campaigns and penalties after the damage is done. It's time to reorient our poliCies to technologies and processes that reduce or prevent pollutlon--to stop it before it starts. In the 1990s pollution prevention must start at the source. ,,4

William K. Reilly, administrator of EPA. underscored the Administration's position by statlng that" ... pollution prevention must become a fundamental part of all our activities, all our initiatives and all our economic growth. ,,5

Waste minimization techniques are operational and technolOgical changes that lead to less pollution and waste. Generators can reduce the volume and toxicity of wastes by implementing measures such as inventory management, improved operatlng practices. equipment modifications. production changes and recycling and reuse. Inventory management and improved operations involve the purchase of fewer toxic and more non-toxic materials as well as better record keeping for all raw materials. Equipment modification includes a range of activities from employing production machinery that produces less waste to redesigning existing eqUipment or production lines. Production process changes involve substltutlng non-hazardous for hazardous materials and segregatlng wastes by type for subsequent recovery. The reuse and recycling of waste products may be accomplished by installation of a closed-loop system or off-site activity.

According to Joel S. Hirschhorn, senior aSSOCiate. Office of Technology Assessment, pollution prevention, including waste minimization, will allow industry to " ... obtain improved environmental protection and increased industrial effiCiency, profitability and competitiveness. ,,6 Properly implemented. these techniques can save money. assure compliance with environmental regulations. reduce the potential liability of waste generators and improve an organization's public image.

Waste minimization reduces the pressure on existing treatment and disposal facilities. This Is particularly important since federal regulations have limited or greatly restricted land based disposal of wastes and further limited those substances that are legally available for landfill disposal. Land ban restrictions on untreated waste. more stringent standards on surface impoundments and new restrictions on hazardous waste tanks have combined to substantially increase the cost of treating. transporting and disposing of hazardous waste. In addition,

2

pretreatment and effluent limitations are increasing the cost of compliance with water quality standards. The following table provides a breakdown of hazardous waste generated by industrial sector.

Table 1

Hazardous Waste Managed by Industry* (percent of annual total)

Industrial sector 1981 1983 1985

Petroleum mining 3 12 7 Fabricated metals 2 10 1

Primary metals 2 1 0.5 Electrical equipment 2 18 1

Transportation equipment 6 1 1

Chemical 68 48 80

Nonelectrical machinery 10 2 0.5

Subtotal 93% 92% 9 1% Total hazardous waste generated nationally (millions of tons)+ 264 266 275

Source: Interim report: National En- Strategy, U.S. Department of Energy, (DOE/S-0066P), April 1990. p. 166.

The potential hancial liability accruing from waste disposal practices is another source of concern for generators. Improper management of waste, on-site or off-site, could result in liability for a generator under RCRA's system of "cradle to grave" responsibility. Even in the absence of an accident, insurance premiums are likely to increase for generators of hazardous waste.

EPA has established a hierarchy of four waste management options (See Figure 1). At p of this hierarchy is source reduction. It involves lessening the volume o ity of wastes produced. Reducing the toxicity of waste will make implementation of other waste management options safer. For example, reducing the level of certain toxic constituents in municipal waste, such as lead

3

pretreatment and effiuent limitations are increasing the cost of compliance with water .quaUty standards. The following table provides a breakdown of hazardous waste generated by industrial sector.

Table 1

Hazardous Waste Managed by Industry* (percent of annual total)

Industrial sector 1981 1983

Chemical 68 48

Petroleum mining 3 12

Fabricated metals 2 10

Primwy metals 2 1

Electrical equipment 2 18

Transportation eqUipment 6 1

Nonelectrical machinery 10 2

Subtotal 930/0 92%

Total hazardous waste generated nationally· (millions of tons)· 264 266

Source: Interim report: National Energy Strategy. U.S. Department of Energy. (DOE/S-0066P). April 1990. p.166.

1985

80

7

1

0.5

1

1

0.5

91%

275

The potential financial liability accruing from waste disposal practices is another source ofconcem for generators. Improper management of waste. on-site or off-site. could result in liability for a generator under RCRA's system of "cradle to grave" responsibility. Even In the absence of an accident. insurance premiums are likely to increase for generators of hazardous waste.

EPA has established a hierarchy of four waste management options (See Figure 1). At the top of this hierarchy is source reductlon. It involves lessening the volume or toxiCity of wastes produced. Reducing the toxicity of waste will make implementatlon of other waste management optlons safer. For example, reducing the level of certain toxic constltuents in municipal waste. such as lead

3

and cadmium, will lessen the pollution potential of landfill leachate and combustion stack emissions and increase the safety of recycling associated waste products. Effective source reduction also slows the depletion of environmental resources.

Recycling, the second option in the waste management hierarchy, involves the reformation of manufacturing by-products into commercially useful materials

- gs produced in the manufacture of textiles are extremely useful in supplying the rag content for paper and wiping cloths.

Treatment, third on the list of management options, is any method, technique or process that changes the physical, chemical or biological character of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize the waste or make it less hazardous. Landfa disposal is the management option of last resort. Within EPA’s integrated waste management system each option is intended to operate in conjunction with other options.

It is important to note that existing legislation and regulation in this area is geared toward voluntary implementation. Rather than mandating the use ofwaste reduction and recycling techniques, EPA has undertaken the task of educating generators on the benefits of waste minimization. In accordance with the FY90 workplan for pollution prevention, EPA will be working with waste generators in an effort to persuade the business community to adopt a philosophy of pollution prevention.’ This philosophy advocates the practicality of reducing the amount of waste generated, recycling where appropriate and the treatment and eventual disposal of remaining waste.

EPA has proposed the establishment of a pollution prevention outreach program whereby regular inspectors, trained in the basic tenants of pollution

n, will provide generators with handout materials containing infomation n of an in-house pollution prevention program. The agency’s business

outreach effort will be further enhanced by incorporating pollution prevention in future settlement agreements with generators and employing retired scientists and engineers to provide technical assistance to industry. EPA’s program includes a public outreach component designed to educate private citizens on techniques for eliminating or reducing the amount or toxicity of the waste they generate. The

’s public outreach effort also includes development of a speakers bureau, of a pollution prevention cumculum for school student grades 1- 12 and

support for industry sponsored consumer awareness programs that identifv waste “ b a t i o n opportunities in consumer packaging.

that might otherwise be combusted or landfilled. For example, irregular

4

and cadmium. will lessen the pollution potential of landfill leachate and combustion stack emissions and increase the safety of recycling associated waste products. Effective source reduction also slows the depletion of environmental resources.

Recycling. the second option in the waste management hierarchy, involves the reformation of manufacturing by-products into commercially useful materials that might otherwise be combusted or landfilled. For example, Irregular trimmings produced in the manufacture of textiles are extremely useful in supplying the rag content for paper and wiping cloths.

Treatment, third on the list of management options, is any method, technique or process that changes the physical, chemical or biological character of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize the waste or make it less hazardous. Landfill disposal is the management option of last resort. Within EPA's integrated waste management system each option is intended to operate in conjunction with other options.

It is important to note that existing legislation and regulation in this area is geared toward voluntary implementation. Rather than mandating the use of waste reduction and recycling techniques, EPA has undertaken the task of educating generators on the benefits of waste minimization. In accordance with the FY90 workplan for pollution prevention. EPA will be working with waste generators in an effort to persuade the business community to adopt a philosophy of pollution prevention.7 This philosophy advocates the practicality of reducing the amount of waste generated, recycling where appropriate and the treatment and eventual disposal of remaining waste.

EPA has proposed the establishment of a pollution prevention outreach program whereby regular inspectors, trained in the basic tenants of pollution prevention, will provide generators with handout materials containing information on creation of an in-house pollution prevention program. The agency's business outreach effort will be further enhanced by incorporating pollution prevention in future settlement agreements with generators and employing retired sCientists and engineers to provide technical assistance to indUStry. EPA's program includes a public outreach component designed to educate private citizens on techniques for eliminating or reducing the amount or toxicity of the waste they generate. The agency's public outreach effort also includes development of a speakers bureau, creation of a pollution prevention curriculum for school student grades 1-12 and support for industry sponsored consumer awareness programs thatidentlfywaste minimization opportunities in consumer packaging.

4

Figure 1

WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

5

Figure 1

WASTE MANAGEMENT mERARCHY

MATERlAL/PRObucr CHANGE

-·:).·~·>···.:·'.··.··.:·:.::t··2;a:em.:.:.i:.~«~ .••.................................................................•...•.............•........... ...•......•. BESTAVAILABI.:ETECHNOWGY

.•.•....••...•. ············L()~STAC~ABLE.RESIDUALS

'-: .... -......... .; .

.... :.:.: .. : ...... ":":' ." -':-:;> .. .

............ .......•.•••.... ).

"'-.. ~-WEtLINJECl10N

5

WASTE MINIMIZATION

(RCRA)

WASIEREDUC110N­.POLLlJITON PREVENfTON

......... . (A1R.. WATER; SOUD ANDHA2ARDOUS)

POu;urrON C()NTROL

In recent years, new legislative initiatives have demonstrated Congress’ continued concern for the country’s waste disposal problem. The Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling Act of 1989 (S. 11 12),8 introduced in the last congressional session, mandated the establishment of source reduction and recycling goals, clearinghouses for solid waste information and education and a trust fund for municipal solid waste reduction and recycling. H.R 1457, also introduced last session, proposed to create a mechanism to encourage voluntary waste reduction through state administered grant programs, clearinghouses and information to generators.’ This bill also called for a waiver of permit requirements for generators of some types of waste. Lastly, the Waste Minimization Control Act of 1989 (S. 1 1 13) called for the initiation of a number of programs and policies designed to stimulate waste “&ition efforts including the development of

tion, specific mini“ tion goals, creation of an office of waste “ma establishment of a waste reduction clearinghouse and appointment of a-federal waste reduction officer. lo

State governments also have a significant stake in the ultimate success of waste “&ation efforts. The Comprehensive Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), prohibits the use of Superfund money in states that are taking insufficient steps to avoid the creation of future Superfund sites. The act requires states to submit documentation to EPA showing that there is adequate disposal capacity either within or outside the state in accordance with an interstate or regional agreement to manage hazardous waste generated within the state over the next 20 years, Waste minimization can make a substantial contribution to a state’s capacity assurance effort by reducing the amount of waste that is generated.

Many states have initiated their own waste minimization efforts in the form of statewide pollution prevention programs. These programs have been described as “win-win” strategies that help the private sector while furthering the public interest, According to the Southern Growth Policies Board, pollution prevention programs, including waste minimization, can be a crucial element in reducing the amount of hazardous waste for which capacity must be provided and demonstrate the state’s commitment to reduce waste. l 1

. .

6

In recent years, new legislative initiatives have demonstrated Congress' continued concern for the country's waste disposal problem. The Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling Act of 1989 (5. 1112),8 introduced in the last congressional seSSion, mandated the establishment of source reduction and recycling goals, clearinghouses for solid waste information and education and a trust fund for municipal solid waste reduction and recycling. H.R 1457, also introduced last seSSion, proposed to create a mechanism to encourage voluntary waste reduction through state administered grant programs, clearinghouses and information to generators.9 This bUl also called for a waiver of permit requirements for generators of some types of waste. Lastly, the Waste Minimization Control Act of 1989 (5. 1113) called for the initiation of a number of programs and poliCies designed to stimulate waste minimization efforts including the development of specific minimization goals, creation of an office of waste minimization, establishment of a waste reduction clearinghouse and appointment of 'a- federal waste reduction officer. lo

State governments also have a significant stake in the ultimate success of waste minimization efforts. The Comprehensive Response, Compensation and Uability Act (CERCLA) , as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), prohibits the use of Superfund money in states that are taking insufficient steps to avoid the creation of future Superfund sites. The act requires states to submit documentation to EPA showing that there is adequate disposal capacity either within or outSide the state in accordance with an interstate or regional agreement to manage hazardous waste generated within the state over the next 20 years. Waste minimization can make a substantial contribution to a state's capacity assurance effort by reducing the amount of waste that is generated.

Many states have initiated their own waste minimization efforts in the form of statewide pollution prevention programs. These programs have been deSCribed as "win-win" strategies that help the private sector while furthering the public interest. According to the Southern Growth PoliCies Board, pollution prevention programs, including waste minimization, can be a crucial element in reducing the amount of hazardous waste for which capacity must be provided and demonstrate the state's commitment to reduce waste. 11

6

Introduction

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the most signiAcant technical barrier to waste minimization is the lack of suitable engineering information on and recycling techniques. Similarly, EPA has

nal and technical eving the goal integrated waste s publication is intended to provide

on workshop with the

Section I covers factors impacting the initial decision to conduct a workshop, including the creation of a needs assessment survey and the idenmeation of a target audienc ection I1 deals with pre-workshop planning issues ranging from

a support staff to marketing. Section I11 addresses the substantive ste "ha tion workshops. This section highlights the

s of general and industry-specific presentations and stimulate the active participation of the group. Section op activities designed to assess the overall effectiveness

e need for futu rkshops. Additionally, the nsive listing oks, articles, audio-visual

, clearinghouses and programs on waste minimization and related

d as a ready reference for any organization considering sponsorship of a waste minimization workshop. The information and advice contained herein is equally valuable as an organizational and teaching tool for groups conducting in-house waste minimization sessions and organizations soliciting attendees from industry, educational institutions or the general public.

fficient delivery of edu

ed in sponsoring a waste

7

Introduction

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. the most significant technical barrier to waste minimization is the lack of suitable engineering information on source reduction and recycling techniques. SimUarly. EPA has identified the development and effiCient delivery of educational and technical guidance as a primary means of achieving the goal of an integrated waste management system. To that end. this publication is intended to provide organizations interested in sponsoring a waste minimization workshop with the guidance needed to conduct an effective and informative meeting.

Section I covers factors impacting the initial decision to conduct a workshop, including the creation of a needs assessment survey and the identification of a targt;t audience. Section II deals with pre-workshop planning issues ranging from selection of a support staff to marketing. Section III addresses the substantive aspects of developing waste minimization workshops. This section highlights the necessary components of general and industry-specific presentations and discusses techniques to stimulate the active participation of the group. Section N concerns post-workshop activities designed to assess the overall effectiveness of the session and determine the need for future workshops. Additionally. the appendices contain a comprehensive listing of books. articles. audio-visual materials. clearinghouses and programs on waste minimization and related issues.

This publication is deSigned as a ready reference for any organization considering sponsorship of a waste minimization workshop. The information and advice contained herein is equally valuable as an organizational and teaching tool for groups conducting in-house waste minimization sessions and organizations soliCiting attendees from industry. educational institutions or the general public.

7

Section I. Assessing the Need for a Workshop

PreU"ry Survey

Whether an interest group, trade association or government agency, the fist task for an organization considering sponsorship of a waste " h a t i o n workshop is to determine whether there is s d c i e n t interest and need for a workshop. This is an industryand region-speciflc determination. Planners should assess whether a particular industrial sector has a signiftcant problem. In all likelihood there will be few regions or industries benefit from a reduction in the amount of waste generated. participation of a given group may depend on their perception of the p

determining the need for and level of interest in a minimization workshop. The information obtained through this assessment will also allow the planner to detennine how the curriculum should be structured. Survey data will show whether members of the target audience have programs in place and indicate the existing level of waste reduction activity. Moreover, the data ga survey will show the extent to which companies easily-implemented techniques into more complex strategies.

organizations and should be designed to stimulate candid responses to relevant questions. Ideally, a written survey should be used. However, time constraints may dictate that the survey be conducted by telephone,

ple survey is provided as Figure 2. This sample serves only as a guide in drafting an effective survey. Each survey should be tailored to meet the needs of the speciflc client group.

However, the

A pre-workshop assessment may be employed to assist the

This survey should be directed to key personnel or dep

8

Section I. Assessing the Need for a Workshop

Preumtnary Survey

Whether an interest group, trade association or government agency, the first task for an organization considering sponsorship of a waste minimization workshop is to detennine whether there is sufficient interest and need for a workshop. This is an industry and region-specific detennination. Planners should assess whether a particular industrial sector has a Significant waste disposal problem. In all likelihood there will be few regions or industries that would not benefit from a reduction in the amount of waste generated. However, the participation of a given group may depend on their perception of the problem.

A pre-workshop assessment may be employed to assist the planner in determining the need for and level of interest in a minimization workshop. The information obtained through this assessment will also allow the planner to detennine how the Curriculum should be structured. Survey data will show whether members of the target audience have programs in place and indicate the existing level of waste reduction activity. Moreover, the data gathered from the survey will show the extent to which companies have proceeded beyond easily-implemented techniques into more complex and costly analysis-driven strategies.

This survey should be directed to key personnel or departments in affected organizations and should be designed to stimulate candid responses to relevant questions. Ideally, a written survey should be used. However, time constraints may dictate that the survey be conducted by telephone.

A sample survey is provided as Figure 2. This sample serves only as a guide in drafting an effective survey. Each survey should be tailored to meet the needs of the specific client group.

8

Pre-Workshop Assessment Smey*

1. Does your company or organization have a waste reduction program in place?

If yes, does your waste reduction program include the following elements: Top management involvement Yes Accurate waste accounting Yes No

No -

2. Are your employees trained in waste reduction techniques?

3. I s your company treating hazardous wastes on site?

Yes No

4. Is your company achieving substantial cost saving due to lowering volume and/or toxicity of wastes?

No - Yes

If so, cite the source of such savings:

Reduced disposal fees Yes No - Reduced pollution liability Yes No - insurance

Yes No - Other

5. Does your company participate in a waste exchange?

9

Figure 2

Pre-Workshop Assessment Survey·

1. Does your company or organization have a waste reduction program in place?

Yes No __

If yes, does your waste reduction program include the following elements:

• •

Top management involvement

Accurate waste accounting

Yes __ No __

Yes __ No __

2. Are your employees trained in waste reduction techniques?

Yes No __

3. Is your company treating hazardous wastes on site?

Yes No --4. Is your company achieving substantial cost saving due to lowering volume and/ or

toxicity of wastes?

Yes No __

If so, cite the source of such savings:

•

•

•

Reduced disposal fees

Reduced pollution liability insurance

Other

Yes __ No __

Yes __ No __

Yes __ No __

5. Does your company participate in a waste exchange?

Yes No __

9

6. Has your company conducted a waste reduction assessment?

Yes No - If so, when

Ust, in general terms, the actions taken as a result of the assessment.

7. Has the company made any recent technological changes to reduce the generation of wastes?

yes - No -

If so, please list.

8. Would you like more information on how to reduce waste?

*Adapted from Industry Preassessment Checklist Packet, Waste Reduction Assessment and Technology " f e r Training Manual.

10

6. Has your company conducted a waste reduction assessment?

Yes No __ _

If so, when _____________________________________________ _

Ust, in general terms, the actions taken as a result of the assessment.

7. Has the company made any recent technological changes to reduce the generation of wastes?

Yes No ___ _

If so, please list.

8. Would you like more information on how to reduce waste?

Yes No __

*Adapted from Industry Preassessment Checklist Packet, Waste Reduction Assessment and Technology Transfer Training Manual.

10

Establishhg Goals and Objectives

After a n a l w g the responses obtained in the preliminary survey and determining the need for and interest in a workshop, the planner should next establish goals and objectives for the workshop.

The ability to clearly articulate objectives is a necessary component of the marketing effort. In the context of waste minimization, objectives should be expressed as benefits that will accrue to the attendee and his organization such as saving money, assuring compliance with environmental regulations, reducing potential legal liability and improving their organizations' public image.

Determining the Target Audience

Likely target audiences for industry applications of waste "iza tion techniques include the following:

e furniture e chemicals and allied products e machinery e transportation equipment e motor freight transportation e petroleum and coal products e primary metals e construction e fabricated metal products 0 electric and electronic equipment e gas and sanitary services.

These industries have been cited by EPA as the highest volume waste generating industries. l2 In addition, the target audience may include government agencies and industries dealing with food products, textile products, furniture, concrete products and business services.

1 1

EstabUshlng Goals and Objectives

Mer analyzing the responses obtained in the preliminary survey and determining the need for and interest in a workshop. the planner should next establish goals and objectives for the workshop.

The ability to clearly articulate objectives is a necessary component of the marketing effort. In the context of waste minimization. objectives should be expressed as benefits that will accrue to the attendee and his organization such as saving money. assuring compliance with environmental regulations, reducing potential legal liability and improving their organizations' public image.

Determining the Target Audience

Likely target audiences for industry applications of waste minimization techniques include the follOwing:

• furniture

• chemicals and allied products

• machinery

• transportation eqUipment

• motor freight transportation

• petroleum and coal products

• primary metals

• construction

• fabricated metal products

• electric and electrOniC eqUipment

• gas and sanitary services.

These industries have been cited by EPA as the highest volume waste generating industries. 12 In addition, the target audience may include government agencies and industries dealing with food products. textile products. furniture. concrete products and business services.

11

The marketing effort should target the decisionmaker who is, in fact, paying the registration cost of the prospective attendees. Registration costs are generally paid by organizations that send their employees to leam skills or gather information beneficial to the work of the organfiation rather than the actual participants.

Section 11. Pre-Workshop Planning

Once it has been determined that there is sufficient interest to justlfy conducting a workshop for a particular target audience, the "nuts and bolts" of putting the session together can begin. This pre-workshop planning phase is vital to the success of the workshop. A poorly planned workshop has little chance of meeting its desired goals even with the most knowledgeable speakers and the best materials. Conversely, a well planned session seems to take on a life of its own, ensuring the meanin*l and effective participation of the attendees.

Selecting a Workshop Coordinator

The first phase of pre-workshop planning involves the selection of a workshop coordinator. This selection may precede the needs assessment described in Section I. In some instances a sponsoring organization may be sufficiently confident of the need for a workshop to go forward without conducting a needs assessment. In either event, once the "go" signal has been given, a coordinator must be put in place immediately to begin addressing the seemingly infinite number of details that must be addressed.

The workshop coordinator should be a person with some prior knowledge of the subject either from a technical, legal or administrative perspective. Ideally, the coordinator would have considerable administrative experience and some knowledge of meeting planning techniques. This type of experience can be invaluable in avoiding some of the unseen and unwritten conditions that will inevitably arise.

In-House Support Staff

Depending on the size and complexity of the proposed workshop and its stated objectives, the coordinator may find it necessary to enlist the services of one or more persons as support staff. The staff should possess the experience

12

The marketing effort should target the decisionmaker who is, in fact, paying the registration cost of the prospective attendees. Registration costs are generally paid by organizations that send their employees to learn skills or gather infonnation beneficial to the work of the organization rather than the actual participants.

Section II. Pre-Workshop Planning

Once it has been detennined that there is suffiCient interest to justify conducting a workshop for a particular target audience, the "nuts and bolts" of putting the session together can begin. This pre-workshop planning phase is vital to the success of the workshop. A poorly planned workshop has little chance of meeting its deSired goals even with the most knowledgeable speakers and the best materials. Conversely, a well planned session seems to take on a life of its own, ensuring the meaningful and effective participation of the attendees.

Selecting a Workshop Coordlnator

The first phase of pre-workshop planning involves the selection of a workshop coordinator. This selection may precede the needs assessment deSCribed in Section I. In some instances a· sponsoring organization may be sufficiently confident of the need for a workshop to go forward without conducting a needs assessment. In either event, once the "go" signal has been given, a coordinator must be put in place immediately to begin addressing the seemingly infmite number of details that must be addressed.

The workshop coordinator should be a person with some prior knowledge of the subject either from a technical, legal or administrative perspective. Ideally, the coordinator would have conSiderable administrative experience and some knowledge of meeting planning techniques. This type of experience can be invaluable in avOiding some of the unseen and unwritten conditions that will inevitably arise.

In-House Support Staff

Depending on the size and complexity of the proposed workshop and its stated objectives,· the coordinator may find it necessary to enlist the services of one or more persons as support staff. The staff should possess the experience

12

and enthusiasm to implement the plans of the coordinator. Good communication skills, writing skills, flexibility and a positive attitude are attributes n e c e s s q for a successful staff.

For a coordinator operating with a support staff the first activity is to assign functions to individuals or groups of staff members. These assignments should take advantage of the talents and experience of each individual. While considerable overlap of functions should be expected, even desired, it is important to clearly spell out the necessary tasks and each individual's role in their accomplishment.

For example, the coordinator may .wish to delegate some or all of the major tasks to the support staff. The following is a breakdown of potential tasks:

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3 Financing

Task 4 Marketing

Task 5 Transportation and Entertainment

Developing a site for the workshop

Arranging presenters for the meeting

All of these tasks will be discussed in succeeding sections in greater detail. Each task involves completion of numerous subtasks. Developing a site for the workshop will include subtasks such as arranging for audio-visual equipment and meals. The degree of overlap among these functions is to some extent desirable and serves to create a system of checks and balances that ensures coverage of all the details necessary to conduct a well-planned, well-presented workshop. Failure to cover even the most minute detail can have a negative effect on the workshop. A presentation can be severely compromised by a malfunctioning slide projector or the burned out light bulb in an overhead projector. The Meeting Check List (Figure 3) or some equivalent form should be used to ensure that all major d e w s have been covered. In meeting planning, Murphy's Law should remain uppermost in the staffs mind--if anything thing can go wrong--it usually will.

13

and enthusiasm to implement the plans of the coordinator. Good communication skills. writing skills. flexibility and a positive attitude are attributes necessary for a successful staff.

For a coordinator operating with a support staff the first activity Is to assign functions to individuals or groups of staff members. These assignments should take advantage of the talents and experience of each individual. While considerable overlap of functions should be expected. even deSired. it is important to clearly spell out the necessary tasks and each individual's role in their accomplishment.

For example. the coordinator may:wish to delegate some or all of the major tasks to the support staff. The following is a breakdown of potential tasks:

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5

Developing a site for the workshop

Arranging presenters for the meeting

Financing

Marketing

Transportation and Entertainment

All of these tasks will be discussed in succeeding sections in greater detail. Each task involves completion of numerous subtasks. Developing a site for the workshop will include subtasks such as arranging for audio-visual equipment and meals. The degree of overlap among these functions is to some extent deSirable and serves to create a system of checks and balances that ensures coverage of all the details necessary to conduct a well-planned. well-presented workshop. Failure to cover even the most minute detail can have a negative effect on the workshop. A presentation can be severely compromised by a malfunctioning slide projector or the burned out light bulb in an overhead projector. The Meeting Check List (Figure 3) or some equivalent form should be used to ensure that all major details have been covered. In meeting planning. Murphy's Law should remain uppermost in the staffs mind--if anything thing can go wrong--it usually will.

13

Obtain facility Confirm date/facility Add meeting to meeting calendar Purchase order to hotel Purchase order for audiovisual or other needs Preliminary discussion with hotel sales office Preliminary discussion with audiovisual staff Preliminary discussion with catering department Mailing list/labels for invitations to meeting Registration card for hotel Meeting registration card Mail invitation letter Name badges Name tents Agenda Request city information &om Convention Bureau

siw Evaluation forms Handouts Registration list

Figure 3

Meeting Check List*

Name of Meeting Date(§)

Date Completed/Comments on Progress

14

Obtain facility

Confinn date/facility

Add meeting to meeting calendar

Purchase order to hotel

Purchase order for audiovisual or other needs

Preliminary discussion with hotel sales office

Preliminary discussion with audiovisual staff

Preliminary discussion with catering department

Mailing list/labels for invitations to meeting

Registration card for hotel

Meeting registration card

Mail invitation letter

Name badges

Name tents

Agenda

Request city information from Convention Bureau

Signs

Evaluation forms

Handouts

Registration list

Figure 3

Meeting Check List·

NameofMeeting ________________________ _ Date(s) _______________ _

Date Completed/Comments on Progress

14

Hotel reservations for staff Supplies for on-site Literature for literature table Ship supplies and literature Final discussion with hotel

Room set-up Audiovisual Catering Final hotel count Phone numbers for on-site Other

Final conformation letter to hotel Meeting with hotel staff *Adapted from Meeting Coordination Packet, Battelle Project Management Division

15

Hotel reservations for staff

Supplies for on-site

Uterature for literature table

Ship supplies and literature

Final discussion with hotel

Room set-up

Audiovisual

Catering

Final hotel count

Phone numbers for on -site Other ____________ _

Final conformation letter to hotel

Meeting with hotel staff

·Adapted from Meeting Coordination Packet. Battelle Project Management Division

15

Establishing A Calendar of Implementation

Once the preliminary work under each task has begun, the coordinator should establish a calendar for implementation of all required tasks. This calendar should establish realistic time frames with sufficient flexibility to allow for unanticipated delays. The calendar should be distributed for review to all staff members and continually updated to account for changed circumstances.

Budgeting and Finance

One fundamental consideration in producing a waste " k a t i o n workshop is cost. Cost is the engine that drives the other components of the conference. The following represents a partial list of cost items associated with conducting a workshop.

e Planning

e Development of the workshop

0 Designing and writing brochures e

e

Preparing the workshop manuals and handouts

Preparing and implementing the marketing campaign

0 Registering attendees

e Presenting the workshop

e Printing and mailing e

e Refreshments

Meeting room and equipment rental

e Staff Travel

A portion of these costs can be spread over subsequent sessions, thus reducing the cost per workshop. If several workshops are planned, consideration should be given to marketing the entire schedule, thereby reducing the unit cost.

16

EstabUshing A calendar of Implementation

Once the preliminary work under each task has begun. the coordinator should establish a calendar for implementation of all required tasks. This calendar should establish realistic time frames with sufficient flexibility to allow . for unanticipated delays. The calendar should be distributed for review to all staff members and continually updated to account for changed circumstances.

Budgeting and Finance

One fundamental consideration in producing a waste minimization workshop is cost. Cost is the engine that drives the other components of the conference. The following represents a partial list of cost items associated with conducting a workshop.

• Planning

• Development of the workshop

• Designing and writing brochures

• Preparing the workshop manuals and handouts

• Preparing and implementing the marketing campaign

• Registering attendees

• Presenting the workshop

• Printing and mailing

• Meeting room and equipment rental

• Refreshments

• Staff Travel

A portion of these costs can be spread over subsequent sessions. thus reducing the cost per workshop. If several workshops are planned. conSideration should be given to marketing the entire schedule, thereby reducing the unit cost.

16

Registration fees for most seminars range from $95.00 to $300.00 per day with $200.00 per day as an average rate. The lower end of the scale applies to sessions dealing with topics such as office skills and writing, while the higher priced workshops generally pertain to technical or professional topics. At least one expert suggests excluding a paid lunch from the agenda since it will rarely result in additional attendees. Moreover, the existence of lunch on the agenda may suggest to some attendees that the registration fee is substantially higher than it should be.

Use of Outside Presenters

A prime consideration in planning the workshop is the decision to use in-house personnel or outside experts as presenters. Obviously where staff members have expertise in a particular agenda topic their use as presenters can be both informative and cost effective. Where there is insufficient expertise or scheduling conflicts among key personnel, outside presenters must be used. This may take many forms, from paid consultants to government or industry officials appearing free of charge. In the context of waste minimization, that probably means securing the services of a representative of EPA or a state waste minimization program as a presenter. In addition, there are a number of industry and trade associations involved in waste minimization activities. Appendix A provides a partial list of potential presenters. Such speakers generally appear without cost or for a small honorarium, seeking primarily to make themselves and their professional expertise known to the target audience.

Selecting the Meeting Site

A number of difficult decisions must be made by the workshop coordinator regarding selection of a location for the meeting. For a workshop drawing from a statewide or regional audience, the first site selection decision involves the choice of a host city. This can prove to be a critical factor since selection of an undesirable location can result in reduced attendance. Conversely, selection of an attractive, desirable locale can stimulate attendance. The selected city should be readily accessible by air and automobile. Cities with a favorable climate and desirable cultural attractions also serve to enhance attendance.

The second phase in the selection process involves choosing the actual site for the workshop. F st the coordinator must choose the type of facility where the meeting is to be held. This is to a large extent dependent upon the type of workshop being conducted and the budgetary constraints on the sponsor. A civic

7

17

Registration fees for most seminars range from $95.00 to $300.00 per day with $200.00 per day as an average rate. The lower end of the scale applies to sessions dealing with topics such as office skills and writing. while the higher priced workshops generally pertain to technical or professional topiCS. At least one expert suggests excluding a paid lunch from the agenda since it will rarely result in additional attendees. Moreover. the existence of lunch on the agenda may suggest to some attendees that the registration fee is substantially higher than it should be.

Use of Outside Presenters

A prime consideration in planning the workshop is the decision to use in-house personnel or outside experts as presenters. Obviously where staff members have expertise in a particular agenda topic their use as presenters can be both informative and cost effective. Where there is insuffiCient expertise or scheduling conflicts among key personnel, outside presenters must be used. This may take many forms. from paid consultants to government or industry offiCials appearing free of charge. In the context of waste minimization. that probably means securing the services of a representative of EPA or a state waste minimization program as a presenter. In addition. there are a number of industry and trade aSSOCiations involved in waste minimization activities. Appendix A provides a partial list of potential presenters. Such speakers generally appear without cost or for a small honorarium, seeking primarily to make themselves and their professional expertise known to the target audience.

Selecting the Meeting Site

A number of difficult decisions must be made by the workshop coordinator regarding selection of a location for the meeting. For a workshop drawing from a statewide or regional audience. the first site selection decision involves the chOice of a host city. This can prove to be a critical factor since selection of an undeSirable location can result in reduced attendance. Conversely, selection of an attractive, deSirable locale can stimulate attendance. The selected city should be readily accessible by air and automobile. Cities with a favorable climate and desirable cultural attractions also serve to enhance attendance.

The second phase in the selection process involves choosing the actual site for the workshop. ~st the coordinator must choose the type of facUity where the meeting is to be held. This is to a large extent dependent upon the type of workshop being conducted and the budgetary constraints on the sponsor. A civic

17

association or similar group with limited resources may wish to investigate the possibility of holding the workshop in the meeting room of a public library or government office building. Such facilities may be reserved at little or no cost. Conducting the meeting in such a setting could result in additional cost savings since the organization can use its own or commercially leased audio-visual equipment at rates lower than those charged by a hotel or conference center.

It is important to keep in mind the type of workshop and its objectives. A waste minimization workshop is likely to be a technically oriented, no frills, how-to type of workshop with sessions lasting from one to two days. Consequently, siting the workshop in a luxury hotel with extensive amenities may do little to stimulate attendance.

If a decision is made to pursue a hotel facility for the workshop, establishing a short list of acceptable locations will help direct and focus the selection. The most desirable sites will feature a convenient location, sensible prices, access to necessary equipment, good food and a cooperative professional staff. A site visit to all the facilities on the list is strongly advised. Examine the condition of the possible meeting rooms, observe the capabilities and enthusiasm of the hotel staff, look at the condition of the sleeping rooms and check the taste, quality and timeliness of the food service. Site inspections also offer the opportunity to establish a rapport with the hotel staff.

Once a meeting facility has been chosen, an estimate of the expected attendance should be conveyed to the hotel representative. The estimate should be a number somewhere between the minimum and maximum possible attendance. Factors such as actual attendance figures from previous meetings and level of pre-paid fees should be considered in arriving at an estimate.

Additionally, the coordinator should use the attendance estimate to "block1 the necessary number of sleeping rooms. At some point the hotel will request that names be assigned to the rooms blocked. However, it may be possible to block a few additional rooms in the organization's name for a few days if the situation dictates. In regard to room rates, negotiation is the key. The hotel may grant some discount based on the total revenue generated by the meeting and the possibility of additional revenue from subsequent meetings. If the expected audience contains government employees be sure to inquire whether the hotel has a special government rate.

At the sponsor's request the hotel may either reserve or guarantee sleeping rooms for arrival at a specified time. If a room reservation is "guaranteed" for late arrival and is not cancelled by the specified time, the charge may be assessed. Conversely, if the room is only "reserved" for specified arrival time, the room will be rented if the guest has not registered by the specified time.

18

association or similar group with limited resources may wish to investigate the possibility of holding the workshop in the meeting room of a public library or government office building. Such facUities may be reserved at little or no cost. Conducting the meeting in such a setting could result in additional cost savings since the organization can use its own or commercially leased audio-visual equipment at rates lower than those charged by a hotel or conference center.

It is important to keep in mind the type of workshop and its objectives. A waste minimization workshop is likely to be a technically oriented, no frills, how-to type of workshop with sessions lasting from one to two days. Consequently, siting the workshop in a luxury hotel with extensive amenities may do little to stimulate attendance.

If a decision is made to pursue a hotel facUity for the workshop, establishing a short list of acceptable locations will help direct and focus the selection. The most deSirable sites will feature a convenient location, sensible prices, access to necessary equipment, good food and a cooperative professional staff. A site visit to all the facilities on the list is strongly advised. Examine the~ condition of the possible meeting rooms, observe the capabilities and enthUSiasm of the hotel staff, look at the condition of the sleeping rooms and check the taste, quality and timeliness of the food service. Site inspections also offer the opportunity to establish a rapport with the hotel staff.

Once a meeting facility has been chosen. an estimate of the expected attendance should be conveyed to the hotel representative. The estimate should be a number somewhere between the minimum and maximum possible attendance. Factors such as actual attendance figures from previous meetings and level of pre-paid fees should be conSidered in arriving at an estimate.

Additionally, the coordinator should use the attendance estimate to "block" the necessary number of sleeping rooms. At some point the hotel will request that names be assigned to the rooms blocked. However, it may be possible to block a few additional rooms in the organization's name for a few days if the situation dictates. In regard to room rates, negotiation is the key. The hotel may grant some discount based on the total revenue generated by the meeting and the pOSSibility of additional revenue from subsequent meetings. If the expected audience contains government employees be sure to inquire whether the hotel has a special government rate .

. At the sponsor's request the hotel may either reserve or guarantee sleeping rooms for arrival at a specified time. If a room reservation is "guaranteed" for late arrival and is not cancelled by the specified time, the charge may be assessed. Conversely, if the room is only "reserved" for specified arrival time, the room will be rented if the guest has not registered by the speCified time.

18

Charges for meeting rooms range from ~ e e to $1000.00. depending on the size of the room and type of setup. Rates should be clearly set forth in a written contract or invoice. As with sleeping room rates, the hotel will likely agree to a negotiated price that takes into consideration all revenue producing activities of the workshop and the potential for future bookings.

Negotiations between the hotel contact and the coordinator also should include discussion of the audio-visual equipment needed for the workshop. Here again, arrangements vary from hotel to hotel. Some facilities require that equipment be rented from the hotel and will not permit outside equipment to be used. Many hotels maintain the most basic equipment and allow guests to use their own or will rent and setup equipment for a fee. Items that may be required by the various workshop presenters include overhead, 16" or carousel slide projectors, video cassette recorders, flip charts, screens, podiums, microphones, sound systems and chalkboards. The coordinator should determine each presenters equipment needs and ensure their availability.

Travel Arrangements

Presenters and attendees may wish to make their travel arrangements through one or more travel agencies. Such agencies can coordinate airline departures and arrival dates and times to get the lowest possible rates. If the services of a travel agent are not available, the airline of choice should be contacted to secure the best possible rate. The ability to secure reasonable fares can have a direct effect on attendance. Excessive transportation costs can cause potential attendees on limited budgets to forgo attendance.

Marketing

Whether the workshop is conducted as a profit-making venture or a not-for-profit service, marketingwill be a key element in the success of the meeting. Section I touched upon the need to identify the general target audience. Now begins the process of identifving individuals and organizations and soliciting their attendance. Every other aspect of workshop planning pales in comparison to the need to aggressively and effectively market the workshop. The most knowledgeable and stimulating speakers, the most current materials and the most comfortable meeting room will be wasted ifthe workshop does not attract sumcient attendance.

19

Charges for meeting rooms range from free to $1000.00. depending on the size of the room and type of setup. Rates should be clearly set forth in a written contract or invoice. As with sleeping room rates, the hotel will likely agree to a negotiated price that takes into consideration all revenue producing activities of the workshop and the potential for future bookings.

Negotiations between the hotel contact and the coordinator also should include discussion of the audio-visual eqUipment needed for the workshop. Here again, arrangements vary from hotel to hotel. Some facilities require that eqUipment be rented from the hotel and will not permit outside eqUipment to be used. Many hotels maintain the most basic eqUipment and allow guests to use their own or will rent and setup eqUipment for a fee. Items that may be required by the various workshop presenters include overhead, 16mm or carousel slide projectors, video cassette recorders, flip charts, screens, podiums, microphones, sound systems and chalkboards. The coordinator should determine each presenters eqUipment needs and ensure their aVailability.

1Javel~geDlents

Presenters and attendees may wish to make their travel arrangements through one or more travel agenCies. Such agencies can coordinate airline departures and arrival dates and times to get the lowest possible rates. If the services of a travel agent are not available. the airline of chOice should be contacted to secure the best possible rate. The ability to secure reasonable fares can have a direct effect on attendance. Excessive transportation costs can cause potential attendees on limited budgets to forgo attendance.

Marketing

Whether the workshop is conducted as a profit-:making venture or a not-for-profit service, marketing will be a key element in the success of the meeting. Section I touched upon the need to identify the general target audience. Now begins the process of identifying individuals and organizations and soliciting their attendance. Every other aspect of workshop planning pales in comparison to the need to aggressively and effectively market the workshop. The most knowledgeable and stimulating speakers, the most current materials and the most comfortable meeting room will be wasted if the workshop does not attract suffiCient attendance.

19

In order to motivate members of the target audience to attend, the solicitation should focus on the benefits to be derived from participation in the workshop. The bottom line for an organization is how will the information presented benefit the organization. In the context of waste " k a t i o n , benefits can be expressed in terms of providing the organization with the information needed to identify opportunities and make appropriate decisions.

Now the question becomes how do we make contact with our target audience. The possibilities are many and varied, and each has pros and cons. Newspaper advertising provides good general coverage and eliminates the need to secure commercial mailing lists. However, newspaper advertising does not target the speciflc audience of potential attendees.

The public service announcement is another technique commonly used to inform the public about workshops and seminars. Radio and television stations transmit these messages as a free service to the public. Consequently, they are a particularly attractive marketing tool for organizations on limited budgets. As with newspaper advertising, public service announcements do not target a specifk audience and, therefore, should be used in conjunction with other marketing techniques.

Depending on budgetary constraints, planners should consider distributing brochures as an additional announcement technique. An attractive professional quality brochure is certain to gain the attention of the target audience.

Direct mail is the most widely used method of contacting the target audience. This method is favored by many commercial seminar planners because of its ability to target likely prospects at a reasonable cost. Most direct-mail campaigns rely on commercially produced mailing lists. If suitable mailing lists cannot be obtained commercially because of cost or content, mailing lists can be generated internally by using reference books, chamber of commerce reports and word of mouth within the industry.

In addition to or in lieu of direct mailing, potential attendees may be reached by Ynquiry advertising." Inquiry advertising uses professional, trade and industry periodicals to reach the desired audience. These publications offer the advantage of a closely targeted reader group. This type of advertising is particularly cost effective compared to newspaper or direct mailing. Many trade magazines and newsletters contain a regular section listing upcoming meetings, seminars and workshops on subjects of potential interest to their readers.

20

In order to motivate members of the target audience to attend, the solicitation should focus on the benefits to be derived from participation in the workshop. The bottom line for an organization is how will the information presented benefit the organization. In the context of waste minimization, benefits can be expressed in terms of providing the organization with the information needed to identify opportunities and make appropriate decisions.

Now the question becomes how do we make contact with our target audience. The possibilities are many and varied. and each has pros and cons. Newspaper advertising provides good general coverage and eliminates the need to secure commercial mailing lists. However. newspaper advertising does not target the specific audience of potential attendees.

The public service announcement is another technique commonly used to inform the public about workshops and seminars. Radio and television stations transmit these messages as a free service to the public. Consequently. they are a particularly attractive marketing tool for organizations on limited budgets. As with newspaper advertising. public service announcements do not target a specific audience and. therefore. should be used in conjunction With other marketing techniques .

. Depending on budgetary constraints. planners should consider distributing brochures as an additional announcement technique. An attractive professional quality brochure is certain to gain the attention of the target audience.

Direct mail is the most widely used method of contacting the target audience. This method is favored by many commercial seminar planners because of its ability to target likely prospects at a reasonable cost. Most direct-mail campaigns rely on commercially produced mailing lists. If suitable mailing lists cannot be obtained commercially because of cost or content, mailing lists can be generated internally by using reference books, chamber of commerce reports and word of mouth within the indUStry.

In addition to or in lieu of direct mailing. potential attendees may be reached by "inquiry advertising." Inquiry advertising uses profeSSional. trade and industry periodicals to reach the deSired audience. These publications offer the advantage of a closely targeted reader group. This type of advertising is particularly cost effective compared to newspaper or direct mailing. Many trade magazines and newsletters contain a regular section listing upcoming meetings. seminars and workshops on subjects of potential interest to their readers.

20

Mailing lists maintained by government agencies also can be a usehl means of reaching the target audience. State agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous and solid wastes have likely developed a substantial network of organizations.

I t is important to develop a workshop title for use in all solicitation material that is appealing, attention-getting, identifies the subject matter and reflects the benefits to be derived from attendance. If the workshop has secured the services of presenters that are particularly well known in the field, their participation should be mentioned in all solicitation materials.

As previously discussed, customized in-house workshops offer an altemative to the public seminar. It may be useful in the context of waste minimization because of the need to offer customized presentations for specrfic industries. The sponsor organization may wish to make itself available for both general audience and customized in-house workshops. In fact, general audience workshops provide an excellent opportunity to make the client group aware of the service. Information provided at general sessions may prove so useful that clients may want more speciflc information delivered to a larger number of employees, at the company’s premises.

Once a comprehensive marketing strategy has been determined the staff can begin implementation by preparing the necessary literature, renting or compiling mailing lists and placing advertisements. The staff should consider preparing a briefing book for submission to attendees in advance of the workshop. This volume should include a final agenda indicating the schedule of events and presenters, background material on selected topics, information on the sponsoring organization, a meeting evaluation form and infonnation on travel and entertainment. By reviewing the briefing book participants can become familiar with basic concepts and thereby increase their understanding of the materials presented.

Section III. Curriculum Development

Pollution prevention through waste minimization is severely hampered by the lack of knowledge by waste generators on effective techniques for reducing or eliminating the generation of hazardous wastes. The limited availability of useful information on waste reduction practices and processes is a particular problem for medium and small sized organizations. These groups may not have the budget or staff resources to explore waste reduction alternatives.

21

Mailing lists maintained by government agencies also can be a useful means of reaching the target audience. State agencies involved in the regulation of hazardous and solid wastes have likely developed a substantial network of organizations.

It is important to develop a workshop title for use in all solicitation material that is appealing. attention-getting. identifies the subject matter and reflects the benefits to be derived from attendance. If the workshop has secured the services of presenters that are particularly well known in the field. their participation should be mentioned in all soliCitation materials.

As previously discussed. customized in-house workshops offer an alternative to the public seminar. It may be useful in the context of waste minimization because of the need to offer customized presentations for specific industries. The sponsor organization may wish to make itself available for both general audience and customized in-house workshops. In fact. general audience workshops provide an excellent opportunity to make the client group aware of the service. Information provided at general sessions may prove so useful that clients may want more specific information delivered to a larger number of employees. at the company's premises.

Once a comprehensive marketing strategy has been determined the staff can begin implementation by preparing the necessary literature. renting or compiling mailing lists and placing advertisements. The staff should conSider preparing a briefmg book for submission to attendees in advance of the workshop. This volume should include a final agenda indicating the schedule of events and presenters. background material on selected topics. information on the sponsoring organization. a meeting evaluation form and information on travel and entertainment. By reviewing the briefing book partiCipants can become familiar with basic concepts and thereby increase their understanding of the materials presented.

Section m. Curriculum Development

Pollution prevention through waste minimization is severely hampered by the lack of knowledge by waste generators on effective techniques for reducing or eliminating the generation of hazardous wastes. The limited availability of useful information on waste reduction practices and processes is a particular problem for medium and small sized organizations. These groups may not have the budget or staff resources to explore waste reduction alternatives.

21

The collection of technical information is a necessary prerequisite to the development of a company wide waste minimization program. Joel S. Hirschhom has identifled four technical stages of waste reduction: common-sense actions, information-dependent actions, analysis driven decisions and progress requiring research and deve10pment.l~ In stage one common sense, readily visible and easily implemented opportunities are put into practice. These actions primarily involve modifications in operating procedures rather than more complicated changes in equipment or production technology.

To obtain additional reductions in wastes, generators must develop detailed information on the quantity, chemical composition and regulatory status of waste. In this second stage of waste reduction, plant-specific data is used in conjunction with infomation on raw material substitutions and new manufacturing techniques. This information will allow affected companies to establish a framework for implementing industry specific waste reduction options.

Stage three, analysis driven decisions can be characterized by major capital investment and increased risk. This phase requires the kind of detailed analysis generated by a formal waste minimization assessment such as EPA's Waste Minimization opportunity ~ssessment" or some equivalent analysis that identifies factors such as cost, benefit and risk. The final stage of a company*s waste reduction effort, intensified research and development, is required to produce the advanced technical solutions needed to deet changes in manufacturing processes and products.

Clearly, waste "ha tion is not a singular one-time search for waste reduction opportunities. Rather, it is an on-going process involving assessment of the existing waste stream and acquisition of the technical data needed to fully exploit potential applications of increasing complexity, cost and risk.

The workshop coordinator is faced with numerous options in establishing an organizational structure for the workshop. The coordinator must ensure that a curriculum is developed that fulfills the workshop's stated goals and objectives. This activity is an obvious prerequisite to the selection of the presenters. While considerable latitude should be accorded to presenters who are, after all, experts in the field, the coordinator should exercise his authority to detennine what subjects will best achieve the goals of the workshop.

22

The collection of technical infonnation is a necessary prerequisite to the development of a company wide waste minimization program. Joel S. Hirschhorn has identified four technical stages of waste reduction: common-sense actions, infonnation-dependent actions, analysis driven decisions and progress requiring research and development. 13 In stage one common sense, readily visible and easily implemented opportunities are put into practice. These actions primarily involve modifications in operating procedures rather than more complicated changes in equipment or production technology.

To obtain additional reductions in wastes, generators must develop detailed infonnation on the quantity, chemical composition and regulatory status of waste. In this second stage of waste reduction, plant-specific data is used in conjunction with infonnation on raw material substitutions and new manufacturing techniques. This infonnation will allow affected companies to establish a framework for implementing industry specific waste reduction options.

Stage three, analysis driven decisions can be characterized by major capital investment and increased risk. This phase requires the kind of detailed analysis generated by a fonnal waste minimization assessment such as EPA's Waste Minimization Opportunity AssessmentI4 or some equivalent analySiS that identifies factors such as cost, benefit and risk. The final stage of a company's waste reduction effort. intensified research and development, is required to produce the advanced technical solutions needed to affect changes in manufactUring processes and products.

Clearly, waste minimization is not a singular one-time search for waste reduction opportunities. Rather, it is an on-gOing process involving assessment of the existing waste stream and acquisition of the technical data needed to fully exploit potential applications of increasing complexity, cost and risk.

The workshop coordinator is faced with numerous options in establishing an organizational structure for the workshop. The coordinator must ensure that a Curriculum is developed that fulfills the workshop's stated goals and objectives. This activity is an obvious prerequisite to the selection of the presenters. While conSiderable latitude should be accorded to presenters who are, after all, experts in the field, the coordinator should exercise his authority to determine what subjects will best achieve the goals of the workshop.

22

Workshop Structure

The effort to market the workshop to an audience is doomed to failure if the agenda does not reflect a curriculum composed of relevant topics that directly benefit the participant's business, For organizational purposes, the workshop may be divided into two phases. The first phase features generalized or generic presentations designed to highlight the fundamental principles of waste " i m t i o n . This portion of the session will include an overview of the relevant statutes and regulations, discussion of waste minimization assessment procedures and an analysis of costs and benefits. This phase will to a large degree be standardized with little variation from workshop to workshop. The information-spec& phase of the workshop is designed to directly address the needs of the target audience. It is developed around three organizational approaches: media specific, process or industry specific and waste specific. The media specific workshop addresses strategies designed to minimize wastes discharged into the air, water or land. For example, a seminar, sponsored by the Pollution Prevention Pays Program, focused on waste reduction for industrial air toxic emissions.'' A workshop of this type would discuss processes, in a variety of industries, for media-specific waste stream reduction. Implementation of media-specific waste stream reduction can be done in a phased-in manner whereby waste streams that present management problems or that will have a rapid payback on investment can be addressed first.

Industry-specific workshops involve waste reduction for industrial processes such as:

Vehicle maintenance Pesticides

0 Printed circuit board Photography manufacturing

Paint manufacturing Dry cleaning

Furniture fabrication Construction

Paper

Presentations for this type of workshop should include an overview of the industrial process, discussion of the types of wastes generated and a review of waste reduction strategies for the types of waste generated. For example, the

23

Workshop Structure

The effort to market the workshop to an audience is doomed to failure if the agenda does not reflect a curriculum composed of relevant topics that directly benefit the participant's business. For organizational purposes, the workshop may be divided into two phases. The first phase features generalized or generic presentations designed to highlight the fundamental principles of waste minimization. This portion of the session will include an overview of the relevant statutes and regulations, discussion of waste minimization assessment procedures and an analysis of costs and benefits. This phase will to a large degree be standardized with little variation from workshop to workshop.

The information-specific phase of the workshop is designed to directly address the needs of the target audience. It is developed around three organizational approaches: media speCific. process or industIy specific and waste speCific. The media specific workshop addresses strategies designed to minimize wastes discharged into the air, water or land. For example, a seminar, sponsored by the Pollution Prevention Pays Program, focused on waste reduction for industrial air toxic emissions. 15 A workshop of this type would discuss processes, in a variety of industries, for media-specific waste stream reduction. Implementation of media-specific waste stream reduction can be done in a phased-in manner whereby waste streams that present management problems or that will have a rapid payback on investment can be addressed first.

IndustIy-specific workshops involve waste reduction for industrial processes such as:

• Vehicle maintenance • PestiCides

• Printed circuit board • Photography manufacturing

• Paint manufacturing • Dry cleaning

• Furniture fabrication • Construction

• Paper

Presentations for this type of workshop should include an overview of the industrial process, discussion of the types of wastes generated and a review of waste reduction strategies for the types of waste generated. For example, the

23

agenda for a furniture fabricator’s workshop would include presentations on waste and process characterization, waste generation sources and suggested waste reduction strategies such as inventory control, equipment maintenance, spraying techniques and in-plant recycling.

lastly, in a waste-specific workshop, one or more prominent types of wastes are identified and strategies for reduction and/or recycling are discussed. Categories of hazardous waste include solvents, sludges, oil and metal wastes, corrosive wastes, cyanide and reactive wastes and halogenated organic wastes.

The framework described above is not the only option available for organizing the workshop. Combinations and variation on this format only should be limited by the needs of the audience and the creativity of the staff.

Once the decision has been made about the structure of the workshop and the subjects to be addressed, the coordinator can begin to select presenters with expertise in the relevant areas of discussion. Workshop coordinators with substantial expertise in this area will probably have developed the network of contacts necessary to secure the right presenter. For organizations that do not have ready access to such information, Appendix A of this publication contains lists of government contacts, clearinghouses and programs. These lists will provide a starting point for the selection process.

The information presented to the workshop participants, whether written or oral, should be covered by a disclaimer of liability. The disclaimer should clearly state that there are no express or implied warranties by the workshop sponsor as to the accuracy of information provided by any speaker. The disclaimer clause should be read at each session and included in all written material. In the absence of such a disclaimer, incorrect information or unsuccessful techniques could give rise to a cause of action.

Teaching Techniques

The means by which information is disseminated during the workshop is as important as the accuracy of that data. Even the best information will not hold the attention or capture the imagination of the audience if presented in an uninteresting manner. The workshop may be convened in one of the following formats:

Plenarv sessions - All participants must meet together in a general session. Each presenter delivers a talk on an assigned aspect of waste minimization. I t is important to

24

agenda for a furniture fabricator's workshop would include presentations on waste and process characterization. waste generation sources and suggested waste reduction strategtes such as inventory control, equipment maintenance, spraying techniques and in-plant recycling.

Lastly. in a waste-specific workshop. one or more prominent types of wastes are identified and strategtes for reduction and/or recycling are discussed. Categories of hazardous waste include solvents, sludges, oil and metal wastes. corrosive wastes, cyanide and reactive wastes and halogenated organic wastes.

The framework deSCribed above Is not the only option available for organizing the workshop. Combinations and variation on this format only should be limited by the needs of the audience and the creativity of the staff.

Once the decision has been made about the structure of the workshop and the subjects to be addressed, the coordinator can begtn to select presenters with expertise in the relevant areas of discussion. Workshop coordinators with substantial expertise in this area will probably have developed the network of contacts necessary to secure the right presenter. For organizations that do not have ready access to such information. Appendix A of this publication contains lists of government contacts. clearinghouses and programs. These lists will provide a startlng point for the selection process.

The information presented to the workshop participants. whether written or oral. should be covered by a disclaimer of liability. The disclaimer should clearly state that there are no express or implied warranties by the workshop sponsor as to the accuracy of information provided by any speaker. The disclaimer clause should be read at each session and included in all written material. In the absence of such a disclaimer, incorrect information or unsuccessful techniques could give rise to a cause of action.

Teaching Techniques

The means by which information is disseminated during the workshop is as important as the accuracy of that data. Even the best information will not hold the attention or capture the imagtnation of the audience if presented in an uninteresting manner. The workshop may be convened in one of the following formats:

• Plenruy sessions - All participants must meet together in a general session. Each presenter delivers a talk on an assigned aspect of waste minimization. It is important to

24

encourage questions from the audience at every phase of the workshop. Audience questions help to eliminate confusion that may be shared by several attendees. Moreover, questions make for a livelier session benefiting both the speaker and audience. Concurrent s e s e - It is often useful to break-up the audience into smaller groups that meet simultaneously. This is particularly advantageous when working with large groups. At the conclusion of such sessions the main body is reconvened and a spokesperson reports the conclusions of the group.

0 Panel - A group of knowledgeable persons form a panel and share their views on a selected topic. Panelists should be selected to achieve a representative cross-section of attitudes, opinions and perspectives. Each participant makes a short opening statement. Following this, the panelists question each other. Then panelists are questioned by the audience.

0

It is important to note the potent role of case studies in communicating waste minimization strategies. They describe real world situations rather than theories and consequently send hazardous waste generators the message that source reduction strategies can be successfully implemented. Moreover, case studies provide lessons learned that allow companies to avoid their predecessors' mistakes. They are valuable teaching tools #at should be used liberally throughout the workshop.

As previously mentioned, use of audience participation and discussion are important techniques to ensure the success of the workshop. Attendee participation helps to sustain interest, focus attention and maintain the vitality of the meeting. Attendee involvement ensures #at key ideas and concepts are remembered after the workshop is over. Group discussions serve to establish a rapport among workshop participants.

The ultimate success of an audience participation effort rests on #e presenters or moderator's ability to encourage useful contributions while driving the agenda toward a productive conclusion, Professional seminar planners also use a number of other techniques to stimulate participation such as exercises, experience sharing, brainstorming and business games. The decision as to whether or when any of these techniques is best employed probably should be left to the discretion of each presenter.

25

encourage questions from the audience at every phase of the workshop. Audience questions help to eliminate confusion that may be shared by several attendees. Moreover, questions make for a livelier session benefiting both the speaker and audience.

• Concurrent sessigns - It is often useful to break-up the audience into smaller. groups that meet simultaneously. This is particularly advantageous when working with large groups. At the conclusion of such sessions the main body is reconvened and a spokesperson reports the conclusions of the group.

• panel SeSSigns - A group of knowledgeable persons form a panel and share their views on a selected topiC. Panelists should be selected to achieve a representative cross-section of attitudes, opinions and perspectives. Each participant makes a short opening statement. Following this, the panelists question each other. Then panelists are questioned by the audience.

It is important to note the potent role of case studies in communicatlng waste minimization strategies. They deSCribe real world situations rather than theories and consequently send hazardous waste generators the message that source reduction strategies can be successfully implemented. Moreover, case studies provide lessons learned that allow companies to avoid their predecessors' mistakes. They are valuable teaching tools that should be used liberally throughout the workshop.

As previously mentioned. use of audience participation and discussion are important techniques to ensure the success of the workshop. Attendee participation helps to sustain interest. focus attention and maintain the vitality of the meetlng. Attendee involvement ensures that key ideas and concepts are remembered after the workshop is over. Group discussions serve to establish a rapport among workshop participants.

The ultimate success of an audience participation effort rests on the presenters or moderator's ability to encourage useful contributions while driving the agenda toward a productive conclusion. Professional seminar planners also use a number of other techniques to stimulate participation such as exercises, experience sharing. brainstorming and business games. The decision as to whether or when any of these techniques is best employed probably should be left to the discretion of each presenter. .

25

Section IV. Post-Workshop Activities

The conclusion of the workshop does not conclude the staffs business. Several important tasks must be completed before the workshop is officially closed. Some tasks are administrative in nature while others impact the substance of the workshop. Post-workshop activities enhance the value of the session by providing needed follow-up services and lay the groundwork for future workshops.

Evaluating the Workshop

An evaluation form should be completed by each participant. The purpose of the form is to provide feedback on the various components of the workshop. It highlights effective presentations and discussions and exposes areas of concern. Sufficient time should be provided during the session to complete the survey. If attendees are allowed to mail in the form, the number of persons responding may be significantly reduced. The following form (Figure 4) is representative of the types of questions that should be asked. The coordinator may wish to adapt this form to the needs of the workshop. By analyzing the responses, the staff can assess the need for a subsequent workshop on the same or related topics.

26

Section IV. Post-Workshop Activities

The conclusion of the workshop does not conclude the staffs business. Several important tasks must be completed before the workshop is officially closed. Some tasks are administrative in nature while others impact the substance of the workshop. Post-workshop activities enhance the value of the session by prOviding needed follow-up services and lay the groundwork for future workshops.

Evaluating the Workshop

An evaluation form should be completed by each participant. The purpose of the form is to provide feedback on the various components of the workshop. It highlights effective presentations and discussions and exposes areas of concern. Sufficient time should be provided during the session to complete the survey. If attendees are allowed to mail in the form, the number of persons responding may be significantly reduced. The following form (Figure 4) is representative of the types of questions that should be asked. The coordinator may wish to adapt this form to the needs of the workshop. By analyzing the responses, the staff can assess the need for a subsequent workshop on the same or related topIcs.

26

Sample Evaluation Form*

We request your assistance in evaluating the effectiveness of this workshop. Please enter your candid responses to each question and return this form to any staff member or mail it to the address appearing at the end of this form.

Optional

Name Title Affiliation Address City/State/Zip Telephone

1. What was your primary objective in attending this workshop?

2. Did the workshop achieve that objective?

Mostly achieved partially achieved not achieved

If not achieved, please describe any deficiency.

3. How would you evaluate the effectiveness of the presentations?

Excellent Good Fair Poor

27

Figure 4

Sample Evaluation Form·

We request your assistance in evaluating the effectiveness of this workshop. Please enter your candid responses to each question and return this form to any staff member or mail it to the address appearing at the end of this form.

Optional

Name __________________________ _

Title Affiliation _________________________ __ Address _____________________________ __ City/State/Zip ________________ _ Telephone _______________________ _

1. What was your primary objective in attending this workshop?

2. Did the workshop achieve that objective?

Mostly achieved partially achieved not achieved

If not achieved, please deSCribe any deficiency.

3. .. How would you evaluate the effectiveness of the presentations?

Excellent Good Fair Poor

27

4.

6.

7.

8.

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3

How would you evaluate the usefulness of the information presented?

No, 1 No. 2 No. 3

Excellent Good Fair

What additional topics should be covered?

Poor

Was sufficient time allocated for each presentation?

If not, identifv the presentation and explain how it could be improved.

What steps should be taken to improve the overall effectiveness of the workshop?

Return to:

*Adapted from Meeting Coordination Packet, Battelle Project Management Division

28

No. 1 No.2 No.3

4. How would you evaluate the usefulness of the infonnatIon presented?

No. I No.2 No.3

Excellent Good Fair

6. What additional topics should be covered?

7. Was sufficient time allocated for each presentation?

Poor

If not, identify the presentation and explain how it could be improved.

8. What steps should be taken to improve the overall effectiveness of the workshop?

Return to:

*Adapted from Meeting Coordination Packet. Battelle Project Management Division

28

Meeting Minutes and Related lldaterial

Meeting minutes are an indispensable part of the post workshop effort. They help attendees to internalize the infomation received and serve as a ready reference on the topics addressed during the workshop. Ideally, meeting minutes should be bound or in bindable form and contain a narrative describing the major discussion points during the workshop, copies of speaker's slides or overhead presentations and any related material not previously available.

Depending on the availability of funds, attendee's should be provided with updated information on the waste minimization strategies. Speakers should be requested to submit any reports, surveys or studies impacting their area of expertise. As an alternative, a list of available documents could be forwarded to the attendee and copies provided at cost. Additionally, the previously mentioned briefing book and meeting minutes may be of interest to persons that were unable to attend. Provisions should be made to supply copies of these volumes on request at cost.

Final Details

Lastly, workshop staff should remain in place long enough to attend to any remaining details. Correspondence should be sent to attendees and presenters, thanking them for their interest and participation.

Some trade publications report on recently completed meeting workshops and seminars concerning subjects of interest to their readers. The staff should identifir such publications and take appropriate steps to ensure that the workshop receives adequate coverage.

29

Meeting Minutes and Related Material

Meeting minutes are an indispensable part of the post workshop effort. They help attendees to internalize the information received and serve as a ready reference on the topics addressed during the workshop. Ideally, meeting minutes should be bound or in bindable form and contain a narrative describing the major discussion pOints during the workshop, copies of speaker's slides or overhead presentations and any related material not previously available.

Depending on the availability of funds, attendee's should be provided with updated information on the waste minimization strategies. Speakers should be requested to submit any reports, surveys or studies impacting their area of expertise. As an alternative, a list of available documents could be forwarded to the attendee and copies provided at cost. Additionally, the previously mentioned briefing book and meeting minutes may be of interest to persons that were unable to attend. Provisions should be made to supply copies of these volumes on request at cost.

Final Details

Lastly, workshop staff should remain in place long enough to attend to any remaining details. Correspondence should be sent to attendees and presenters, thanking them for their interest and participation.

Some trade publications report on recently completed meeting workshops and seminars concerning subjects of interest to their readers. The staff should identify such publications and take appropriate steps to ensure that the workshop receives adequate coverage.

29

30 30

Notes

'Interim Report; National Energy Strategy, U.S. Department of Energy,

'lbid., p. 166.

3Joel S . Hirschhom, "Preventing Industry Waste." EPA Journal vol. 16, no. 1.

4George Bush, 'What I Believe About the Environment." EPA Journal vol. 16,

william K. Reilly, "Pollution Prevention: An Environmental Goal for the 90s."

'iHirschhom, pp. 36-39.

'ky-90 Workplan for Pollution Preuention. U.S. Environmental Protection

'S, 11 12, l O l s t Congress, 1st Session (1989).

Q.R. 1457, lOlst Congress, 1st Session (1989).

'OS. 11 13, l O l s t Congress, 1st Session (1989).

""Strengthening State Pollution Prevention Programs." Southern Growth

12The Hazardous Waste System. US. Environmental Protection Agency, June

13Hir~~hhom, p. 36.

l4waste Minimization opportunity Assessment Manual. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/625/7-88/003, July 1988, p. 1.

"Companion Document for the Conference on Waste Reduction for Industrdal Air To& Emissions. Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, April 1989, p. 1.

DOE/S-O066P, April 1990, p. 169.

January/February 1990, p. 36.

No. 1. January/February 1990, p. 3.

EPAJournalvol. 16, no. 1, January/February 1990, p. 5.

Agency, Region IV, p. 1.

PoliciesBourd, no. 10, January 1990, p. 2.

1989, pp. 1-3.

31

Notes

lInterim Report: National Energy Strategy. U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/S-0066P. ApIil 1990. p. 169.

2Ibid .• p. 166.

3Joel S. Hirschhorn, "Preventing Industry Waste." EPA Journal vol. 16, no. 1. January/February 1990. p. 36.

4George Bush. ''What I Believe About the Environment." EPA Journal vol. 16, No.1. January/February 1990. p. 3.

SWilliam K. Reilly, "Pollution Prevention: An Environmental Goal for the 90·s." EPA Journal vol. 16. no. 1. January/February 1990. p. 5.

EWIschhorn. pp. 36-39.

7FY90 Workplan for Pollution Prevention. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Region IV. p. 1.

8S. 1112. 101st Congress. 1st Session (1989).

~.R. 1457. 101st Congress, 1st Session (1989).

lOS. 1113. 101st Congress. 1st Session (1989).

ll"Strengthening State Pollution Prevention Programs." Southern Growth Policies Board. no. 10. January 1990. p. 2.

12The Hazardous Waste System. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency·, June 1989. pp. 1-3.

13Hirschhorn. p. 36.

14Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA/625/7-88/003. July 1988. p. 1.

15Companion Document for the Conference on Waste Reduction for Industrial Air Toxic Emissions. Pollution Prevention Pays Program. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, ApIil 1989. p. 1.

31

APPENDIX A

Programs and Contacts

A.

1.

3.

4.

Federal contacts

Jamesbunsbury .

Director Waste Minirniza tion Staff US EPA Headquarters Washington, D.C.

Myles Morse Omce of Research & Development US EPA 401 M St. SW Washington, D.C. 20460

J. Clarence Terry Davies Administrator for Policy, Planning and Evaluation 401 M St. SW US EPA Washington, D.C. 20460

A. Henry Schilling, Director Office of Pollution Prevention US EPA 401 M St. SW Washington, D.C. 20460 (202) 382-4028

(202) 382-4807

(202) 475-7161

(202) 382-2090

A- 1

APPENDIX A

Programs and Contacts

A. Federal contacts

1. James Lounsbury Director Waste Minimization Staff US EPA Headquarters Washington. D.C. (202) 382-4807

2. Myles Morse Office of Research & Development US EPA 401 M St. SW Washington. D.C. 20460 (202) 475-7161

3. J. Clarence Terry Davies Administrator for Policy. Planning and Evaluation 401 M St. SW US EPA Washington. D.C. 20460 (202) 382-2090

4. A. Henry. Schilling. Director Office of Pollution Prevention US EPA 401 M St. SW Washington. D.C. 20460 (202) 382-4028

A-I

5. Joel S. Hirschhom Senior Associate Office of Technology Assessment U.S. Congress Washington, D.C. 20510-8025 (202) 224-87 13

6. Harry Freeman EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 (513) 569-7148

B. State Programs and Contacts

1. EPA Region IV State Programs*

a. Alabama

Contact: Dan Cooper Department of Environmental Management 175 1 Federal Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36130 (205) 271-7914

The Alabama Department of Environmental Management does not currently have a waste minimization program. However, a Waste Advisory Mini" tion Committee has been formed in order to develop a comprehensive program using the expertise and resources of industry, government and the academic community. The committee is comprised of representatives from the Department of Education, the Department of Economic and Community Affairs, the Association of County Commissioners, the League of Municipalities, the Business Council of Alabama, the Alabama Chemical Association and the public at large.

The Waste Advisory Minimization Committee proposed work plan includes a variety of activities, including a voluntary non-regulatory waste assessment program that utilizes the resources of Bicentennial Volunteer Inc. The goal of

Adapted from "Profiles of state waste " k a t l o n programs," me Role of Waste Minim ization, Natlonal Govemors' Association, 1989. pp.57-85.

A-2

5. Joel S. Hirschhorn Senior Associate Office of Technology Assessment U.S. Congress Washington, D.C. 20510-8025 (202) 224-8713

6. Harry Freeman EPA Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 (513) 569-7148

B. State Programs and Contacts

1. EPA Region IV State Programs·

a. Alabama

Contact: Dan Cooper Department of Environmental Management 1751 Federal Drive Montgomery. Alabama 36130 (205) 271-7914

The Alabama Department of Environmental Management does not currently have a waste m1nim1zation program. However. a Waste Advisory Minimization Committee has been formed in order to develop a comprehensive program using the expertise and resources of industry. government and the academic community. The committee is comprised of representatives from the Department of Education. the Department of Economic and Community Affairs, the Association of County Commissioners, the League ofMunicipal1ties. the BUSiness Council of Alabama. the Alabama Chemical Association and the public at large.

The Waste Advisory Minimization Committee proposed work plan includes a variety of activities. including a voluntary non-regulatory waste assessment program that utilizes the resources of Bicentennial Volunteer Inc. The goal of

• Adapted from "Profiles of state waste min1m1zation programs," The Role of Waste Wnlmlzatlon, National Governors' AsSOCiation, 1989. pp.57-85.

A-2

this program is to recruit and train retired engineers to conduct waste assessments, identify needs for technical assistance and provide basic research for new and improved technology. Other proposed activities include Pollution Prevention/Waste Reduction pilot studies, a multimedia technical assistance project developed with the assistance of three Alabama industries that will disseminate information on each of the three selected industries’ waste “ h a t i o n programs.

The Waste Advisory Committee also plans to develop a Waste Minimiza tion and Public Awareness Program through which information on waste ”iza tion will be disseminated to the general public through a speakers bureau, information organizations and the use of education/instructional materials.

Waste “ka tion in Alabama has faced diminishing funding over the past two years, causing careful planning to prioritize spending to maximize environmental protection. While it is the hope of the DEM that each of these programs receives the funds necessary for complete administration, each of the above-mentioned programs are proposed projects, and no predication can be made as to which projects will receive complete support and which ones will not.

Hazardous Materials Management and Resource Recovery (HAMMARR) Program

Contact: Dr. John Moeller University of Alabama P.O. Box 1468 University Station Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35486 (205) 348-6450

The HAMMARR program is a nonregulatory technical assistance program based at the University of Alabama. Although funding has been greatly diminished, the program is able to provide a variety of services and offer several programs. The program provides on-site technical assistance to industry on regulatory compliance and waste minimization, utilized primarily by electroplating, casting and mining industries. HAMMARR also operates the Alabama Waste Exchange Program and presents workshops to the business community on a variety of topics, including waste “iza tion and small quantity generator issues.

A-3

this program is to recruit and train retired engineers to conduct waste assessments, identify needs for technical assistance and provide basic research for new and improved technology. Other proposed activities include Pollution Prevention/Waste Reduction pilot studies, a multimedia technical assistance project developed with the assistance of three Alabama industries that will disseminate infonnation on each of the three selected industries' waste minimization programs.

The Waste Advisory COmmittee also plans to develop a Waste Minimization and Public Awareness Program through which Information on waste minimization will be disseminated to the general public through a speakers bureau, information organizations and the use of education/instructional materials.

Waste minimization in Alabama has faced diminishing funding over the past two years, causing careful planning to prioritize spending to maximize environmental protection. While it is the hope of the OEM that each of these programs receives the funds necessary for complete administration, each of the above-mentioned programs are proposed projects. and no predication can be made as to which projects will receive complete support and which ones will not.

Hazardous Materials Management and Resource Recovery (HAMMARR) Program

Contact: Dr. John Moeller University of Alabama P.O. Box 1468 University Station Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35486 (205) 348-6450

The HAMMARR program is a nonregulatory technical assistance program based at the University of Alabama. Although funding has been greatly diminished, the program is able to provide a variety of services and offer several programs. The program provides on-site technical assistance to industry on regulatory compliance and waste minimization, utilized primarily by electroplating, casting and mining industries. HAMMARR also operates the Alabama Waste Exchange Program and presents workshops to the business community on a variety oftopics, including waste minimization and small quantity generator issues.

A-3

b. Florida

Contact: Janeth Campbell Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Twin Towers Oflice Building 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400 (904) 488-0300

In 1988 the Florida Legislature enacted the Waste Reduction Assistance Program (WRAP) as a part of the Solid Waste Management Act. WRAP, a non-regulatory multimedia program, is designed to motivate businesses, state and local govemments, professional organizations and trade associations to cooperate to prevent pollution through waste reduction.

small and medium-sized businesses that make significant ste management problems in Florida. The program

emphasizes efforts to reduce waste at the source, followed by environmentally sound on and off-site recycling.

WRAP consists of several major components:

Inform&ion C l w o u s g - A computerized system which provides information on available waste reduction technologies, case studies of successful waste reduction techniques and contact persons in local, state and federal government, trade and professional associations who can provide expertise in waste reduction techniques.

- Through a U S . EPA grant, WRAP will develop curricula for waste reduction and management courses for engineers and technicians. Business managers, financial analysts and clean-up crews are future targets for training.

- Provides on-site technical assistance to waste

" r e - Sharing of information through workshops, seminars and waste specific fact sheets and handbooks aimed at industry and professional groups.

e

e

rators and businesses throughout Florida. e

The Solid Waste Management Act also creates many new initiatives for the collection, management, transportation and recycling of used oil. As a part of

A-4

b. Florida

Contact: Janeth Campbell Florida Department of Environmental Regulation Twin Towers Office BuUdIng 2600 Blair Stone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400 (904) 488-0300

In 1988 the Florida Legislature enacted the Waste Reduction Assistance Program (WRAP) as a part of the Solid Waste Management Act. WRAP, a non-regulatory multimedia program, is designed to motivate businesses, state and local governments, professional organizations and trade associations to cooperate to prevent pollution through waste reduction.

WRAP targets small and medium-sized businesses that make significant contributions to waste management problems In Florida. The program emphasizes efforts to reduce waste at the source, followed by environmentally sound on and off-site recycling.

WRAP consists of several major components:

• Information ClearinlUlouse - A computerized system which provides information on available waste reduction technolOgies. case studies of successful waste reduction techniques and contact persons in local. state and federal government. trade and professional associations who can provide expertise In waste reduction techniques.

• Trainin(l Curriculum - Through a U.S. EPA grant. WRAP will develop curricula for waste reduction and management courses for engineers and techniCians. Business managers, finanCial analysts and clean-up crews are future targets for training.

• Technical AsSistance - PrOvides on-site technical assistance to waste generators and businesses throughout FlOrida.

• Technoloi}' lTansfer - Sharing of information through workshops, seminars and waste specific fact sheets and handbooks aimed at Industry and professional groups.

The Solid Waste Management Act also creates many new initiatives for the collection. management. transportation and recycling of used oU. As a part of

A-4

WRAP, $1 million in grants was appropriated to local governments to establish used oil collection centers and public awareness programs. The act prohibits the disposal of used oil on land and water and establishes price incentives for the purchase of used oil by state and local governments.

WRAP is also developing, through a $1.5 million contract with Valencia Community College, a series of used oil and recycling education and incentive programs. WRAP has also implemented a Retired Engineers Waste Reduction Assessment Partners Program. These Pollution Prevention Partners are already providing additional on-site waste reduction technical assistance to many Florida businesses.

A- 5

WRAP. $1 million in grants was approprtated to local governments to establish used oil collection centers and public awareness programs. The act prohibits the disposal of used oil on land and water and establishes prtce incentives for the purchase of used oil by state and local governments.

WRAP is also developing. through a $1.5 million contract with Valencia Community College. a sertes of used oil and recycling education and incentive programs. WRAP has also implemented a Retired Engineers Waste Reduction Assessment Partners Program. These Pollution Prevention Partners are already providing additional on-site waste reduction technical assistance to many Flortda businesses.

A-5

c. Georgia

Contacts: Susan Henderick Environmental Protection Division Department of Natural Resources 205 Butler Street, S.E., Suite 1252 Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (404) 656-7802

The Environmental Protection Division of the Department of Natural Resources is the agency responsible for waste " k a t i o n in Georgia.

In 1988, the EPD developed a five-year strategy plan for waste minimization, which, among other things, establishes a goal of twenty five percent waste reduction within the next five years.

In the first part of 1990, the Georgia Legislature passed the Solid Waste Management Act, which covers both solid and hazardous waste minimization and recycling, including waste and used oil recycling. The act calls for a study of Georgia's recycling capabilities by the Commissioner of Administrative Services and the newly formed Recycling Marketing Council. The Commissioner and the Council are to make speciflc findings and recommendations on the percentage of recyclable material used in Georgia and the potential for waste recycling markets.

Currently, the EPD runs several technical assistance and waste oil recycling programs, including inspections, monitoring and recommendations to industry on waste " k a t i o n . The waste oil recycling program consists mainly of establishing and monitoring used oil collection centers that are located throughout the state.

The State of Georgia is a participating member of the National Roundtable of State Waste Reduction Programs and is involved with the regional Southeast Hazardous Waste Roundtable, which is actively working to develop a regional approach to waste reduction.

A-6

c. Georgia

Contacts: Susan Henderick Environmental Protection Division Department of Natural Resources 205 Butler Street. S.E .• Suite 1252 Atlanta. Georgia 30334 (404) 656-7802

The Environmental Protection Division of the Department of Natural Resources is the agency responsible for waste minimization In Georgia.

In 1988. the EPD developed a five-year strategy plan for waste minimization. which. among other things. establishes a goal of twenty five percent waste reduction within the next five years.

In the first part of 1990. the Georgia Legislature passed the Solid Waste Management Act. which covers both solid and hazardous waste minimization and recycling, including waste and used oil recycling. The act calls for a study of Georgia's recycling capabilities by the Commissioner of Administrative Services and the newly formed Recycling Marketing Council. The Commissioner and the Council are to make specific findings and recommendations on the percentage of recyclable material used In Georgia and the potential for waste recycling markets.

Currently. the EPD runs several technical assistance and waste oil recycling programs. including Inspections, monitoring and recommendations to Industry on waste minimization. The waste oil recycling program consists mainly of establishing and monitoring used oil collection centers that are located throughout the state.

The State of Georgia is a participating member of the National Roundtable of State Waste Reduction Programs and is involved with the regional Southeast Hazardous Waste Roundtable, which is actively working to develop a regional approach to waste reduction.

A-6

Contact: Jim Walsh, Division Chief Environmental Health and Safety Division Georgia Tech Research Institute 042 O’Keefe Building Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (404) 894-34 12

The waste “iza tion program in Georgia is operated on a confidential basis out of the Georgia Tech Research Institute and consists prirnarily of a hazardous waste technical assistance program offered to small to medium-sized businesses. The program staff performs audits and offers suggestions on feedstock substitutions, waste stream separation, process modification and general operations. Follow-up visits are performed to maintain contact and to determine what has been accomplished.

A- 7

Contact: Jim Walsh. Division Chief Environmental Health and Safety Division Georgia Tech Research Institute 042 O'Keefe BuUding Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (404) 894-3412

The waste minimization program in Georgia Is operated on a confidential basis out of the Georgia Tech Research Institute and consists primarily of a hazardous waste technical assistance program offered to small to medium-sized businesses. The program staff performs audits and offers suggestions on feedstock substitutions, waste stream separation. process modification and general operations. Follow-up visits are perfonned to maintain contact and to detennine what has been accomplished.

A-7

d. Kentucky

Contact: Joyce St. Clair, Executive Director Kentucky Partners Room 312, Ernst Hall University of Louisville Speed Scientlflc School Louisville, Kentucky 40292 (502) 588-7260

The Hazardous Waste Reduction Center was fonned at the University of Louisville in December 1987 to promote waste minimization. I t recently conducted a seminar on waste minimization, attracting 160 participants from Kentucky and neighboring states. The center focuses on performing on-site one to two-day waste audits and provides businesses with advice on waste minimization technologies and information on available resources and equipment vendors. The center uses and refers businesses to the Southeast Region Waste Reduction Information Center in North Carolina and maintains a libraxy of information specific to Kentucky industries and issues. The center provides information primarily to larger businesses while providing technical assistance to small businesses and a mix of assistance and information to medium-sized businesses.

The center has a full-time director and one full-time technical staff person. There are also two faculty members and secretaries who provide part-time support. Although the Kentucky legislature mandated the formation of such a center, no general funds were provided for its support. The center was initially funded by a six-month, $50,000 grant from the Cabinet for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and the University of Louisville that expired in June 1988. Kentucky hopes to continue funding the center with monies from the U.S. EPA RTTTA grant, but if they do not receive this grant, sources of funding for the center are uncertain.

The center measures the effectiveness of the program with follow-up surveys of the visited business, gathering information on the economic benefits of waste " h a t i o n and the volume, and, if available, toxicity reductions achieved. The center coordinates activities with the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Southeast Waste Reduction Information Center in North Carolina and the Southeast Waste Exchange.

A-8

d. Kentucky

Contact: Joyce St. Clair. Executive Director Kentucky Partners Room 312. Ernst Hall University of Louisville Speed SCientific School Louisville. Kentucky 40292 (502) 588-7260

The Hazardous Waste Reduction Center was formed at the University of Louisville in December 1987 to promote waste minimization. It recently conducted a seminar on waste minimization. attracting 160 participants from Kentucky and neighboring states. The center focuses on performing on-site one to twO-day waste audits and provides businesses with advice on waste minimization technologies and information on available resources and eqUipment vendors. The center uses and refers businesses to the Southeast Region Waste Reduction Information Center in North Carolina and maintains a library of information specific to Kentucky industries and issues. The center provides information primarily to larger businesses while providing technical assistance to small businesses and a mix of assistance and information to medium-sized businesses.

The center has a full-time director and one full-time technical staff person. There are also two faculty members and secretaries who provide part-time support. Although the Kentucky legislature mandated the formation of such a center, no general funds were provided for its support. The center was initially funded by a six-month. $50,000 grant from the Cabinet for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection and the University of Louisville that expired in June 1988. Kentucky hopes to continue funding the center with monies from the U.S. EPA RITrA grant. but if they do not receive this grant. sources of funding for the center are uncertain.

The center measures the effectiveness of the program with follow-up surveys of the visited business, gathering information on the economic benefits of waste minimization and the volume, and, if aVailable, toxicity reductions achieved. The center coordinates activities with the Tennessee Valley AuthOrity, the Southeast Waste Reduction Information Center in North Carolina and the Southeast Waste Exchange.

A-8

e. Mississippi

Contact: Thomas E. Whitten, Director Waste Reduction and Minimization Program Bureau of Pollution Control Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 10385 Jackson, Mississippi 39289-0385 (601) 961-5190

To protect the health and welfare of its citizens and the environment, the state of Mississippi established the Mississippi Comprehensive Multimedia Waste Reduction and Minimization Program (MCMWRMP). This program involves the coordinated efforts of the Department of Environmental Quality and Mississippi State University.

Currently, MCMWRMP has two waste minimization programs, the Mississippi Technical Assistance Program (MISSTAP) and the Mississippi Solid Waste Reduction Assistance (MSSWRAP). Although similar in nature, each program has distinct features and areas of focus.

MISSTAP

The MISS" . . program provides technical assistance and serves as an information clearinghouse on waste minimization. With headquarters on the campus of Mississippi State University, MISSTAP has library resources and phone and computer networks, all of which provide waste minimization information and technology sharing for both government and industry. MISSTAP also publishes a newsletter and conducts conferences and seminars.

As a part of its technical assistance services, MISSTAP performs waste reduction analyses and demonstration projects. The analyses involve on-site visits to companies that have been identified as waste generators. After the on-site visit, a report is written detailing waste reduction problems and providing recommendations for waste reduction techniques.

MISSTAP is funded by the Legislative Environmental Protection Council, the Department of Environmental Quality, the US. EPA, the First Chemical Corporation, the Appalachian Regional Commission and Mississippi State University.

A- 9

e. Mississippi

Contact: Thomas E. Whitten, Director Waste Reduction and Minimization Program Bureau of Pollution Control Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 10385 Jackson, Mississippi 39289-0385 (601) 961-5190

To protect the health and welfare of its citizens and the environment. the state of Mississippi established the Mississippi Comprehensive Multimedia Waste Reduction and Minimization Program (MCMWRMP). Thisprogram involves the coordinated efforts of the Department of Environmental Quality and Mississippi State University.

Currently. MCMWRMP has two waste minimization programs, the Mississippi Technical AsSistance Program (MISSTAP) and the Mississippi Solid Waste Reduction Assistance (MSSWRAP). Although similar in nature, each program has distinct features and areas of focus.

MISSTAP

The MISSTAP program provides technical assistance and serves .as an information clearinghouse on waste minimization. With headquarters on the campus of Mississippi State University, MISSTAP has library resources and phone and computet networks, all of which provide waste minimization information and technology sharing for both government and industry. MISSTAP also publishes a newsletter and conducts conferences and seminars.

As a part of its technical assistance services, MISSTAP performs waste reduction analyses and demonstration projects. The analyses involve on-site visits to companies that have been identified as waste generators. After the on-site visit, a report is written detailing waste reduction problems and providing recommendations for waste reduction techniques.

MISSTAP is funded by the Legislative Environmental Protection Council. the Department of Environmental Quality. the U.S. EPA. the First Chemical Corporation, the Appalachian Regional Commission and Mississippi State University.

A-9

Although similar to MISSTAP, the Mississippi Solid Waste Reduction Assistance Program (MSSWRAP) concentrates mainly on non-hazardous solid wastes and m e r enhances the multimedia aspects of Mississippi’s overall waste reduction program. Through the publication of monthly newsletters and with frequent seminars, workshops and conferences, MSSWRAP disseminates information to businesses, industries, municipalities and the general public on ways to minimize the production and disposal of non-hazardous solid waste. M S S W is funded by the same sources as MISSTAP.

A- 10

MSSWRAP

Although s1m1lar to MISSfAP, the Mississippi Solid Waste Reduction Assistance Program (MSSWRAP) concentrates mainly on non-hazardous solid wastes and further enhances the multimedia aspects of Mississippi's overall waste reduction program. Through the publication of monthly newsletters and with frequent seminars, workshops and conferences, MSSWRAP disseminates information to businesses, industries, municipalities and the general public on ways to minimize the production and disposal of non-hazardous solid waste. MSSWRAP is funded by the same sources as MISSfAP.

A-IO

f. NorthCarolina

Contact: Gary Hunt Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Pollution Prevention Pays Program Division of Environmental Management 512 North Salisbury Street Raleigh, North Carolina 2761 1 (919) 733-7015

The Pollution Prevention Pays Program in North Carolina is a non-regulatory state-funded program that began in 1983. The program is the lead effort for waste “ f ia t ion in the state and works cooperatively with the Division of Environmental Management, Hazardous Waste Management Branch, Department of Human Resources and the Governor’s Waste Management Board. This multimedia program has been the model for many other states. The program includes an information clearinghouse, on-site technical assistance, informational technical assistance in the form of waste stream-specific waste minimization reports, public education and outreach, challenge grants, research and education and a cooperative Governor’s Award under the Governor’s Waste Management Board.

A-1 1

f. North carolina

Contact: Gary Hunt Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Pollution Prevention Pays Program Division of Environmental Management 512 North Salisbury Street Raleigh. North Carolina 27611 (919) 733-7015

The Pollution Prevention Pays Program in North Carolina is a non-regulatory state-funded program that began in 1983. The program is the lead effort for waste minimization in the state and works cooperatively with the Division of Environmental Management. Hazardous Waste Management Branch. Department of Human Resources and the Governor's Waste Management Board. This multimedia program has been the model for many other states. The program includes an information clearinghouse. on-site technical aSSistance. informational technical assistance in the form of waste stream-specific waste minimization reports. public education and outreach. challenge grants. research and education and a cooperative Governor's Award under the Governor's Waste Management Board.

A-II

Contact: Jeff Debessonet, Manager Center for Waste Minimfiation Department of Health and Environmental Control 2600 Bull Street Columbia, South Carolina 29201 (803) 734-47 15

In July 1988, the Hazardous Waste Task Force made Anal r ommendations to the Board of the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control on hazardous waste reduction needs in South Carolina. Among their recommendations was the establishment of a waste minimization office at the

ent. Funding for the office was established via legislauon in June 1989. During the spring of 1990, the department established the office called the

Center for Waste Minimization. The purpose ofthe center is to promote voluntary waste " b a t i o n through source reduction and recycling of industrial waste and to be an easy-access source of technical information/assistance. The center provides the following services:

e

e

Non-regulatory approach to facilitating waste " h t i o n . Focus on providing technical information and direction to companies with limited technical sM. Information distribution to industry on: e

- Waste "iza tion principles - Rocess-specific, multimedia reduction methods - Research efforts on waste minimization

e Technical assistance via:

- Telephone calls - Onsite assessments anc follow-up reporLig.

South Carolina is a participating member of the Southeast Waste Exchange and the National Roundtable of State Waste Reduction Programs and was a participant in the Region IV/TVA Southeast Hazardous Waste Roundtable.

A- 12

g. South caronna

Contact: Jeff Debessonet. Manager Center for Waste Minimization Department of Health and Environmental Control 2600 Bull Street Columbia. South Carolina 29201 (803) 734-4715

In July 1988. the Hazardous Waste Task Force made final recommendations to the Board of the S.C. Department of Health and Environmental Control on hazardous waste reduction needs in South Carolina. Among their recommendations was the establishment of a waste minimization office at the department. Funding for the office was established via legislation in June 1989.

During the spring of 1990. the department established the office called the Center for Waste Minimization. The purpose of the center is to promote voluntaIy waste minimization through source reduction and recycling of industrial waste and to be an easy-access source of technical information/ assistance. The center provides the following services:

• Non-regulatory approach to facilitating waste minimization.

• Focus on providing technical information and direction to companies with limited technical staff.

• Information distribution to industry on:

Waste minimization principles Process-specific, multimedia reduction methods Research efforts on waste minimization

• Technical assistance via:

Telephone calls Onslte assessments and follow-up reporting.

South Carolina is a participating member of the Southeast Waste Exchange and the National Roundtable of State Waste Reduction Programs and was a participant in the Region IV /IVA Southeast Hazardous Waste Roundtable.

A-12

h. Tennessee

Contact: James Ault, Executive Assistant Bureau of Environment Tennessee Department of Health and Environment 150 9th Avenue North Nashville, Tennessee 372 19-5404 (6 15) 74 1-3657

Legislation was adopted in 1988 establishing a waste “ k a t i o n program in the Department of Health and Environment. The program is carried out under contract by the University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services (CIS).

CIS has implemented an innovative waste reduction assessment pilot program for retired engineers working with the Tennessee Valley Authority and the BicentennialVolunteers, Inc. These retirees are members of assessment teams that perform on-site plant surveys and are assigned to clients according to industrial experience. In addition to on-site technical assistance, CIS provides training through workshops, publications and teleconferences. In cooperation with Department of Health and Environment, CIS administers small research and development grants, initial capitalization grants and an annual Governor’s Award program.

The Tennessee General Assembly has passed the Waste Reduction Act of 1990. The act requires large and small quantity generators to complete hazardous waste reduction plans by January 1, 1992 and January 1, 1994, respectively. Both the Department of Health and Environment and CIS are committed to helping industries comply with environmental mandates and assuring a safe environment through technical assistance and training.

The state has a waste-end tax, created for the purpose of funding the state S u p e h d program, that has the added benefit of encouraging waste minimization.

Regionally, Tennessee participated in the Southeast Hazardous Waste Roundtable (Region IV EPA, TVA, DOE and eight states) and is cooperating in a regional capacity assurance analysis by the SARA subcommittee of the roundtable.

A- 13

h. Tennessee

Contact: James Ault. Executive Assistant Bureau of Environment Tennessee Department of Health and Environment 150 9th Avenue North Nashville. Tennessee 37219-5404 (615) 741-3657

Legislation was adopted in 1988 establishing a waste minimization program in the Department of Health and Environment. The program is carried out under contract by the University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services (CIS).

CIS has implemented an innovative waste reduction assessment pilot program for retired engineers working with the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Bicentennial Volunteers. Inc. These retirees are members of assessment teams that perform on-site plant surveys and are assigned to clients according to industrial experience. In addition to on-site technical aSSistance. CIS provides training through workshops. publications and teleconferences. In cooperation with Department of Health and Environment. CIS administers small research and development grants. initial capitalization grants and an annual Governor's Award program.

The Tennessee General Assembly has passed the Waste Reduction Act of 1990. The act requires large and small quantity generators to complete hazardous waste reduction plans by January 1, 1992 and January 1. 1994. respectively. Both the Department of Health and Environment and CIS are committed to helping industries comply with environmental mandates and assuring a safe environment through technical assistance and training.

The state has a waste-end tax, created for the purpose of funding the state Superfund program. that has the added benefit of encouraging waste minimization.

Regionally. Tennessee participated in the Southeast Hazardous Waste Roundtable (Region IV EPA, 1V A, DOE and eight states) and is cooperating in a regional capacity assurance analysis by the SARA subCOmmittee of the roundtable.

A-13

2, State Contacts

a. Mr. Daniel E. Cooper Alabama Department of Environmental Management Waste Minimization Advisory Committee 175 1 Dicklnson Drive Montgomery, Alabama 36 130 (205) 271-7939

b. Dr. John E. Moeller Hazardous Material Management and Resource Recovery Program University of Alabama (205) 348-6 100

c. Mr. Russell Barnett Deputy Commissioner Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection 18 Reilly Road FranMbrt, Kentucky 4060 1 (502) 564-2 150

d. Dr.DonHill Chemical Engineering P.O. Drawer Cn Jackson, Mississippi 39762 (60 1) 325-2480

e. Mr. Tom Whitten Department of Environmental Quality & Natural Resources P.O. Box 10385 Jackson, Mississippi 39205 (60 1) 96 1-524 1

f. Mr. John Green Mississippi Environmental Protection Council The Bureau of Pollution Control P.O. Box 10385 Jackson, Mississippi 39289-0385 (60 1) 96 1-5062

A- 14

2. State Contacts

a. Mr. Daniel E. Cooper Alabama Department of Environmental Management Waste M1nim1zation Advisory Committee 1751 Dickinson Drive Montgomery. Alabama 36130 (205) 271-7939

b. Dr. John E. Moeller Hazardous Material Management and Resource Recovery Program University of Alabama (205) 348-6100

c. Mr. Russell Barnett Deputy Commissioner Kentucky Department of Environmental Protection 18 Reilly Road Frankfort. Kentucky 40601 (502) 564-2150

d. Dr. Don Hill Chemical Engineering P.O. Drawer Cn Jackson. Mississippi 39762 (601) 325-2480

e. Mr. Tom Whitten Department of Environmental Quality & Natural Resources P.O. Box 10385 Jackson. Mississippi 39205 (601) 961-5241

f. Mr. John Green Mississippi Environmental Protection Council The Bureau of Pollution Control P.O. Box 10385 Jackson. Mississippi 39289-0385 (601) 961-5062

A-14

g. Mr.GaryHunt North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Pollution Prevention Pays DEHNR P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, North Carolina 2761 1 (919) 773-7015

h. Janeth A. Campbell, Manager Florida Waste Reduction Assistance Program Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blairstone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400 (904) 488-0300

i. Ms. Susan Hendricks Georgia Environmental Protection Division 205 Butler Street, S.E. Suite 1154 Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (404) 656-7802

j. Mr.JimWalsh Hazardous Waste Technical Assist Georgia Tech Research Institute 042 O'Keefe Building Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (404) 894-34 12

k. Ms. Joyce St. Clair Kentucky Partners Speed Scientific School Emst Hall, Room 312 University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky 40292 (502) 588-7260

2 Program

A- 15

g. Mr. Gary Hunt North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Pollution Prevention Pays DEHNR P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, North Carolina 27611 (919) 773-7015

h. Janeth A. Campbell, Manager FlOrida Waste Reduction Assistance Program Department of Environmental Regulation 2600 Blairstone Road Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2400 (904) 488-0300

1. Ms. Susan Hendricks Georgia Environmental Protection Division 205 Butler Street. S.E. Suite 1154 Atlanta, Georgia 30334 (404) 656-7802

J. Mr. Jim Walsh Hazardous Waste Technical AsSistance Program Georgia Tech Research Institute 042 O'Keefe BuUding Atlanta, Georgia 30332 (404) 894-3412

k. Ms. Joyce St. Clair Kentucky Partners Speed Scientific School Ernst Hall, Room 312 University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky 40292 (502) 588-7260

A-l5

1. Ms. Judy Lund Solid Waste Management Section Department of Human Resources Raleigh, North Carolina (919) 733-2178

m. Mr. Jeff Debessonet Department of Environmental Systems Engineering Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0919

Mr. Jlm Ault, Executive Assistant Bureau of Environment Tennessee Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Environment 150 9th Ave. North Nashville, Tennessee 37247

(803) 656-5573 n.

(615) 741-3657 0. Mr. George Smelcer

Waste Reduction Assistance Program University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services 226 Capitol Boulevard Building Suite 401 Nashville, Tennessee 372 19- 1804 (6 15) 242-2456

p. Mr. Mohamed Elsaady Project Manager New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Hazardous Waste Management 401 E. State St, CN 028 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 (609) 292-834 1

MNTAP Minneapolis, Minnesota

q. Ms. Cindy McComas

A- 16

1. Ms. Judy Lund SoUd Waste Management Section Department of Human Resources Raleigh. North Carolina (919) 733-2178

m. Mr. Jeff Debessonet Department of Environmental Systems Engineering Clemson University Clemson. South Carolina 29634-0919 (803) 656-5573

n. Mr. Jim Ault. Executive Assistant Bureau of Environment Tennessee Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Environment 150 9th Ave. North Nashville. Tennessee 37247 (615) 741-3657

o. Mr. George Smelcer Waste Reduction Assistance Program University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services 226 Capitol Boulevard Building Suite 401 Nashville. Tennessee 37219-1804 (615) 242-2456

p. Mr. Mohamed Elsaady Project Manager New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Hazardous Waste Management 401 E. State St. CN028 Trenton. New Jersey 08625 (609) 292-8341

q. Ms. Cindy McComas MNrAP

'Minneapolis. Minnesota

A-16

C. Education and Industry

1. Education

a. Mr. Jeny Meldon Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Center for Environmental Management Tufts University Curtis Hall Medford, Massachusetts 02 155 (6 17) 38 1-3486

b. Mr. George Smelcer Cam Metcalf University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services 226 Capitol Boulevard Building Suite 401 Nashville, Tennessee 37219-1804 (6 15) 242-2456

c. Mr.BrianDay Director of Media Relations The Conservation Foundation 1250 24th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 293-4800

d. Dr. Thomas Overcamp Department of Environmental Systems Engineering Clemson University Clemson, South Carolina 29634-09 19 (803) 656-5573

e. Mr. Jimmy Holley Director Troy State Center for Environmental Research Troy, Alabama 36082 (205) 566-81 12 ext. 3496

A-17

c. Education and Industry

1. Education

a. Mr. Jerry Meldon Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering Center for Environmental Management Tufts University Curtis Hall Medford. Massachusetts 02155 (617) 381-3486

h. Mr. George Smelcer Cam Metcalf University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services 226 Capitol Boulevard Building SUite 401 Nashville. Tennessee 37219-1804 (615) 242-2456

c. Mr. Brian Day Director of Media Relations The Conservation Foundation 1250 24th Street. N.W. Washington. D.C. 20037 (202) 293-4800

d. Dr. Thomas Overcamp Department of Environmental Systems Engineering Clemson University Clemson. South Carolina 29634-0919 (803) 656-5573

e. Mr. Jimmy Holley Director Troy State Center for Environmental Research Troy.lUabama 36082 (205) 566-8112 ext. 3496

A-17

f.

g*

h.

i.

j.

k.

Dr. William Engel South Carolina Environmental naining Center Sumter Technical College Sumter, South Carolina 29150

Mr. Albert J. Fritsch Director, Appalachia Science in the Public Interest P.O. Box 298 Livingston, Kentucky 40445

Mr. Michael Overcash Ph.D. Department of Chemical Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27650

Mr. James W. Patterson Illinois Institute of Technology 3300 S. Federal Street Chicago, Illinois 60616

Dr. E.W. Colgazier Director Waste Management Research and Educational Institute University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-07 10

J. Carroll Duggan Waste Technology Program Tennessee Valley Authority 2F71B Old City Hall Building 600 West Summit HUl Dr. SW Knoxville, Tennessee 37902

(803) 778-6656 #

(606) 453-2 105

(9 19) 737-2434

(3 12) 567-3025

(6 15) 974-259 1

(615) 751-7310

A- 18

f. Dr. WUl1am Engel South Carolina Environmental Training Center Sumter Technical College Sumter, South Carolina 29150 (803) 778-6656

g. Mr. Albert J. Fritsch Director, Appalachia Science in the Public Interest P.O. Box 298 Uvingston, Kentucky 40445 (606) 453-2105

h. Mr. Michael Overcash Ph.D. Department of Chemical Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27650 (919) 737-2434

i. Mr. James W. Patterson Illinois Institute of Technology 3300 S. Federal Street Chicago, IllinoiS 60616 (312) 567-3025

j. Dr. E.W. Colgazier Director Waste Management Research and Educational Institute University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0710 (615) 974-2591

k. J. Carroll Duggan Waste Technology Program Tennessee Valley AuthOrity 2F71B Old City Hall Building 600 West Summit Hill Dr. SW Knoxville, Tennessee 37902 (615) 751-7310

A-18

1. Mr. Robert B. Pojasek PhD President ChemCycle Corporation 129 South Street Boston, Massachusetts 02 1 1 1 (6 17) 45 1-0922

m. Mr. Thomas F. Stanczyk Senior Vice-President RECRA Environmental, Inc. Amherst, New York (7 16) 69 1-2600

n. Government Institutes, Inc. 966 Hungerford Dr., # 24 Rockville, Maryland 20850

0. Executive Enterprises, Inc. (30 1) 25 1-9250

22 West 21st St. New York, New York 100 10-6904 (2 12) 645-7880

p. Mr. JackTowers Waste Reducation Services Chemical Waste Management 3001 Butterfield Rd. Hinsdale, Illinois 60521 (312) 218-1500

q. Mr. Marvin Drabbin Versar, Inc. 6850 Versar Center Springfield, Virginia 22 15 1 (703) 750-3000

r. Mr. GregoryA. Lorton Jacobs Engineerhg Group Hazardous & Toxic Materials Division 251 S. Lake Ave. Pasadena, California 9 1 10 1-3063 (818) 449-2171

A- 19

1. Mr. Robert B. Pojasek PhD President ChemCycle Corporation 129 South Street Boston. Massachusetts 02111 (617) 451-0922

m. Mr. Thomas F. Stanczyk Senior Vice-President RECRA Environmental. Inc. Amherst, New York (716) 691-2600

n. Government Institutes. Inc. 966 Hungerford Dr .. # 24 Rockville. Maryland 20850 (301) 251-9250

o. Executive Enterprises. Inc. 22 West 21st St. New York. New York 10010-6904 (212) 645-7880

p. Mr. Jack Towers Waste Reducation Services Chemical Waste Management 3001 Butterfield Rd. Hinsdale. Illinois 60521 (312) 218-1500

q. Mr. Marvin Drabbin Versar. Inc. 6850 Versar Center Springfield. Virginia 22151 (703) 750-3000

r. Mr. Gregory A Lorton Jacobs Engineering Group Hazardous & Toxic Materials Division 251 S. Lake Ave. Pasadena. California 91101-3063 (818) 449-2171

A-19

2. Corporate Rogi”s and Contacts

a. AT&T 550 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10022-3297 (2 12) 605-5500

b. Chevron 225 Bush Street San Francisco, California 94104 (415) 894-7700

c. American Cyanamid Company One Cyanamid Plaza Wayne, New Jersey 07470 (20 1) 83 1-2000

d. Mr. Joe h d s l y Environmental Quality Department Dow Chemical Company 2030 Willard H. Dow Center Midland, Michigan 48674

Mr. Gregory J. Holland, PhD Petrochemicals Department E.I. DuPont 1007 Market St. Wilxnington, Delaware 19898

(5 17) 636-2538 e.

(302) 774- 1000 f. Exxon Chemical Americas

1251 Ave. of the Americas New York, New York 10020 (2 12) 333-6900

g. Mr. Denny J. Beroiz Pamona Division General Dynamics Corporation Main Office: Plerre Laclede Center St. Louis, Missouri 63105-1861 (3 14) 889-8200

A-20

2. Corporate Programs and Contacts

a. AT&T 550 Madison Avenue New¥ork, New¥ork 10022-3297 (212) 605-5500

b. Chevron 225 Bush Street San Francisco, California 94104 (415) 894-7700

c. American Cyanamid Company One Cyanamid Plaza Wayne, New Jersey 07470 (201) 831-2000

d. Mr. Joe Undsly Environmental Quality Department Dow Chemical Company 2030 Willard H. Dow Center Midland, Michigan 48674 (517) 636-2538

e. Mr. Gregory J. Holland, PhD Petrochemicals Department E.!. DuPont 1007 Market St. Wilmington, Delaware 19898 (302) 774-1000

f. Exxon Chemical Americas 1251 Ave. of the Americas New¥ork, New¥ork 10020 (212) 333-6900

g. Mr. Denny J. Beroiz Pamona Division General Dynamics Corporation Main Office: Pierre Laclede Center St. Louis, Missouri 63105-1861 (314) 889-8200

A-20

h.

i.

j.

k.

1.

m.

n.

0.

General Electric 3135 Easton Turnpike Fairfield, Connecticutt 0643 1

Eastman Kodak Company 343 State Street Rochester, New York 14650

MI. Dennis Redington Monsanto Company 800 N Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63167

Occidental Chemical Corporation 5005 L.B.J. Parkway Dallas, Texas 75244

O h Corporation 120 Long Ridge Rd. Stamford, Connecticutt 06904- 1355

Polaroid Corporation 549 Technology Square Cambridge, Massachusetts 02 139

(203) 373-22 1 1

(716) 724-4000

(3 14) 694- 1000

(2 14) 404-3800

(203) 356-2000

(6 17) 577-2000 Shell Oil Company 4652 One Shell Plaza Houston, Texas 77001

Union Carbide Corporation 39 Old Ridgebury Rd. Danbury, Connecticutt 068 17-000 1

(713) 241-6161

(203) 794-2000

A-2 1

h. General Electric 3135 Easton Turnpike Fairfield, Connecticutt 06431 (203) 373-2211

i. Eastman Kodak Company 343 State Street Rochester, New York 14650 (716) 724-4000

j. Mr. Dennis Redington Monsanto Company 800 N Undbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63167 (314) 694-1000

k. Occidental Chemical Corporation 5005 L.B.J. Parkway Dallas, Texas 75244 (214) 404-3800

1. Olin Corporation 120 Long Ridge Rd. Stamford, Connecticutt 06904-1355 (203) 356-2000

m. Polaroid Corporation 549 Technology Square Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (617) 577-2000

n. Shell OU Company 4652 One Shell Plaza Houston, Texas 77001 (713) 241-6161

o. Union Carbide Corporation 39 Old Ridgebury Rd. Danbury, Connecticutt 06817-0001 (203) 794-2000

A-21

p. Dr. John S. Hunter I11 PhD 3M Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Department

St. Paul, Minnesota 55133 P. 0. BOX 33331 Bldg. 2 1-2W

(612) 778-4791 q. Hewlett Packard

3000 Hanover St. Palo Alto, California 94304 (415) 857-1501

r. Amoco Corporation 200 East Randolph Drive Chicago, Illinois 60601 (312) 856-61 11

s. Mr.FrankHartman Environmental Coordinator TRW Ross Gear Division P.O. Box 1790 Greeneville, 'r'ennessee 37743 (615) 639-8151

t. Mr. JoeBuba Director of Safety & Environment Arcata Graphics P.O. Box 305127 Nashville, Tennessee 37230 (6 15) 385-0460

u. Mr.Tim Lafever Manufacturing Supervisor Duriron Co., Inc. P.O. Box 2609 Cookeville, Tennessee 38502 (6 15) 432-402 1

v. Mr. Dick Caterall Master Chemical Company 107 Hunter Drive Mt. Juliet, Tennessee 37122

A-22

p. Dr. John S. Hunter III PhD 3M Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Department P. O. Box 33331 Bldg. 21-2W St. Paul, Minnesota 55133 (612) 778-4791

q. Hewlett Packard 3000 Hanover St. Palo Alto, California 94304 (415) 857-1501

r. Amoco Corporation 200 East Randolph Drive Chicago, Illinois 60601 (312) 856-6111

s. Mr. Frank Hartman Environmental Coordinator TRW Ross Gear Division P.O. Box 1790 Greeneville, Tennessee 37743 (615) 639-8151

t. Mr. Joe Buba Director of Safety & Environment Arcata Graphics P.O. Box 305127 Nashville, Tennessee 37230 (615) 385-0460

u. Mr. Tim Lafever Manufacturing Supervisor Duriron Co., Inc. P.O. Box 2609 Cookeville, Tennessee 38502 (615) 432-4021

v. Mr. Dick Caterall Master Chemical Company 107 Hunter Drive Mt. Juliet. Tennessee 37122

A-22

APPENDIX B

Audio-visual Materials Bibliography

Aluminum recycling: your next assignment (1988). Aluminum Association, Inc. Videocassette, 18 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

An ounce of prevention: reducing hazardous waste (1985). League of Women Voters. Slide presentation. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Beyond business as usual: meeting the challenge of hazardous waste. Signature Communications. Videocassette, 28 minutes, 30 seconds. EPA Region VIII. A copy may be borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154, 205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

Beyond business as usual: meeting the challenge of hazardous waste. Government Institutes, Inc. Videocassette, 28 minutes, 30 seconds. Distributed by the Government Institutes, Inc., 966 Hungerford Drive, ## 24, Rockville, Maryland 20850-1714, (301) 251-9250. Cost $98.00.

This tape explains the hazardous waste problems confronting the nation and the initiatives being undertaken by both government and industry leaders in three major waste reduction areas. This video offers an overview of the incentives for and benefits of waste minimization.

The burial ground. Commonwealth Films, Inc. Videocassette, 30 minutes, $395.00. Commonwealth Films, 223 Commonwealth Ave., Boston. MA., 02116. (617) 262-5634.

B- 1

APPENDIXB

Audio-visual Materials Bibliography

AlumlnUJD recycling: your next assignment (1988). Aluminum Association, Inc. Videocassette, 18 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

An ounce of prevention: reducing hazardous waste (1985). League of Women Voters. Slide presentation. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Beyond business as usual: meeting the challenge of hazardous waste. Signature Communications. Videocassette, 28 minutes, 30 seconds. EPA Region VIII. A copy may be borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program. Environmental Protection Division. Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154, 205 Butler St .. S.E.;Atlanta. Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

Beyond business as usual: meeting the challenge of hazardous waste. Government Institutes. Inc. Videocassette, 28 minutes. 30 seconds. Distributed by the Government Institutes, Inc., 966 Hungerford Drive, # 24, Rockville, Maryland 20850-1714, (301) 251-9250. Cost $98.00.

This tape explains the hazardous waste problems confronting the nation and the initiatives being undertaken by both government and industry leaders in three major waste reduction areas. This video offers an overview of the incentives for and benefits of waste minimization.

The burial ground. Commonwealth Films, Inc. Videocassette, 30 minutes. $395.00. Commonwealth Films, 223 Commonwealth Ave., Boston. MA., 02116. (617) 262-5634.

B-1

Drawn from actual cases, The Burial Ground shows how an environmental protection law violation begins, how it becomes a way of life and how it ends. The film illustrates important facts of life for the staf€of any waste generating operation: the generator is responsible for hazardous waste from cradle to the grave: any individual who knowingly creates a danger to health by improper waste disposal maybe prosecuted as a felon; and aguiltycompanymaysuffer heavy fines, damage suits and clean-up costs.

a forum: hazardous wastes. U.C. Berkeley. Videocassette, 59 minutes. Distributed by U. of California at Berkeley Educational Television Office. Extension Media Center, 2 176 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, CA 94704. (4 15) 642-0460.

Six expert panelists discuss the issues of hazardous waste in California, moderated by Ira Michael Heyman.

Chemical disposal. E.I. DuPont and Company. Videocassette, 11 minutes. Distributed by E.I. Du Pont and Company, P.O. Box 267, Brevard, NC 28712, (704) 885-5567. Contact Mr. Bill Bristol.

DiMcult choices about environmental protection. Domestic Policy Association. Videocassette, 1 1 minutes. Distributed by Domestic Policy Association, 5335 Far Hills Avenue, Dayton, Ohio 45429, (513) 434-7300.

Emerson Electric slide-tape show. Emerson Electric. Slides/Tape, 12 minutes. Contact Susan Smith, Associate Director for Natural Resource Management, Center for Improving Mountain Living, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723.

Environmental protection: a global commitment. Dow Chemical Company. Videocassette, 952 minutes. Contact Dan Fellner, Environmental Communications Department at Dow, (5 17)636-5765.

A look at various Dow environmental projects throughout the world. Includes several waste reduction projects, including chemolysis in Stade, West Germany and plastics recycling in Allyn's Point, Connecticut.

B-2

Drawn from actual cases, The Burial Ground shows how an environmental protection law violation beginS. how it becomes a way of life and how it ends. The film illustrates important facts of life for the staff of any waste generating operation: the generator is responsible for hazardous waste from cradle to the grave; any individual who knowingly creates a danger to health by improper waste disposal may be prosecuted as a felon; and a guilty company may suffer heavy fines, damage suits and clean-up costs.

CaUfornla forum: hazardous wastes. U.C. Berkeley. Videocassette. 59 minutes. Distributed by U. of California at Berkeley Educational TeleviSion Office. Extension Media Center, 2176 Shattuck Ave., Berkeley, CA 94704. (415) 642-0460.

Six expert panelists discuss the issues of hazardous waste in California, moderated by Ira Michael Heyman.

Chemical disposal. E.I. DuPont and Company. Videocassette, 11 minutes. Distributed by E.!. Du Pont and Company. P.O. Box 267. Brevard, NC 28712, (704) 885-5567. Contact Mr. Bill Bristol.

DifBcult choices about environmental protection. Domestic Policy Association. Videocassette, 11 minutes. Distributed by Domestic Policy Association, 5335 Far Hills Avenue, Dayton, Ohio 45429, (513) 434-7300.

Emerson Electric sUde-tape show. Emerson Electric. Slides/Tape, 12 minutes. Contact Susan Smith, Associate Director for Natural Resource Management, Center for Improving Mountain Living, Western Carolina UniverSity, Cullowhee, NC 28723.

Environmental protection: a global commitment. Dow Chemical Company. Videocassette, 9:52 minutes. Contact Dan Fellner, Environmental Communications Department at Dow, (517)636-5765.

A look at various Dow environmental projects throughout the world. Includes several waste reduction projects, including chemolysis in Stade, West Germany and plastics recycling in Allyn's Point, Connecticut.

B-2

Garbage. Environmental Studies Roject. Videocassette, 11 minutes. Distributed by Phoenix/BFA Films. 468 Park Ave. South, New York, New York 10016. (212) 684-5910 or (800) 221-1274.

This program explores garbage from several different angles, as art, as a menace and as an index to character.

The garbage explosion. Encyclopedia Britannica Education Corporation. videocassette, 16 minutes. Distributed by Britannica Films. 425 N Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 606 1 1. (800) 558-6968.

This film investigates the nature, volume and composition of solid wastes, presents advantages and disadvantages of current disposal methods and shows possible long-range solutions.

Hazardous waste. Nicolas J. Kaufman. Videocassette, 35 minutes. Distributed by Direct Cinema Limited. P.O. Box 69589, Los Angeles, CA 90069. (213) 656-4700.

This video shows how a group of concerned citizens organized themselves to clean up some of the 17,000 toxic chemical dumps that litter the countryside. Narrated by Hal Holbrook.

Hazardous waste. Nicolas J. Kaufman. Videocassette, 35 minutes. Distributed by Direct Cinema Limited. P.O. Box 69589, Los Angeles. CA 90069. (213) 656-4700.

Hal Holbrook narrates this look at possible solutions to the problem of toxic waste disposal.

Hazardous waste in Minnesota (1986). Minnesota Waste Management Board. Videocassette, 15 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

B-3

Garbage. Environmental StudIes Project. VIdeocassette. 11 minutes. Distributed by Phoenix/BFA Films. 468 Park Ave. South. New York. New York 10016. (212) 684-5910 or (800) 221-1274.

This program explores garbage from several different angles, as art. as· a menace and as an Index to character.

The garbage explosion. Encyclopedia Britannica Education Corporation. Videocassette. 16 minutes. Distributed by Britannica Films. 425 N Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60611. (800) 558-6968.

This film investigates the nature, volume and composition of solid wastes, presents advantages and disadvantages of current disposal methods and shows possible long-range solutions.

Hazardous waste. NIcolas J. Kaufman. Videocassette, 35 minutes. Distributed by Direct Cinema Limited. P.O. Box 69589, Los Angeles, CA 90069. (213) 656-4700.

This video shows how a group of concerned citizens organized themselves to clean up some of the 17,000 toxic chemical dumps that litter the countryside. Narrated by Hal Holbrook.

Hazardous waste. NIcolas J. Kaufman. Videocassette. 35 minutes. Distributed by Direct Cinema Limited. P.O. Box 69589, Los Angeles, CA 90069. (213) 656-4700.

Hal Holbrook narrates this look at possible solutions to the problem of toxic waste disposal.

Hazardous waste in Minnesota (1986). Minnesota Waste Management Board. Videocassette, 15 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

B-3

Hazardous waste management. Gulf Publishing Company. Videocassette, 20 minutes, Distributed by International Training Company. 330 1 Allen Parkway, P.O. Box 3881, Houston, Texas 77001. (713) 529-5928.

This program is designed to inform and motivate industrial personnel to work as a part of a team to manage hazardous waste.

Hazardous waste options. Environmental Protection Agency. Videocassette, 22 minutes, (404)347-42 16 or F T S 257-42 16.

Can be borrowed from EPA Region TV Library,

This film describes modem hazardous waste management technology, documenting acceptable methods for controlling hazardous wastes.

Hazardous waste, toxic stew and tough choices in Alabama (1989). University of Alabama School of Law, Environmental Law Society. Videocassette. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Science and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

It can't happen here. Commonwealth Films. Videocassette, 39 minutes. $450.00. Distributed by Commonwealth Films. 223 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA., 02 1 16. (6 17) 262-5634.

This docu-drama based on actual case records illustrates eight basic operational requirements for an effective waste management program. It is designed to train industrial supervisors and personnel to meet those requirements and to comply with environmental laws.

Junkdump. COMMUNICO Films. videocassette, 16 minutes. Distributed by AIMS Media Inc. 6901 Woodley Ave., Van Nuys, CA 91406-4878. (818) 785-41 11 or (800) 367-2467.

This video is concerned with the problems of disposing of solid wastes.

Less is more indeed: a video to the EPA. Master Chemical Corporation. Videocassette. May be borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154, 205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

B-4

Hazardous waste management. Gulf Publishing Company. Videocassette, 20 minutes~ Distributed by International Training Company. 3301 Allen Parkway, P.O. Box 3881. Houston, Texas 77001. (713) 529-5928.

This program is designed to inform and motivate industrial personnel to work as a part of a team to manage hazardous waste.

Hazardous waste options. Environmental Protection Agency. Videocassette, 22 minutes. Can be borrowed from EPA Region IV Library, (404)347-4216 or FTS 257-4216.

This fIlm deSCribes modem hazardous waste management technology, documenting acceptable methods for controlling hazardous wastes.

Hazardous waste, toxic stew and tough choices in Alabama (1989). University of Alabama School of Law, Environmental Law SOCiety. Videocassette. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Science and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

It can't happen here. Commonwealth Films. Videocassette, 39 minutes. $450.00. Distributed by Commonwealth Films. 223 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA., 02116. (617) 262-5634.

This docu-drama based on actual case records illustrates eight basic operational requirements for an effective waste management program. It is designed to train industrial supervisors and personnel to meet those requirements and to comply with environmental laws.

Junkdump. COMMUNICO Films. Videocassette, 16 minutes. Distributed by AlMS Media Inc. 6901 Woodley Ave., Van Nuys, CA 91406-4878. (818) 785-4111 or (800) 367-2467.

This video is concerned with the problems of disposing of solid wastes.

Less Is more indeed: a video to the EPA. Master Chemical Corporation. Videocassette. May be borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist. Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154, 205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

B-4

Less is more: pollutioa prevention is good business (1990). Waste Minimha tion Office, U.S. EPA. Videocassette, 23 minutes. Contact EPA at (202) 382-4807.

Less is more: pollution prevention is good business. Government Institutes, Inc. Videocassette, 22 minutes. Distributed by the Government Institute, Inc., 966 Hungerford Drive, ## 24, Rockville, Maryland 20850- 17 14, (30 1) 25 1-9250. Cost $98.00.

This tape examines numerous waste minimization "success stories" among a wide variety of large and small industries, highlighting those companies that have researched new methods to reduce and eliminate wastes that are generated through each of their diverse production processes.

Mobile/Transportable and stationary incineration systems for hazardous waste management. All American Environmental Corporation. Videocassette, 8:40 minutes. Vulcan Waste Systems, Inc. 140 53rd St., Brooklyn, New York, 11232. (718) 492-7400. A copy may be borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154,205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

The mountain in the city. New York Legislative Commission on Solid Waste Management. Videocassette, 52 minutes. Distributed by the New York State Education Department. Center for Learning Technologies, Media Distribution Network, Room C-7 Concourse Level, Cultural Education Center, Albany, New York 12230. (518) 474-3168.

This tape analyzes the problem of urban waste disposal.

1988 WRAP (Waste Reduction Always Pays) awards. Dow Chemical Company. Videocassette, 7:49 minutes. Contact Dan Fellner, Environmental Communications Department at Dow, (5 17) 636-5765.

Profiles six award-winning waste reduction projects at DOWs U.S. facilities.

B-5

Less is more: pollution prevention is good business (1990). Waste Minimization Office, U.S. EPA. Videocassette, 23 minutes. Contact EPA at (202) 382-4807.

Less Is more: pollution prevention is good business. Government Institutes, Inc. Videocassette, 22 minutes. Distributed by the Government Institute, Inc., 966 Hungerford Drive, # 24. Rockville, Maryland 20850-1714. (301) 251-9250. Cost $98.00.

This tape examines numerous waste minimization "success stories" among a wide variety of large and small industries, highlighting those companies that have researched new methods to reduce and eliminate wastes that are generated through each of their diverse production processes.

Mobile/Transportable and stationary incineration systems for hazardous waste management. All American Environmental Corporation. Videocassette, 8:40 minutes. Vulcan Waste Systems, Inc. 140 53rd St., Brooklyn. New York, 11232. (718) 492-7400. A copy may be borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program. Environmental Protection Division. Floyd Tower East. Suite 1154,205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

The mountain in the city. New York Legislative Commission on Solid Waste Management. Videocassette, 52 minutes. Distributed by the New York State Education Department. Center for Learning Technologies, Media Distribution Network, Room C-7 Concourse Level, Cultural Education Center, Albany, New York 12230. (518) 474-3168.

This tape analyzes the problem of urban waste disposal.

1988 WRAP (Waste Reduction Always Pays) awards. Dow Chemical Company. Videocassette, 7:49 minutes. Contact Dan Fellner, Environmental Communications Department at Dow, (517) 636-5765.

Profiles six award-winning waste reduction projects at DOWs U.S. facilities.

B-5

1987 WRkW (Waste Reduction Always Pays) awards. Dow Chemical Company. Videocassette, 8:40 minutes. Contact Dan Fellner, Environmental Communications Department at Dow, (517) 636-5765,

An overview of the WRAP program, followed by a profile of award-winning waste reduction projects at Dow’s U S . facilities.

Plastics and recycling (1988). National Broadcasting Company’s Today Show. Videocassette, 8 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Pollution prevention pays: we’re making it work. Slide/Tape or slide/script, 11 minutes. Contact Marilyn Webb, Supervisor, Division of Health Services Film Library, P.O. Box 209 1, Raleigh, NC 27602, (9 19) 733-347 1 *

Pollution prevention: the bottom line. Coastal Video Communications Corp. Videocassette, 24 minutes. Coastal Video Communications Corp. (804)-498-90 14, 1-800-767-7703. 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach, Virginia, 23452.

Apresentation on hazardous waste to Caraway Medical Center (1987). Center for Environmental Science and Research. Videocassette. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

RCRA: an introduction (1987). DuPont. Videocassette. Available from DuPont (800) 532-SAFE.

Recycled reflections. Me1 Sloan. Videocassette, 12 minutes. Distributed by FilmFair Communications. 10900 Ventura Blvd., P.O. Box 1728, Studio City, CA 91604. (818) 985-0244.

This film emphasizes the waste in automobile bumpers and follows the transforming of damaged bumpers into new ones.

B-6

1987 WRAP (Waste Reduction Always Pays) awards. Dow Chemical Company. Videocassette, 8:40 minutes. Contact Dan Fellner, Environmental Communications Department at Dow, (517) 636-5765.

An overview of the WRAP program, followed by a profile of award-winning waste reduction projects at Dow's U.S. faCilities.

Plastics and recycUng (1988). National Broadcasting Company's Today Show. Videocassette, 8 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Pollution prevention pays: we're making it work. Slide/Tape or slide/SCript, 11 minutes. Contact Marilyn Webb, Supervisor, Division of Health Services Film Library, P.O. Box 2091. Raleigh, NC 27602, (919) 733-3471.

Pollution prevention: the bottom Une. Coastal Video Communications Corp. Videocassette, 24 minutes. Coastal Video Communications Corp. (804)-498-9014, 1-800-767-7703. 3083 Brickhouse Court, Virginia Beach. Virginia, 23452.

A presentation on hazardous waste to Caraway Medical Center (1987). Center for Environmental Science and Research. Videocassette. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

RCRA: an introduction (1987). DuPont. Videocassette. Available from DuPont (800) 532-SAFE.

Recycled reflections. Mel Sloan. Videocassette, 12 minutes. Distributed by FilmFair Communications. 10900 Ventura Blvd., P.O. Box 1728, Studio City, CA 91604. (818) 985-0244.

This film emphasizes the waste in automobile bumpers and follows the transforming of damaged bumpers into new ones.

B-6

Recycling: a way of life. Amitai. Videocassette, 14 minutes. Distributed by FilmFair Communications. 10900 Ventura Blvd., P.O. Box 1728, Studio City, CA 91604. (818) 985-0244.

This program tells the hows, whys and wheres of aluminum recycling and looks at the problems of energy and resource conservation that are solved in the process.

Recycling in action. Amitai. Videocassette, 14 minutes. Distributed by FilmFair Communications. 10900 Ventura Blvd., P.O. Box 1728, Studio City, CA 91604. (818) 985-0244.

This video looks at the need to recycle solid waste products.

Recycling our resources. Janris Couillard. Videocassette, 10 minutes. Distributed by AIMS Media Inc. 6901 Woodley Ave., Van Nuys, CA 91406-4878. (818) 785-41 11 or (800) 367-2467.

This video looks at conservation and recycling of resources.

Recycling: the need is clear (1987). Videocassette, 10 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Recycling waste. Journal Films. Videocassette, 12 minutes. Distributed by Journal Films. Evanston. Illinois 60202. (312) 328-6700.

930 Pitner Ave.,

This program shows how raw materials can be conserved and pollution curbed by turning waste material into useful products.

Recycling: waste into wealth. Pathway Productions. Videocassette, 29 minutes. Distributed by Bulldog Films. Oley, PA 19547. (2 15) 779-8226.

This film outlines the benefits and actual process of mass recycling.

B-7

Recycling: a way of life. Amitai. Videocassette. 14 minutes. Distributed by FilmFair Communications. 10900 Ventura Blvd., P.O. Box 1728, Studio City, CA 91604. (818) 985-0244.

This program tells the hows, whys and wheres of aluminum recycling and looks at the problems of energy and resource conservation that are solved in the process.

RecycUng in action. Amitai. Videocassette. 14 minutes. Distributed by FilmFair Communications. 10900 Ventura Blvd., P.O. Box 1728. Studio City, CA 91604. (818) 985-0244.

This video looks at the need to recycle solid waste products.

Recycling our resources. Jarvis Couillard. Videocassette, 10 minutes. Distributed by AIMS Media Inc. 6901 Woodley Ave., Van Nuys, CA 91406-4878. (818) 785-4111 or (800) 367-2467.

This video looks at conservation and recycling of resources.

Recycling: the need is clear (1987). Videocassette, 10 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

RecycUng waste. Journal Films. Videocassette, 12 minutes. Distributed by Journal Films. 930 Pitner Ave .. Evanston. Illinois 60202. (312) 328-6700.

This program shows how raw materials can be conserved and pollution curbed by turning waste material into useful products.

RecycUng: waste into wealth. Pathway Productions. Videocassette, 29 minutes. Distributed by Bulldog Films. Oley. PA 19547. (215) 779-8226.

This film outlines the benefits and actual process of mass recycling.

B-7

Recycling within reach. St. Paul Neighborhood Energy Consortium. videocassette, 13 minutes. Contact St. Paul Neighbor Energy Consortium, 2429 University Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 551 14. (612) 644-5436. (Cost $20.00).

Small hazardous waste generators series: meeting the new regulations. North Carolina State University Media Service. Videocassettes, 46 minutes. Available from North Carolina State University Industrial Extension Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7902. (9 19) 737-2303.

Series includes:

Why me? 16 minutes.

What is a hazardous waste? 7 minutes.

Managing your hazardous waste: rules and recommended procedures. 4 minutes.

Waste management options. 19 minutes.

SMART (Save Money And Reduce Toxics) moves. Chevron. Videocassette, 2 1:26 minutes. Contact Kathy Meyer at Chevron (415) 894-3498. (Chevron Video Report ## 81).

The technology of trash. Caterpillar Tractor Company. Videocassette, 22 minutes. Distributed by New York State Education Department/Modem Talking Picture Service. (5 18) 474-3168.

This program shows how environmentally safe and economical answers to our waste problems lie in innovative sanitary landfill procedures.

3M success story. 3M. Videocassette, 10 minutes. Distributed by Environmental Engineering and Pollutfon Control Department, 3M, P.O. Box 33600, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55133.

Toxics in the workplace. Labor Institute of hb l i c Affairs. Videocassette, 30 minutes. Distributed by New York State Education Department. (518) 474-3168.

B-8

Recycling within reach. St. Paul Neighborhood Energy Consortium. Videocassette. 13 minutes. Contact St. Paul Neighbor Energy Consortium, 2429 University Ave., St. Paul. Minnesota 55114. (612) 644-5436. (Cost $20.00).

Small hazardous waste generators series: meeting the new regulations. North Carolina State University Media Service. Videocassettes, 46 minutes. AVailable from North Carolina State University Industrial ExtenSion Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7902. (919) 737-2303.

Series includes:

Why me? 16 minutes.

What is a hazardous waste? 7 minutes.

Managing your hazardous waste: rules and recommended procedures. 4 minutes.

Waste management options. 19 minutes.

SMART (Save Money And Reduce Toxies) moves. Chevron. Videocassette, 21:26 minutes. Contact Kathy Meyer at Chevron (415) 894-3498. (Chevron Video Report # 81).

The technology of trash. Caterpillar Tractor Company. Videocassette, 22 minutes. Distributed by New York State Education Department/Modem Talking Picture Service. (518) 474-3168.

This program shows how environmentally safe and economical answers to our waste problems lie in innovative sanitary landfill procedures.

3M success story. 3M. Videocassette. 10 minutes. Distributed by Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Department. 3M, P.O. Box 33600, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55133.

Toxies in the workplace. Labor Institute of Public Affairs. Videocassette, 30 minutes. Distributed by New York State Education Department. (518) 474-3168.

B-8

An electrical worker fights the Massachusetts legislature over "Right-to-Know" legislation that calls for the labeling of toxic chemicals in the workplace.

Toxic waste in America. Downtown Community Television Center. Videocassette, 25 minutes. Distributed by Downtown Community Television Center. 87 LaFayette St., New York, New York 10013. (212) 966-4510.

An examination of how peoples' lives can be destroyed by toxic waste.

Toxic waste: information is the best defense. League of Women Voters. Videocassette, 26 minutes. Distributed by Bulldog Films. Oley, PA 19547. (215) 779-8226.

In two parts this program shows how community groups can organize protests and ordinances to fight toxic waste dumping.

Untitled (1990). Doug Phillips, Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama. (For EPA Region rv). Videocassette, 25 minutes. Contact Greg Andrews at the Southern States Energy Board, (404) 242-7712.

Untitled (1990). California Waste Exchange. Videocassettes (2), 30 minutes each. Contact Cathy Barwick at the California Waste Exchange, (9 16) 323-9560.

These tapes in production will focus on waste minimization issues for the public. Will be completed in June 1990.

Untitled series (1 990). Ofnce of Pollution Prevention, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Videocassettes, 20-25 minutes each. Call (5 18) 485-8400.

A series of six videos is being produced concerning waste issues for small generators. The emphasis is on regulation, but waste minimization issues are covered. The videos focus on the automotive industry, dry cleaners, metal finishing, printing, laboratory wastes and schools and institutions. The videos on the automotive industry and printing industry are in final stages of editing.

B-9

An electrical worker fights the Massachusetts legislature over "Right-to-Know' legislation that calls for the labeling of toxic chemicals in the workplace.

Toxic waste in America. Downtown Community TeleviSion Center. Videocassette. 25 minutes. Distributed by Downtown Community Television Center. 87 LaFayette St .• New York. New York 10013. (212) 966-4510.

An examination of how peoples' lives can be destroyed by toxic waste.

Toxic waste: information is the best defense. League of Women Voters. Videocassette. 26 minutes. Distributed by Bulldog Films. Oley. PA 19547. (215) 779-8226.

In two parts this program shows how community groups can organize protests and ordinances to fight toxic waste dumping.

Untitled (l990). Doug Phillips. Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama. (For EPA Region IV). Videocassette, 25 minutes. Contact Greg Andrews at the Southern States Energy Board. (404) 242-7712.

Untitled (l990). California Waste Exchange. Videocassettes (2). 30 minutes each. Contact Cathy Barwick at the California Waste Exchange. (916) 323-9560.

These tapes in production will focus on waste minimization issues for the public. Will be completed in June 1990.

Untitled series (1990). Office of Pollution Prevention. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Videocassettes. 20-25 minutes each. Call (518) 485-8400.

A series of six videos is being produced concerning waste issues for small generators. The emphasis is on regulation, but waste minimization issues are covered. The videos focus on the automotive industry. dry cleaners. metal finishing. printing. laboratory wastes and schools and institutions. The videos on the automotive industry and printing industry are in final stages of editing.

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Urban ecology: garbage disposal. Jarvis Couillard Associates. Videocassette, 8 minutes. Distributed by Phoenix/BFAFilms. 468 Park Ave., New York, New York 10016. (212) 684-5910 or (800) 221-1274.

This program demonstrates how we must constantly look for ways to reduce the total amount of trash.

Visiting scholar Russell Susag on 3M's approach to pollution prevention. Videocassette, 90 minutes. Contact Susan Smith, Associate Director for Natural Resource Management, Center for Improving Mountain Living, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723.

A void of desolation (1985). Filmstrip. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

A filmstrip on toxic waste and its impact on our quality of life.

Waste busters (1988). American Broadcasting Company's 20/20. Videocassette, 20 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082 (205) 566-4424.

Waste Management Board: hazardous waste (1984). Videocassette, 30 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service., Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Waste "hat ion: a common sense solution to a complicated problem (1987-88). Center for Environmental Research and Service. Videocassette, 30 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205)

Waste not: reducing hazardous waste. Government Institutes, Inc. Videocassette, 35 minutes. Distributed by the Government Institutes, Inc., 966 Hungerford Dr., # 24, Rockville, Maryland, 20850. (301) 251-9250.

566-4424.

B- 10

Urban ecology: garbage disposal. Jarvis Couillard Associates. Videocassette, 8 minutes. Distributed by Phoenix/BFAFUms. 468 Park Ave. , New York, New York 10016. (212) 684-5910 or (800) 221-1274.

This program demonstrates how we must constantly look for ways to reduce the total amount of trash.

Visiting scholar Russell Susag on 3M's approach to pollution prevention. Videocassette, 90 minutes. Contact Susan Smith, Associate Director for Natural Resource Management. Center for Improving Mountain Living. Western Carolina University. Cullowhee. NC 28723.

A void of desolation (1985). Filmstrip. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service. Troy State University. Troy. Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

A filmstrip on toxic waste and its impact on our quality of life.

Waste busters (1988). American Broadcasting Company's 20/20. Videocassette. 20 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service. Troy State University. Troy. Alabama 36082 (205) 566-4424.

Waste Management Board: hazardous waste (1984). Videocassette, 30 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service .. Troy State University. Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Waste minimization: a common sense solution to a complicated problem (1987-88). Center for Environmental Research and Service. Videocassette, 30 minutes. May be borrowed from the Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy. Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

Waste not: reducing hazardous waste. Government Institutes, Inc. Videocassette, 35 minutes. Distributed by the Government Institutes, Inc .. 966 Hungerford Dr., # 24, Rockville, Maryland, 20850. (301) 251-9250.

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Waste not...want not. EPA Region IV. Videocassette, approximately 16 minutes. Available for loan from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1 154,205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

Waste products. Lynn Corcoran. Videocassette, 29 minutes. Distributed by Bulldog Films. Oley, PA 19547. (2 15) 779-8226.

The problems of waste disposal in our society are made plain, along with alternative solutions.

Waste: recycling the world. Hobel Leiterman. Videocassette. Distributed by Document Associates/The Cinema Guild. 1697 Broadway, Suite 802, New York, New York 10019. (212) 246-5522.

This film addresses the problem of excessive waste materials accumulating in some cities and measures undertaken or planned that will stem the flow of garbage.

Waste reduction assessment and technology transfer teleconference [ 1990). University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services. GVideocassettes, 15 hours, $395.00. University ofTennessee Center for Industrial Services, 226 Capitol Blvd., Suite 40 1, Nashville, Tennessee 372 19. (6 15) 242-2456.

This 15-hour, three volume series contains the Waste Reduction Assessment and Technology Transfer Teleconference in its entirety. The tapes provide industry and state waste reduction program and regulatory personnel with practical information on how to approach and implement a multimedia waste reduction program. Successful company case studies and significant issues in waste reduction are presented.

Waste reduction assessment opportunities ( 1989). TVA-University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services-University of North Carolina at Asheville Environmental Quality Institute. Videocassette, 32 minutes. Not currently being distributed. A copy may be

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Waste not ... want not. EPA Region IV. Videocassette. approximately 16 minutes. Available for loan from Susan D. Hendricks. Environmental Specialist. Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154,205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

Waste products. Lynn Corcoran. Videocassette, 29 minutes. Distributed by Bulldog Films. Oley, PA 19547. (215) 779-8226.

The problems of waste disposal in our society are made plain, along with alternative solutions.

Waste: recycUng the world. Hobel Leiterman. Videocassette. Distributed by Document Associates/The Cinema Guild. 1697 Broadway, Suite 802, New York, New York 10019. (212) 246-5522.

This film addresses the problem of excessive waste materials accumulating in some cities and measures undertaken or planned that will stem the flow of garbage.

Waste reduction assessment and technology transfer teleconference (1990). University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services. 6Videocassettes, 15 hours, $395.00. University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services, 226 Capitol Blvd., Suite 401, Nashville, Tennessee 37219. (615) 242-2456.

This 15-hour. three volume series contains the Waste Reduction Assessment and Technology Transfer Teleconference in its entirety. The tapes provide industIy and state waste reduction program and regulatory personnel with practical information on how to approach and implement a multimedia waste reduction program. Successful company case studies and significant issues in waste reduction are presented.

Waste reduction assessment opportunities (1989). 1VA-University of Tennessee Center for Industrial Services-University of North Carolina at Asheville Environmental Quality Institute. Videocassette, 32 minutes. Not currently being distributed. A copy may be

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borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks, Environmental Specialist, Hazardous Waste Management Program, Environmental Protection Division, Floyd Tower East, Suite 1154, 205 Butler St., S.E., Atlanta, Georgia, 30334. (404) 656-7802.

This video was shot during a three-week on-site training course sponsored by TVA, UTCIS and the Environmental Quality Institute at UNCA. Other videos are planned, including a tape on waste reduction for industry workers and managers, according to Mr. J. Carroll Duggan of the Waste Technology Program at 'IVA.

Waste: the penalty of affluence. Heinrich Feuter. Videocassette, 18 minutes. Distributed by International Film Bureau. 332 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Illinois 60604. (3 12) 427-4545.

Outlines the environmental hazards of improper disposal of household, commercial and industrial wastes and demonstrates three basic measures of disposal: sanitary landfills, composting and incineration.

Wasting away: Alabama's waste problem (1988). WVTM-TV Channel, Birmingham, AL. Videocassette, 15 minutes. May be borrowed from The Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

What you don't know can hurt you: an EPA teleconference for small quantity generators, Part I and II(l987). Videocassette. May be borrowed from Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University, Troy Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

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borrowed from Susan D. Hendricks. Environmental Specialist. Hazardous Waste Management Program. Environmental Protection Division. Floyd Tower East. Suite 1154. 205 Butler St .• S.E .. Atlanta. Georgia. 30334. (404) 656-7802.

This video was shot during a three-week on-site training course sponsored by 1V A, UTCIS and the Environmental Quality Institute at UNCA. Other videos are planned. including a tape on waste reduction for industIy workers and managers. according to Mr. J. Carroll Duggan of the Waste Technology Program at1VA.

Waste: the penalty of affluence. Heinrich Feuter. Videocassette. 18 minutes. Distributed by International Film Bureau. 332 S. Michigan Ave .. Chicago. Illinois 60604. (312) 427-4545.

Outlines the environmental hazards of improper disposal of household, commercial and industrial wastes and demonstrates three baSic measures of disposal: sanitary landfills, compostlng and incineration.

Wasting away: Alabama's waste problem (1988). WVfM-1V Channel, Birmingham, AL. Videocassette. 15 minutes. May be borrowed from The Center for Environmental Research and Service. Troy State University. Troy, Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

What you don't know can hurt you: an EPA teleconference for small quantity generators, Part I and n (1987). Videocassette. May be borrowed from Center for Environmental Research and Service, Troy State University. Troy Alabama 36082. (205) 566-4424.

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APPENDIX C

Waste Exchanges and Waste Minimization Clearinghouses

A. Waste Exchanges

1. California Waste Exchange Robert McConnick David Hartley Terri McCaulley Department of Health Services Toxic Substances Control Division Alternative Technology Section Post Office Box 942732 Sacramento, CA 94234-7320 (9 16) 324- 1807

2. Great Lakes Regional Waste Exchange

470 Market St. SW Suite lOOA Grand Rapids, MI 49503

wmanl Stough

(6 16) 363-3262

3. Indiana Waste Exchange Dr. Lynn Corson Debbie Bryant Rick Bosingham Purdue University School of Engineering Civil Engineering Bldg. West LaFayette, IN 47907 (3 17) 494-5036 1-800-669-6004

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APPENDIXC

Waste Exchanges and Waste Minimization Clearinghouses

A. Waste Exchanges

1. California Waste Exchange Robert McConmck David Hartley Terri McCaulley Department of Health Services Toxic Substances Control Division Alternative Technology Section Post Office Box 942732 Sacramento. CA 94234-7320 (916) 324-1807

2. Great Lakes Regional Waste Exchange William Stough 470 Market St. SW Suite 100A Grand Rapids. MI 49503 (616) 363-3262

3. Indiana Waste Exchange Dr. Lynn Corson Debbie Bryant Rick Bosingham Purdue University School of Engineering Civil Engineering Bldg. West LaFayette. IN 47907 (317) 494-5036 1-800-669-6004

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4. Industrial Material Exchange Service Ms. Diana Shockey P.O. Box 19276 Springfield, IL 62794-9276 (2 17) 782-0450

5. Industrial Material Recycling Program Marion Mudar New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation 50 Wolf Road Albany,NY 12205 (518) 457-4138

6. Industrial Waste Information Exchange William E. Payne New Jersey Chamber of Commerce 5 Commerce St. Newark, New Jersey 07 102 (20 1) 623-7070

7. Montana Industrial Waste Exchange Don Ingles Montana Chamber of Commerce P.O.Box 1730 Helena, M T 59624 (406) 442-2405

8. Northeastern Industrial Waste Exchange Lewis M. Culter 90 Presidential Plaza Suite 122 Syracuse, NY 13202 (3 15) 422-6572

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4. Industrial Material Exchange Service Ms. Diana Shockey P.O. Box 19276 Springfield,IL 62794-9276 (217) 782-0450

5. Industrial Material Recycling Program Marion Mudar New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation 50 Wolf Road Albany, NY 12205 (518) 457-4138

6. Industrial Waste Information Exchange William E. Payne New Jersey Chamber of Commerce 5 Commerce St. Newark, New Jersey 07102 (201) 623-7070

7. Montana Industrial Waste Exchange Don Ingles Montana Chamber of Commerce P.O. Box 1730 Helena, MT 59624 (406) 442-2405

8. Northeastern Industrial Waste Exchange Lewis M. Culter 90 Presidential Plaza Suite 122 Syracuse, NY 13202 (315) 422-6572

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9. Southeast Waste Exchange Ms. M a e L. May Urban Institute UNCC Station Charlotte, NC 28223 (704) 547-2307

10. Southem Waste Information Exchange Roy Hemdon Eugene B. Jones J.E. Moerlins P.O. Box 960 Tallahassee, FL 32302 (904) 574-6704

11. Alberta Waste Materials Exchange Mr. william c. Kay Alberta Research Council Post Office Box 8330 Postal Station F Edmonton, Alberta CANADAT6H 5x2 (403) 450-5408

12. British Columbia Waste Exchange Ms. JudyToth 2150 Maple Street Vancouver, B.C. V6J 3T3 (604) 73 1-7222

13. Canadian Chemical Exchange Mr. Phillippe LaRoche P.O. Box 1135 Ste-Adele, Quebec CANADA JOR 1LO (5 14) 229-65 1 1

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9. Southeast Waste Exchange Ms. Maxie L. May Urban Institute UNCC Station Charlotte, NC 28223 (704) 547-2307

10. Southern Waste Infonnation Exchange Roy Herndon Eugene B. Jones J .E. Moerlins P.O. Box 960 Tallahassee,FL 32302 (904) 574-6704

11. Alberta Waste Materials Exchange Mr. William C. Kay Alberta Research Council Post Office Box 8330 Postal Station F Edmonton, Alberta CANADA T6H 5X2 (403) 450-5408

12. British Columbia Waste Exchange Ms. Judy Toth 2150 Maple Street Vancouver, B.C. V6J 3T3 (604) 731-7222

13. Canadian Chemical Exchange Mr. Phillippe LaRoche P.O. Box 1135 Ste-Adele, Quebec CANADAJOR lLO (514) 229-6511

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14. Canadian Waste Materials Exchange OKIECH International Dr. Robert Laughlin 2935 Speakman Drive Mississauga, Ontario CANADA L5K 1B3 (416) 822-4111 Ext. 265

15. Enkarn Research Corporation P.O. Box 590 Albany. New York 12202 (5 18) 436-9684

16. Enstar Corporation Mr. J.T. Engster P.O. Box 189 Latham, NY 12110 (5 18) 785-0470

17. Georgia Waste Exchange Clinton Hammond Business Council of Georgia P.O. Box 7178, Station A Marietta, Georgia 30065 (404) 448-0242

18. Industrial Materials Exchange Mr. Jerry Henderson 172 20th Avenue Seattle, WA 98122 (206) 296-4633

19. Manitoba Waste Exchange Mr. James Ferguson c/o Biomass Energy Institute, Inc. 1329 Niakwa Road Winnipeg, Manitoba CANADA FUJ 3T4 (204) 257-389 1

14. Canadian Waste Materials Exchange ORfECH International Dr. Robert Laughlin 2935 Speakman Drive Mississauga. Ontario CANADA LSK 1B3 (416) 822-4111 Ext. 265

15. Enkarn Research Corporation P.O. Box 590 Albany. New York 12202 (518) 436-9684

16. Enstar Corporation Mr. J.T. Engster P.O. Box 189 Latham. NY 12110 (518) 785-0470

17. Georgia Waste Exchange Clinton Hammond Business Council of Georgia P.O. Box 7178. Station A Marietta. Georgia 30065 (404) 448-0242

18. Industrial Materials Exchange Mr. Jerry Henderson 172 20th Avenue Seattle, WA 98122 (206) 296-4633

19. Manitoba Waste Exchange Mr. James Ferguson c/o Biomass Energy Institute, Inc. 1329 Niakwa Road Winnipeg, Manitoba CANADA R2J 3T4 (204) 257-3891

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20. New Hampshire Waste Exchange Mr, Gary Olson c/o NHRRA P.O. Box 721 Concord, NH 03301 (603) 224-6996

21. Ontario Waste Exchange ORTECH International Ms. Linda Varangu 2395 Speakman Drive Mississauga, Ontario CANADA L5K 1B3 (416) 822-4111 Ext. 512

22. Pacific Materials Exchange Mr. Bob Smee South 3707 Godfrey Blvd. Spokane, WA 99204 (509) 623-4244

23. Peel Regional Waste Exchange Mr. Glen Milbury Regional Municipality of Peel 10 Peel Center Drive Brampton, Ontario CANADA L6T 4B9 (416) 791-9400

24. RENEW Ms. Hope Castillo Texas Water Commission P.O. Box 13087 Austin, TX 7871 1-3087 (5 12) 463-7773

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20. New Hampshire Waste Exchange Mr. Gary Olson c/o NHRRA P.O. Box 721 Concord. ~ 03301 (603) 224-6996

21. Ontario Waste Exchange ORfECH International Ms. Unda Varangu 2395 Speakman Drive Mississauga. Ontario CANADA LSK 1B3 (416) 822-4111 Ext. 512

22. Pacific Materials Exchange Mr. Bob Smee South 3707 Godfrey Blvd. Spokane. WA 99204 (509) 623-4244

23. Peel Regional Waste Exchange Mr. Glen Milbury Regional Municipality of Peel 10 Peel Center Drive Brampton. Ontario CANADA L6T 4B9 (416) 791-9400

24. RENEW Ms. Hope Castillo Texas Water Commission P.O. Box 13087 Austin. TX 78711-3087 (512) 463-7773

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25. Resource Exchange & News Ms. Kay Ostrowski 400 Ann Street, N.W. Suite 201-A Grand Rapids, MI 49504-2054 (616) 363-3262

26. San Francisco Waste Exchange Ms. Portia Sinnott 2524 Benvenue # 35 Berkeley, CA 94704 (4 15) 548-6659

27. Wastelink, Division of Tencon, Inc. Ms. Mary E. Malotke 140 Wooster Pike Milford, OH 45150 (513) 248-1094

28. Midwest Industrial waste Exchange Clyde H. Wiseman Ten Broadway St. Louis, Missouri 63102 (314) 231-5555

29. Resource Recovery of America P.O. Box 75283 Tampa, Florida 33675-0283 (8 13) 248-9000

30. Tennessee Waste Exchange Sharon Bell Tennessee Manufacturing Association 501 Union Bldg., STE. 601 Nashville, Tennessee 372 19 (615) 256-5141

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25. Resource Exchange & News Ms. Kay Ostrowski 400 Ann Street, N.W. Suite 201-A Grand Rapids, MI 49504-2054 (616) 363-3262

26. San Francisco Waste Exchange Ms. Portia Sinnott 2524 Benvenue # 35 Berkeley, CA 94704 (415) 548-6659

27. Wastelink, Division of Tencon, Inc. Ms. Mary E. Malotke 140 Wooster Pike Milford, OH 45150 (513) 248-1094

28. Midwest Industrial waste Exchange Clyde H. Wiseman Ten Broadway St. Louis, Missouri 63102 (314) 231-5555

29. Resource Recovery of America P.O. Box 75283 Tampa, Florida 33675-0283 (813) 248-9000

30. Tennessee Waste Exchange Sharon Bell Tennessee Manufacturing Association 501 Union Bldg., STE. 601 Nashville, Tennessee 37219

. (615) 256-5141

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3 1. Western Waste Exchange Dr. Nicholas Hild ASU Center for Environmental Studies Tempe, Arizona 85287 (602) 965-2975

32. Zero Waste Systems 2928 Poplar Street Oakland, California 94608 (4 15) 893-826 1

B. Waste Minimization Clearinghouses

1. Waste Minimiza tion Resource Center for the Southeast Gary Hunt, Director 512 North Salisbury Street P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, North Carolina 2761 1-7687 1-800-476-8686, (9 19) 733-70 15

2. Chemical Manufacturers Association 2501 M Street Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 887- 1 100

3. National Solid Waste Management Association 1730 mode Island Ave. 20036 Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 659-46 13

4. National Resource Recovery Association 1620 Eye Street N W Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 293-7330

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31. Western Waste Exchange Dr. Nicholas HUd ASU Center for Environmental Studies Tempe. Arizona 85287 (602) 965-2975

32. Zero Waste Systems 2928 Poplar Street Oakland. California 94608 (415) 893-8261

B. Waste Minimization Clearinghouses

1. Waste Minimization Resource Center for the Southeast Gary Hunt. Director 512 North Salisbury Street P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh. North Carolina 27611-7687 1-800-476-8686. (919) 733-7015

2. Chemical Manufacturers Association 2501 M Street Washington. D.C. 20037 (202) 887-1100

3. National Solid Waste Management Association 1730 Rhode Island Ave. 20036 Washington. D.C. 20036 (202) 659-4613

4. National Resource Recovery Association 1620 Eye Street NW Washington. D.C. 20006 (202) 293-7330

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5. Hazardous Waste Treatment Council Richard Fortuna 1440 New York Ave., Suite 3 10 Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 783-0870

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5. Hazardous Waste Treatment Council Richard Fortuna 1440 New York Ave., Suite 310 Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 783-0870

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APPENDIX D

Selected Bibliography

Adams, J.H. "Multistep process for waste "iza tion and material recovery." Pollution Engineering 19. November 1987. pp. 44-46. Alm, Alvin. 'Waste reduction." Environmental Science & Technology 23. March 1989. p. 271.

tion survey in Barkenbus, Jack N. "Industrial response to a waste "mza Tennessee." JAPCA 39. July 1989. pp. 921-26. Campbell, Monica E, PrQFtfiom pollution prevention: a guide to industrial waste reduction and recycling. Pollution Probe Foundation, 1982. C a s e summaries of waste reduction by industries in the Southeast. Waste Reduction Resource Center for the Southeast. July 1989. "Companies answer Tufts University survey questions on waste minim ization programs." Hazardous Waste Report. June 27, 1988. pp. 9-12. "Congress urged to adopt new national policies to reduce waste generation, increase recycling.'' BNA's Environment Reporter 20. November 10, 1989. pp.

. .

1268- 1269. "Conservation Foundation awarded $160,000 to run source reduction workshops for trash." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. June 2, 1989. pp. 203-204. Council on Economic FWorities Staff'. Hazardous waste management: reducing the risk. Island California, 1985. Cox, GeraldineV. 'Waste minimization in the chemical industry." Environmental Science & Technology 22. September 1988. pp. 1003-1004. Cranford, Bruce. "Federally sponsored waste minimization research and development for hazardous and non-hazardous wastes." JAPCA 39. January

Dawson, Gaynor W. Hazardous waste management. Wiley, 1986. Dorfman, Mark. Hazardous waste reduction: Four state programs (New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio & Cal(fornia). INFORM, 1989. Drabkin, Marvin. 'The waste minimization assessment: a useful tool for the reduction of industrial hazardous wastes." JAPCA 38. December 1988. pp.

1989. pp. 34-39.

1530-4 1.

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APPENDIXD

Selected Bibliography

Adams, J.H. "Multistep process for waste minimization and material recovery." Pollution Engineering 19. November 1987. pp. 44-46.

AIm, Alvin. 'Waste reduction." Environmental Science & Technology 23. March 1989. p. 27l.

Barkenbus, Jack N. "Industrial response to a waste minimization survey in Tennessee." JAPCA 39. July 1989. pp. 921-26.

Campbell. Monica E. Projitfrom pollution prevention: a guide to industrial waste reduction and recycling. Pollution Probe Foundation, 1982.

Case summaries of waste reduction by industries in the Southeast. Waste Reduction Resource Center for the Southeast. July 1989.

"Companies answer Tufts University survey questions on waste minimization programs." Hazardous Waste Report. June 27, 1988. pp. 9-12.

"Congress urged to adopt new national policies to reduce waste generation, increase recycling." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. November 10, 1989. pp. 1268-1269.

"Conservation Foundation awarded $160.000 to run source reduction workshops for trash." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. June 2. 1989. pp. 203-204.

Council on Economic Priorities Staff. Hazardous waste management: reducing the risk. Island California, 1985.

Cox, Geraldine V. 'Waste minimization in the chemical industry." Environmental Science & Technology 22. September 1988. pp. 1003-1004.

Cranford, Bruce. "Federally sponsored waste minimization research and development for hazardous and non-hazardous wastes." JAPCA 39. January 1989. pp. 34-39.

Dawson. GaynorW. Hazardous waste management. Wiley, 1986.

Dorfman, Mark. Hazardous waste reduction: Four state programs (New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio & California). INFORM. 1989.

Drabkin. Marvin. 'The waste minimiZation assessment: a useful tool for the reduction of industrial hazardous wastes." JAPCA. 38. December 1988. pp. 1530-41.

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"EPAannounces $3.2 million in state grants for training, waste " k a t i o n pilot projects." BNA's Environment Reporter 18. February 5, 1988. p. 21 15. "EPA draft pollution-prevention bill would allow limited emission pennit waivers." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. September 15, 1989. pp. 823-824. "EPApolicy on waste minimization emphasizes source reduction and multi-media approach." Hazardous Waste Report 9. July 11, 1988. pp. 1-3. "EPA readying waste reduction bill# Wolpe (D-MI), 170 others present their version." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. June 2, 1989. pp. 189-90. "EPA releases $3.6 million to states for " I T A waste "za tion programs." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. August 19,1988. p. 689. "EPA rewriting pollution prevention bill; Congress expected to receive draft by May 1, 1990." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. March 23, 1990. p. 1889.

"EPA sets strategy to reduce solid waste by 25 percent." Energy Notes 2. December 1988. p. 5. "Emerging waste cleanup technologies to be studied under EPA site program." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. November 11, 1988. pp. 1430-31. Environmental Defense Fund S W . Approaches to source reduction of hazardous wastes: practical guidance for existing policies and programs. California Institute, 1986. Evans, R.B. "Assessing hazardous waste problems." Environmental Science & Technolosy 18. November 1984. pp. 33+. Examples of biological waste minimization. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, April 1989. (EPA/600/D-89/073). "Export/import, waste " i z a t i o n reporting under EPA scrutiny in state capacity guidance." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. November 25, 1988. p. 1494. Farber, Kit. "Pollution abatement and control expenditures, 1984-87." Survey of Current Business 69. July 1989. Foreign practices in waste minimization: field studies of waste minimization practices in Japan, Canada and Europe. Center for Environmental Management, 1986.

Fournier, Stephen. Hazardous waste: training manual for superuisors. Business Legal Reports, 1985. Freeman, Harry, editor. Hazardous waste minimization. McGraw Hill Book Company, 1990.

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"EPA announces $3.2 million in state grants for training. waste minimization pilot projects." BNA's Environment Reporter 18. February 5, 1988. p. 2115.

"EPA draft pollution-prevention bill would allow limited emission permit waivers." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. September 15. 1989. pp. 823-824.

"EPA policy on waste minimization emphasizes source reduction and multi-media approach." Hazardous Waste Report 9. July II, 1988. pp. 1-3.

"EPA readying waste reduction bill# Wolpe (D-MI) , 170 others present their version." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. June 2, 1989. pp. 189-90.

"EPA releases $3.6 million to states for RITIA waste minimization programs." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. August 19,1988. p. 689.

"EPA rewriting pollution prevention bill; Congress expected to receive draft by May 1, 1990." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. March 23, 1990. p. 1889.

"EPA sets strategy to reduce solid waste by 25 percent." Energy Notes 2. December 1988. p. 5.

"Emerging waste cleanup technologies to be studied under EPA site program." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. November 11, 1988. pp. 1430-31.

Environmental Defense Fund Staff. Approaches to source reduction of haZardous wastes: practical guidance for existing policies and programs. California Institute. 1986.

Evans, R.B. "Assessing hazardous waste problems." Environmental Science & Technology 18. November 1984. pp. 33+.

Examples of biological waste minimization. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. April 1989. (EPA/600/D-89/073).

"Export/import, waste minimization reporting under EPA scrutiny in state capacity guidance." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. November 25, 1988. p. 1494.

Farber. Kit. "Pollution abatement and control expenditures, 1984-87." Survey of Current Business 69. July 1989.

Foreign practices in waste minimization: .field studies of waste minimization practices in Japan, Canada and Europe. Center for Environmental Management. 1986.

Fournier. Stephen. Hazardous waste: training manual for supervisors. Business Legal Reports. 1985.

Freeman, Harry. editor. Hazardous waste minimization. McGraw Hill Book Company, 1990.

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keeman, Harry M. "Hazardous waste "f ia t ion: a strategy for environmental improvement." JAPCA 38. January 1988. pp. 59-62. Friedlander, Sheldon K. "Pollution prevention: implications for engineering design, research and education." Enuironment 31. May 1989. pp. 10-15+. "Future risk emphasizes preventing pollution generation." Pollution Engineering 21. April 1989. pp. 49+. "General Dynamics eliminates 40 million pounds of hazardous waste in 4 years." Pollution Engineering 2 1. May 1989. pp. 7 1-78. Goldman, Benjamin. Hazardous waste managements reducing risks. C&P, 1986. Hanlon, Deborah A. "Ventura County hazardous waste " k a t i o n program." Journal ofEnuironmenta2 Health 49. May 1987. pp. 358-62. Hanson, David J. "Hazardous waste management: planning to avoid hture problems." Chemical & Engineering News 67. July 31, 1989. pp. 9-14+. Hanson, David. J. "Solid waste problem receiving more attention from Congress." Chemical & Engineering News. July 3, 1989. pp. 23-24. Harris, Christopher. Hazardous wastes: cowonting the challenge. Greenwood, 1987. Hawkes, Nigel. Toxic wastes & recycling. Frankin Watts Ltd., 1988. Hazardous and solid waste minimization. Government Institutes, Inc., 1987.

ous and solid waste minimization & recycling report. A monthly newsletter published by the Government Institutes, Inc. (301) 25 1-9250. "Hazardous waste " h a t i o n : hazardous waste " k a t i o n within the Department of Defense." JAPCA 38. August 1988. pp. 1042-50. Hazardous wastes 6t environmental emergencies: management, prevention,

up, and control. Hazardous Materials Control, 1984. Higgins, Thomas. Hazanlous waste minimization handbook. Lewis Publishers, 1989. Hileman, B. "Hazardous waste control." Environmental Science 6t Technology

Hirschhom, Joel S. "Cutting production of hazardous waste." Technology

Hirschhom, Joel S. "From facility siting to waste reduction." Forumfor Applied Research and Public Polllcy 2. Fall 1987. pp. 98-105.

17. July 1983. pp. 281A-285A.

R d e ~ 91. April 1988. pp. 52-61.

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Freeman. Harry M. "Hazardous waste minimization: a strategy for environmental improvement." JAPCA 38. January 1988. pp. 59-62.

Friedlander. Sheldon K. "Pollution prevention: implications for engineering design, research and education." Environment 31. May 1989. pp. 10-15+.

"Future risk emphasizes preventing pollution generation." Engineering 21. April 1989. pp. 49+.

Pollution

"General Dynamics eliminates 40 million pounds of hazardous waste in 4 years." Pollution Engineering 21. May 1989. pp. 71-78.

Goldman, Benjamin. Hazardous waste management: reducing risks. C&P, 1986.

Hanlon. Deborah A 'Ventura County hazardous waste minimization program." Journal of Environmental Health 49. May 1987. pp. 358-62.

Hanson, David J. "Hazardous waste management: planning to avoid future problems." Chemical & Engineering News 67. July 31. 1989. pp.9-14+.

Hanson, David. J. "Solid waste problem receiving more attention from Congress." Chemical & Engineering News. July 3. 1989. pp. 23-24.

Harris. Christopher. Hazardous wastes: corifronting the challenge. Greenwood. 1987.

Hawkes. Nigel. Toxic wastes & recycling. Frankin Watts Ltd., 1988.

Hazardous and solid waste minimization. Government Institutes. Inc .• 1987.

Hazardous and solid waste minimization & recycling report. A monthly newsletter published by the Government Institutes. Inc. (30l) 251-9250.

"Hazardous waste minimization: hazardous waste minimization within the Department of Defense." JAPCA 38. August 1988. pp. 1042-50.

Hazardous wastes & environmental emergencies: management, prevention, cleanup, and control. Hazardous Materials Control. 1984.

Higgins. Thomas. Hazardous waste minimization handbook. Lewis Publishers. 1989.

Hileman, B. "Hazardous waste control." Environmental Science & Technology 17. July 1983. pp. 281A-285A.

Hirschhorn, Joel S. "Cutting production of hazardous waste." Technology ReView 91. April 1988. pp. 52-61.

Hirschhorn, Joel S. "From facility siting to waste reduction." Forumfor Applied Research and Public Policy 2. Fall 1987. pp. 98-105.

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Hirschhom, Joel S. "Hazardous waste: prevention or cleanup?" Environmental Science 6t TechnoZggy 21. June 1987. pp. 532-533. Hirschhom, Joel S. 'The obstacles to waste reduction." Chemical Engineering Progr-85. June 1989. pp. 31-35. Hirschhom, Joel S. "Preventing industry waste." EPA Journal 16. January/February 1990. pp. 36-39. Hodgeseopple, John. "Mhimking solid waste." Growth and Environmental Management. Issue 1, 1989. pp. 1-22. Huisingh, Donald W. Proven profitsfiom pollution prevention: case studies in resource conservation and waste reduction. Institute for hea l Self-Reliance, 1986. Hunt, Gary and Schecter, Roger. Pollution Prevention Bibliography. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, September 1987.

ter, John S. "Life cycle approach to effective waste rninimiza tion." JAPCA . October 1987. pp. 1206-10.

Hurst, K. The nextfiontier: solid waste source reduction. Community Environmental Council, Inc., 1988. Intereg Compliance Group Staff. Hazardous waste SQG workbook. Intereg, 1986. Karras, Greg. "Polluti prevention: the Chevron story." Environment 3 1. October 1989. pp. 4-5+ Kundell, James E. Hazardous waste managementfacility siting in Georgia. Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia, 1987. Kundell, James E. Municipal solid waste management in Georgia: policy alternatives. Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia, 1989. "Legislators threaten to amend Wolpe (D-MI) bill: EPA rethinks prevention office reorganization." B M s Environment Reporter 20. November 11, 1989. pp.

"Legislators amend Wolpe (D-MI) waste "za ' tion bill." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. November 10, 1989. pp. 1264-1265. Levenson, Howard. 'Wasting away: policies to reduce trash toxicity and quantity." Environment 32. March 1990. pp. 10-15, 31-36. "Long-stalled waste " f i a t i o n bill reported# House panel's bill would fund EPA office, grants." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. June 24, 1988. p. 259.

1264-65.

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Hirschhorn. Joel S. "Hazardous waste: prevention or cleanup?" Environmental Science & Technology 21. June 1987. pp. 532-533.

Hirschhorn. Joel S. 'The obstacles to waste reduction." Chemical Engineering Progress 85. June 1989. pp. 31-35.

Hirschhorn, Joel S. "Preventing industry waste." EPA Journal 16. January/February 1990. pp. 36-39.

Hodgescopple, John. "Minimizing soUd waste." Growth and Environmental Management. Issue I, 1989. pp. 1-22.

Huisingh, Donald W. Proven profltsfrom pollution prevention: case studies in resource conservation and waste reduction. Institute for Local Self-ReUance, 1986.

Hunt, Gary and Schecter, Roger. Pollution Prevention Bibliography. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, September 1987.

Hunter, John S. "Ufe cycle approach to effective waste minimization." JAPCA. 37. October 1987. pp. 1206-10.

Hurst. K. The next frontier: solid waste source reduction. Community Environmental Council, Inc., 1988.

Intereg CompUance Group Staff. Hazardous waste SQG workbook. Intereg. 1986.

Karras. Greg. "Pollution prevention: the Chevron story." Environment 31. October 1989. pp. 4-5+.

Kundell. James E. Hazardous waste managementfacility siting in Georgia. Carl Vinson Institute of Government. University of Georgia. 1987.

Kundell, James E. Municipal solid waste management in Georgia: policy alternatives. Carl Vinson Institute of Government. University of Georgia, 1989.

"Legislators threaten to amend Wolpe (D-MI) bill: EPA rethinks prevention office reorganization." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. November 11. 1989. pp. 1264-65.

"Legislators threaten to amend Wolpe (D-MI) waste minimization bill." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. November 10, 1989. pp. 1264-1265.

Levenson, Howard. 'Wasting away: poliCies to reduce trash toxicity and quantity." Environment 32. March 1990. pp. 10-15.31-36.

"Long-stalled waste minimization bill reported# House panel's bill would fund EPA office, grants." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. June 24, 1988. p. 259.

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Mackie, J.A. "Hazardous waste management: the alternatives." Chemical Engineering. August 6, 1984. pp. 50-64. "Many states developing programs to minimize hazardous waste." Gouernors' Weekly Bulletin 23. March 24, 1989. p. 4. Martin, Larry. Proven prcrfiltsflom pollution prevention, VJZ: Case studies in resource conserrration & waste reduction. Institute for Local Self Reliance, 1989. Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling CorZference

: proceedings of theflrs tional coqfkrence on municipal solid nter for Environmental ement, 1988.

ANational Research Council stwprepared digest of the report on reducing hazardous waste generation. National Academy Press, 1985. Nemeth, Diane M. The resource recovery option in solid waste m ment: a r d e w guide for public omcials. Office of Renewable Technology, United States Department of Energy, 1983. 1987 hazardous waste generation and management report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987. (EPA Form 8700-13A/B (5-80) (Rev. 11-85) Revised 12-87). Oldenburg, Kirsten U. "Waste reduction." Environment 29. March 1987. pp.

Overcash, Michael R. "Hazardous waste reduction: measurement of progress." Hazardous Waste &Hazardous Materials 5. Number 3, 1988. pp. 251-266. Parker, William H. 111. "Cleanup and waste Illinimina tion at DOD." Hazardous Matdab Control 2. January/February 1989. pp. 54-57. Patterson, James W. "Industrial wastes reduction." Enuironmental Science & Technology 23. September 1989. pp. 1032+. Peterson, C. "Awaste reduction boom." Waste Age. February 1989. pp. 100- 106.

16-20+.

"Pollution prevention called new force in EPA regulations, manufacturing processes." BNA's Enuhnment Reporter 20. February 23, 1990. p. 1806. "Pollution prevention policy emphasizes multi-media source reduction measures .I' Hazardous Waste Report 10. January 30, 1989. Potential hazardous waste minimization in industry. Prepared for the National Governors' Association by ICFTechnology Incorporated, October 4,1988. Purcell, Arthur. Hazardous and solid waste minimization. Government Institutes. 1986.

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Mackie, J.A "Hazardous waste management: the alternatives." Chemical Engineering. August 6, 1984. pp. 50-64.

"Many states developing programs to minimize hazardous waste." Governors' Weekly Bulletin 23. March 24. 1989. p. 4.

Martin. Lany. Proven prqfits from pollution prevention, VB: case studies in resource conservation & waste reduction. Institute for Local Self Reliance. 1989.

Municipal Solid Waste Source Reduction and Recycling Coriference summary: proceedings ofthejirst national coriference on municipal solid waste. Center for Environmental Management. 1988.

A National Research Council stqffprepared digest of the report on reducing hazardous waste generation. National Academy Press. 1985.

Nemeth. Diane M. The resource recovery option in solid waste management: a reuiew guide for public officials. Office of Renewable Technology. United States Department of Energy. 1983.

1987 hazardous waste generation and management report. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1987. (EPA Form 8700-13A/B (5-80) (Rev. 11-85) Revised 12-87).

Oldenburg. Kirsten U. 'Waste reduction." Environment 29. March 1987. pp. 16-20+.

Overcash. Michael R. "Hazardous waste reduction: measurement of progress." Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials 5. Number 3. 1988. pp. 251-~66.

Parker. William H. III. "Cleanup and waste minimization at DOD." Hazardous Materials Control 2. January/February 1989. pp. 54-57.

Patterson. James W. "Industrial wastes reduction." Environmental Science & Technology 23. September 1989. pp. 1032+.

Peterson, C. "A waste reduction boom." Waste Age. February 1989. pp. 100-106.

"Pollution prevention called new force in EPA regulations, manufacturing processes." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. February 23. 1990. p. 1806.

"Pollution prevention policy emphasizes multi-media source reduction measures." Hazardous Waste Report 10. January 30, 1989.

Potential hazardous waste minimization in industry. Prepared for the National Governors' Association by ICFTechnology Incorporated. October 4. 1988.

Purcell. Arthur. Hazardous and solid waste minimization. Government Institutes. 1986.

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Redman, John. "Pollution is waste." The Chemical Engineer. June 1989. pp.

Reilly, William K, "Pollution prevention: an environmental god for the 90s." EPA Journal 16. January/February 1990. pp. 4-7. "Risingwaste disposal cost prods change in thinking." The Atlanta titution October 18, 1989. p. 11A

16-17+.

Rittmeyer, Robert. 'Waste minimization: a new solution to the age old problem of pollution control." E;3NsR. Number 1, 1989. pp. l+. Scanlon, Raymond D. Hazardous materials, hazardous waste: local management options, International City Management, 1987. Seldman, Neil. "Mass bum is dying." Environment 31. September 1989. pp.

e waste minimization branch created in EPA research, development

Spangler, Patty. "Reducing hazardous wastes." State Government News 30. September 1987. pp. 14-16. Stephan, David G. 'The EPA's approach to pollution prevention." Chemical Engineering Rogress 85. June 1989. pp. 53-58. US EPA research initiatives in waste reduction for small quantity hazardous waste generators. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September 1987. (EPA/600/M-87/024).

entino, F. William. "I strial waste reduction: the process problem."

Warner, David. 'Waste minimization standards." ASTM Standardization News

Waste minimizations and options. US. Environmental Protection Agency, October 1986. (EPA 530-SW-86-04 1).

ste minimization and waste reduction." Journal of the Water Pollution

Waste minimizations at the Department of Energy, Oak Ridge Operations Instatkztions. Central Waste Management Office, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., 1987. Waste minimization: environmental quality with economic benefit. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987. (EPA/530-SW-87-026).

42-44.

NA's Environment Reporter 19. July 29, 1988. p. 428.

ronment. September . pp. 16-20+.

15. April 1987. pp. 46-47.

ntrol Federatfon 61. February 1989. p. 184.

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Redman, John. "Pollution is waste." The Chemical Engineer. June 1989. pp. 16-17+.

Reilly. William K.. "Pollution prevention: an environmental goal for the 90s." EPA Journal 16. January/February 1990. pp. 4-7.

"Rising waste disposal cost prods change in thinking." The Atlanta Constitution October 18. 1989. p. 11A

Rittmeyer. Robert. 'Waste minimization: a new solution to the age old problem of pollution control." ENSR. Number 1. 1989. pp. 1+.

Scanlon. Raymond D. Hazardous materials, hazardous waste: local management options. International City Management. 1987.

SeIdman. Neil. "Mass bum is dying." Environment 31. September 1989. pp. 42-44.

"Separate waste minimization branch created in EPA research. development office." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. July 29. 1988. p. 428.

Spangler. Patty. "Reducing hazardous wastes." State Government News 30. September 1987. pp. 14-16.

Stephan. David G. 'The EPA's approach to pollution prevention." Chemical Engineering Progress 85. June 1989. pp. 53-58.

US EPA research initiatives in waste reduction for small quantity hazardous waste generators. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. September 1987. (EPA/600/M-87/024).

Valentino. F. William. "Industrial waste reduction: the process problem." Environment. September 1986. pp. 16-20+.

Warner. David. 'Waste minimization standards." ASTM Standardization News 15. April 1987. pp. 46-47.

Waste minimizations and options. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 1986. (EPA 530-SW-86-041).

'Waste minimization and waste reduction." Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 61. February 1989. p. 184.

Waste minimizations at the Department of Energy, Oak Ridge Operations Installations. Central Waste Management Office, Martin Marietta Energy Systems. Inc .. 1987.

Waste minimization: environmental quality with economic benefit. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1987. (EPA/530-SW-87-026).

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'Waste minimization: the goal is laudable, but the meaning debatable." BNA's Environment Repotter 18. October 30, 1987. pp. 1641-48. Waste minimization manual. Government Institutes, Inc., 1988. Waste minimization policy forum: guidance to generators on many waste minimization issues related to certification under the Hazardous and Solid Waste Act. Center for Environmental Management, 1987. 'Waste minirnlzation programs popular but implementation approach said unclear." BNA's Enuironment Reporter 19. May 13, 1988. pp. 36-37. "Waste minimization." Waste Management Report. March 18, 1987. pp. 1-2. Waste reduction assessment and technology transfer (WRAW training manual. Tennessee Valley Authority, 1989.

'Waste reduction bill approved by panel# action on measure in Senate said stalled." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. October 13, 1989. pp. 1052-53. "Waste reduction bills introduced in Congress, quick action predicted only for House measure." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. March 24, 1989. pp.

'Waste reduction clearinghouse and model legislation planned." Hazardous WasteReport. March 13, 1989. p. 7. Weissman, W.R. "New requirements for hazardous waste." The National Ixrw Journal. December 1984. pp. 28-31. Wentz, Charles A. Hazardous waste management. McGraw, 1989. 'Western state legislators discuss importance of waste reduction programs." BNA's Enuironment Reporter 18. October 23, 1987. pp. 1587-88. Williams, Tim. 'Waste minimization bill advances." Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 60. September 1988. pp. 1496+. Wirka, J. Design fo ra national source reduction policy. Environmental Action Foundation, January 1989. Woodman, Jocelyn H. 'Why not zero waste?.'' EPA Journal November/December

Yazdani, Azita. 'Waste reduction: source reduction research partnership." Environment. November 1989. pp. 2-4.

2520-2 1.

1989. pp. 39-40,

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'Waste minimization: the goal is laudable, but the meaning debatable." BNA's Environment Reporter 18. October 30, 1987. pp. 1641-48.

Waste minimization manual. Government Institutes, Inc., 1988.

Waste minimization policy forum: guidance to generators on many waste minimization issues related to certification under the Hazardous and Solid Waste Act. Center for Environmental Management, 1987.

'Waste minimization programs popular but implementation approach said unclear." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. May 13, 1988. pp. 36-37.

'Waste minimization." Waste Management Report. March 18, 1987. pp. 1-2.

Waste reduction assessment and technology transfer (WHATTJ training manual. Tennessee Valley AuthOrity, 1989.

'Waste reduction bill approved by panel# action on measure in Senate said stalled." BNA's Environment Reporter 20. October 13, 1989. pp. 1052-53.

'Waste reduction bills introduced in Congress. quick action predicted only for House measure." BNA's Environment Reporter 19. March 24, 1989. pp. 2520-21.

'Waste reduction clearinghouse and model legislation planned." Hazardous Waste Report. March 13, 1989. p.7.

Weissman, W.R. "New requirements for hazardous waste." The National Law Journal. December 1984. pp. 28-31.

Wentz, Charles A. Hazardous waste management. McGraw, 1989.

'Western state legislators discuss importance of waste reduction programs." BNA's Environment Reporter 18. October 23, 1987. pp. 1587-88.

Williams, Tim. 'Waste minimization bill advances." Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 60. September 1988. pp. 1496+.

Wirka, J. Designfor a national source reduction policy. Environmental Action Foundation, January 1989.

Woodman,JocelynH. 'Whynotzerowaste?" EPA Journal November/December 1989. pp. 39-40.

Yazdani, Azita. 'Waste reduction: source reduction research partnership." Environment. November 1989. pp. 2-4.

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Annotated Bibliography

An introduction to solid waste management waste technologies. Research Division, Department of Legislative Reference, Annapolis, Maryland. August 1988. (Legislative Report Series Volume 6, No.2).

There is no single, simple answer to the problem of solid waste disposal. The employment of available technologies involves a series of trade-offs between costs and quality of life. Recycling enjoys an advantage in #at it is relatively environmentally benign and low cost. Mass bum is the most effective way to reduce waste stream volume in the short run, yet there are justifiable health and environmental issues between the other two. The solid waste disposal issue is discussed both on the national level and in the state of Maryland.

Application of a hazardous waste management model for selected industries. Argonne National Laboratory, 1988 (COW-8806 168- 1).

The recent development of waste minimization-waste reduction practices has furnished a focal point to address pollution prevention or mini" tion. Based on mass balance information, waste minimization involves various practices, including material substitution, process technology improvement, equipment improvement and recycling, reuse and recovery. An essential element for any successful waste minimization involves the development of a waste tracking program. The tracking program assists in the evaluation of various waste " b a t i o n alternatives being considered. Using data provided from several plating shops, various treatment technologies were evaluated with regard to their effect on the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Significant cost savings occur as a result of " W n g the water content in the waste requiring disposal.

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APPENDIXE

Annotated Bibliography

An introduction to solid waste management waste technologies. Research Division. Department of Legislative Reference. Annapolis. Maryland. August 1988. (Legislative Report Series Volume 6. No.2).

There is no single. simple answer to the problem of solid waste disposal. The employment of available technologies involves a series of trade-offs between costs and quality of life. Recycling enjoys an advantage in that it is relatively environmentally benign and low cost. Mass bum is the most effective way to reduce waste stream volume in the short run. yet there are justifiable health and environmental issues between the other two. The solid waste disposal issue is discussed both on the national level and in the state of Maryland.

Application of a hazardous waste management model for selected industries. Argonne National Laboratory. 1988 (CONF-8806168-1).

The recent development of waste minimization-waste reduction practices has furnished a focal point to address pollution prevention or minimization. Based on mass balance information. waste minimization involves various practices. including material substitution. process technology improvement. equipment improvement and recycling. reuse and recovery. An essential element for any successful waste minimization involves the development of a waste tracking program. The tracking program assists in the evaluation of various waste minimization alternatives being conSidered. Using data provided from several plating shops. various treatment technologies were evaluated with regard to their effect on the quantities of waste requiring disposal. Significant cost savings occur as a result of minimizing the water content in the waste requiring disposal.

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Companion document for the 'Coqfkrence on Waste Reduction forlndustrial Air T d c EmWons. North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, April 1989.

Since 1984, the state of North Carolina's Pollution Prevention Pays Progrm has pioneered efforts in helping business voluntarily reduce their generation and release of pollutants into the environment. This statewide conference was designed to serve as a forum for representatives of industry, academia, government and the public to discuss and exchange ideas on the reduction of volatile organics and air toxic emissions. Presentations at the conference focused on the vital issues of source reduction: recycling, reuse and recovery: and waste reduction program management, with major emphasis on source reduction relevant to the industrial processes of furniture surface coating, metal cleaning and degreasing, printing, textile wet processes and fiberglass and plastic molding. The companion document further details the Pollution Prevention Pays Program, an overview of the air toxics problem, factors influencing pollution reduction changes and implementation of pollution reduction strategies.

Dolin, Eric Jay. "Industry is going on a waste-watcher's diet: it's cheaper to cut out hazardous waste than to clean it up." Business WeekAugust 22, 1988. pp. 94-95.

Companies bum it, bury it, even feed it to microbes. No matter what they do, getting rid of hazardous waste is a costly proposition that's getting more expensive. So instead of focusing on fancy treatment or disposal techniques, some companies are taking a more basic approach: figure out how not to make dangerous waste in the first place. The benefits can be enormous. The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that, even with existing technology, U.S. industry could halve its yearly output of 300 million tons of hazardous waste. The companies that are cutting their waste off at the source are profiting handsomely from their efforts.

Drqfz waste minimfiation policy. Environment Protection Authority (Australia), April 1988.

This is a proposal to establish a policy framework that will ensure the active promotion of industrial waste minimization in Australia. The policy is the first industrial waste management policy to be prepared by the authority. Its aim is

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Companion documentfor the ''Co'lference on Waste Reductionfor Industrial Air Toxic Emissions. North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, April 1989.

Since 1984, the state of North Carolina's Pollution Prevention Pays Program has pioneered efforts in helping business voluntarily reduce their generation and release of pollutants into the environment. This statewide conference was designed to serve as a forum for representatives of indUStry, academia, government and the public to discuss and exchange ideas on the reduction of volatile organics and air toxic emissions. Presentations at the conference focused on the vital issues of source reduction: recycling, reuse and recovery; and waste reduction program management, with major emphasis on source reduction relevant to the industrial processes of furniture surface coating, metal cleaning and degreasing, printing, textile wet processes and fiberglass and plastic molding. The companion document further details the Pollution Prevention Pays Program, an oveIView of the air toxics problem, factors influencing pollution reduction changes and implementation of pollution reduction strategies.

Dolin, Eric Jay. "Industry is going on a waste-watcher's diet: it's cheaper to cut out hazardous waste than to clean it up." Business Week August 22, 1988. pp.94-95.

Companies bum it, bury it, even feed it to microbes. No matter what they do, getting rid of hazardous waste is a costly proposition that's getting more expensive. So instead of focusing on fancy treatment or disposal techniques, some companies are taking a more basic approach: figure out how not to make dangerous waste in the first place. The benefits can be enormous. The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that, even with existing technology, U.S. industry could halve its yearly output of 300 million tons of hazardous waste. The companies that are cutting their waste off at the source are profiting handsomely from their efforts.

Drqft waste minimization policy. (Australia), April 1988.

Environment Protection AuthOrity

This is a proposal to establish a policy framework that will ensure the active promotion of industrial waste minimization in Australia. The policy is the first industrial waste management policy to be prepared by the authority. Its aim is

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to reduce the adverse impact on the environment from the disposal of such waste, Minimizing the amount of waste generated is regarded as the first and the most important stage in reducing such adverse effects. Waste “ i z a t i o n may involve waste reduction, waste avoidance or waste re-use.

W A ’ s waste minimization research program. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab, U S . Environmental Protection Agency, December 1987. (EPA-600/D-87/365).

Waste “ h a t i o n is viewed by the EPA as a desirable and viable alternative to hazardous waste disposal. The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab, in conjunction with the Office of Solid Waste, is developing a waste “ i z a t i o n program for implementation in fiscal year 1988. These efforts are discussed.

EPA manual for waste minimization opportunity assessments. Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. April 1988. (PB-88-2 13004/xAB).

Waste minimization is a term that includes source reduction and recycling. Source reduction is deflned as any activity that reduces or eliminates the generation of wastes at the source, usually within a process. Recycling is defmed as the recovery and/or reuse of what would otherwise be a waste material. A

tion opportunity assessment is a procedure for surveying waste minunrza processes and identifving waste reduction possibilities. The manual provides a systematic framework that can be used to carry out a waste “a ‘ tion opportunity assessment.

. .

Facing America’s trash: what’s next for municipal solid waste? Office of Technology Assessment, October 1989. (OTA-)-424).

At least two important municipal solid waste concerns are driving the federal govemment to re-examine its role with respect to MSW issues. The first is the decline in existing landfill capacity, along with the inability of many local governments to site new MSW facilities of any type. Second, several issues have arisen with consequences that extend far beyond any one community, and these seem most feasible for the federal govemment to address. One such issue, for example, is the need to encourage manufacturers to consider the MSW management implications of their products (e.g., volume, toxicity or recyclability) as they are designed. This summary calls for a national policy on MSW.

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to reduce the adverse impact on the environment from the dIsposal of such waste. Mlnimizlng the amount of waste generated is regarded as the first and the most important stage In reducing such adverse effects. Waste mlnlmlzation may involve waste reduction, waste avoidance or waste re-use.

EPA's waste minimization research program. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 1987. (EPA-600/D-87/365),

Waste mlnlmlzation is viewed by the EPA as a deSirable and viable alternative to hazardous waste disposal. The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab. in conjunction with the Office of Solid Waste. is developing a waste mlnlmlzation program for implementation in fiscal year 1988. These efforts are discussed.

EPA manual for waste minimization opportunity assessments. Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. April 1988. (PB-88-213004/XAB).

Waste mlnlmlzation is a term that includes source reduction and recycling. Source .. reduction is defined as any activity that reduces or eliminates the generation of wastes at the source, usually within a process. Recycling is defined as the recovery and/or reuse of what would otherwise be a waste material. A waste mlnlmlzation opportunity assessment is a procedure for surveying processes and identifying waste reduction possibilities. The manual provides a systematic framework that can be used to carry out a waste mlnlmlzation opportunity assessment.

Facing America's trash: what's nextfor municipal solid waste? Office of Technology Assessment. October 1989. (OTA-)-424).

At least two important municIpal solid waste concerns are driving the federal government to re-examine its role with respect to MSW issues. The first is the decline in existing landfill capacity. along with the inability of many local governments to site new MSW facilities of any type. Second. several issues have arisen with consequences that extend far beyond anyone community. and these seem most feaSible for the federal government to address. One such issue. for example. is the need to encourage manufacturers to consIder the MSW management Implications of their products (e.g., volume, toxicity or recyclability) as they are designed. This summary calls for a national policy on MSW.

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Appropriate goals might be: (1) set MSW prevention as a national priority (i.e., reducing MSW toxicity and quantity): (2) set the development of sufficient MSW management capacity throughout the nation as a national priority; (3) promote the use of management methods that provide materials and energy recovery benefits; and (4) regdate MSW management methods so that each ensures adequate protection of human health and the environment, and vigorously enforce these regulations.

Facing America’s trash: what next for municipal solid waste? Interim summary. OMce of Technology Assessment, June 1989.

Increasing amounts of municipal solid waste, declining landfill capacity, public opposition to all types of management facilities, concerns about the risks associated with waste management and rising costs are common problems facing communities across the nation. As a result, there is increasing awareness about the need to prevent municipal waste from being generated in the first place and to better manage what is generated. This report discusses options for a national policy based on dual strategies of municipal solid waste prevention and better management. It also presents options to address immediate problems such as increased interstate shipments of municipal solid waste and unfinished federal guidelines for landfills and incinerators.

From pollution to prevention: a progress report on waste reduction. OMce of Technology Assessment, June 1987.

Public interest in protecting health and environment by preventing the generation of hazardous wastes and environmental pollutants is rising. Some companies are discovering that prevention is easier than they thought and that its economic benefits come quickly. Results from an innovative 2-year waste reduction program in Ventura County, California, show how government can assist industry to reduce waste generation and demonstrate that success in waste reduction is possible without traditional, prescriptive regulations, The Subcommittee on Environment, Energy and Natural Resources of the House Committee on Government Operations requested this special report to bring into focus congressional policy options on reducing the generation of all hazardous wastes and environmental pollutants. The report examines the effectiveness of the limited federal actions taken so far and summarizes what industry and state and local governments have done to implement waste reduction.

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Appropriate goals might be: (1) set MSW prevention as a national priority (I.e., reducing MSW toxicity and quantity): (2) set the development of sufficient MSW management capacity throughout the nation as a national priority: (3) promote the use of management methods that provide materials and energy recovery benefits; and (4) regulate MSW management methods so that each ensures adequate protection of human health and the environment, and vigorously enforce these regulations.

Facing America's trash: what next for municipal solid waste? Interim summary. Office of Technology Assessment, June 1989.

Increasing amounts of municipal solid waste, declining landfill capacity, public opposition to all types of management facilities, concerns about the risks associated with waste management and rising costs are common problems facing communities across the nation. As a result, there is Increasing awareness about the need to prevent municipal waste from being generated in the first place and to better manage what is generated. This report discusses options for a national policy based on dual strategies of municipal solid waste prevention and better management. It also presents options to address immediate problems such as increased interstate shipments of municipal solid waste and unfinished federal gUidelines for landfills and incinerators.

From pollution to prevention: a progress report on waste reduction. Office of Technology Assessment, June 1987.

Public interest in protecting health and environment by preventing the generation of hazardous wastes and environmental pollutants is rising. Some companies are discovering that prevention is easier than they thought and that its economic benefits come quickly. Results from an innovative 2-year waste reduction program In Ventura County, California, show how government can assist Industry to reduce waste generation and demonstrate that success in waste reduction is possible without traditional, prescriptive regulations. The SubCOmmittee on Environment, Energy and Natural Resources of the House COmmittee on Government Operations requested this special report to bring into focus congressional policy options on reducing the generation of all hazardous wastes and environmental pollutants. The report examines the effectiveness of the limited federal actions taken so far and summarizes what Industry and state and local governments have done to implement waste reduction.

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iiazarcious waste minimization practices in Tennessee. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, September 1988. (ORNL/TM- 10788).

The minirnlzation of hazardous waste generation as well as the proper treatment and disposal of generated waste has great importance for the protection of present and future human health and environment. The purpose of this study was to identifvthe extent ofwaste minimization practices carried out byTennessee waste generators since September 1985 and to determine the importance of waste minimization factors as perceived by Tennessee waste generators. This was accomplished methodologically through survey research of large Tennessee waste generators.

Hazardous waste minimization program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, January 1987. (ORNL/TM-10313).

This document is prepared in response to the requirement of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct of 1976 and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. I t presents a plan reflecting the commitment of ORNL, management to the reduction of hazardous waste generation and "za ' tion of generated waste to reduce impacts on human health and the environment. Economically practical waste reduction/"izatlon techniques including waste abatement, recycling, good housekeeping and in-plant treatment are discussed. Methods used to promote awareness and recognition of the waste minimization effort are also discussed.

The hazardous waste system. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, US. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1987.

This report provides an overview of hazardous waste management practices in the United States. The p r i m q focus is on hazardous wastes as d e k e d in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Superfund program. In addition to a description of the current system, discussions are provided of the potential impacts of current regulatory and other initiatives.

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Hazardous waste minimization practices in Tennessee. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. September 1988. (ORNL/TM-I0788).

The minimization of hazardous waste generation as well as the proper treatment and disposal of generated waste has great importance for the protection of present and future human health and environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent of waste minimization practices carried out by Tennessee waste generators since September 1985 and to determine the importance of waste minimization factors as perceived by Tennessee waste generators. This was accomplished methodologically through survey research oflarge Tennessee waste generators.

Hazardous waste minimization program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, January 1987. (ORNL/TM-I0313).

This document is prepared in response to the requirement of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. It presents a plan reflecting the commitment of ORNL management to the reduction of hazardous waste generation and minimization of generated waste to reduce impacts on human health and the environment. Economically practical waste reduction/minimization techniques including waste abatement. recycling, good housekeeping and in-plant treatment are discussed. Methods used to promote awareness and recognition of the waste minimization effort are also discussed.

The hazardous waste system. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, June 1987.

This report provides an overview of hazardous waste management practices in the United States. The primary focus is on hazardous wastes as defined in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Superfund program. In addition to a description of the current system, discussions are provided of the potential impacts of current regulatory and other initiatives.

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Implementation and operation of the Resource Exchange Network for Eliminating Waste V W . Texas Water Commission, April 1988.

In 1984 the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HWSA) encouraged generators to And and use alternatives to traditional land disposal. Persons generating hazardous waste in quantities equal to or greater than 100 kilograms per month are now required to certifjr that they have reduced waste generation and toxicity to the extent practicable. During the 70th legislature, Senate Bill 92 was passed requiring the Texas Water Commission to establish a materials exchange. After considering several options the TWC elected to establish the exchange in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Division's Information and Technical Services Section. The exchange has been named the Resources Exchange Network for Eliminating Waste (RENEW). It actively matches listed materials and markets able to reuse or recycle the materials. RENEW acts as a clearinghouse on methods for treatment and recovery of industrial and solid waste. The goal of " E W is to reduce environmental pollution, conserve resources and minimize wastes. The problems associated with safe disposal of waste have grown increasingly complex and, although one single approach to waste management is not feasible, waste exchange is an important link.

Minimization of hazardous waste: report to Congress. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 1986. (EPA/ 530-SW-86-033).

This report evaluates the desirability and feasibility of (a) establishing standards of performance or of taking additional action to require generators of hazardous waste to reduce the volume or quantity and toxicity of the hazardous waste they generate: and (b) establishing. with respect to hazardous waste, required management practices or other requirements to ensure such wastes are managed in ways that minuniz e present and future risks to human health and the environment. The report, appendices and technical support document are comprised in five separate volumes.

Patterson, James W. "Industrial wastes reduction." Environmental Science & Technology 23. September 1989. pp. 1032-38.

The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments were the legislative genesis of a bold new concept of environmental protection that has gained broad acceptance and generated great controversy. This concept was "waste

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Implementation and operation of the Resource Exchange Network for Eliminating Waste (RENEW). Texas Water Commission, April 1988.

In 1984 the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HWSA) encouraged generators to find and use alternatives to traditional land disposal. Persons generating hazardous waste in quantities equal to or greater than 100 kilograms per month are now required to certify that they have reduced waste generation and toxicity to the extent practicable. During the 70th legislature, Senate Bill 92 was passed requiring the Texas Water Commission to establish a materials exchange. After considering several options the 1WC elected to establish the exchange in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Division's Information and Technical Services Section. The exchange has been named the Resources Exchange Network for Eliminating Waste (RENEW). It actively matches listed materials and markets able to reuse or recycle the materials. RENEW acts as a clearinghouse on methods for treatment and recovery of industrial and solid waste. The goal of RENEW is to reduce environmental pollution. conserve resources and minimize wastes. The problems associated with safe disposal of waste have grown increasingly complex and, although one single approach to waste management is not feaSible. waste exchange is an impo~t link.

Minimization of hazardous waste: report to Congress. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 1986. (EPA/530-SW-86-033).

This report evaluates the desirability and feasibility of (a) establishing standards of performance or of taking additional action to require generators of hazardous waste to reduce the volume or quantity and toxicity of the hazardous waste they generate; and (b) establishing. with respect to hazardous waste, required management practices or other requirements to ensure such wastes are managed in ways that minimize present and future risks to human health and the environment. The report. appendices and technical support document are comprised in five separate volumes.

Patterson, James W. "Industrial wastes reduction." Environmental Science & Technology 23. September 1989. pp. 1032-38.

The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments were the legislative genesis of a bold new concept of environmental protection that has gained broad acceptance and generated great controversy. This concept was "waste

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" h a t i o n . " The concept grew from federal legislation intended to curb mismanagement of hazardous waste, and unfortunately the concept has by convention become linked primarily to hazardous waste management programs. The history of waste reduction, industry pressures and initiatives and govemment programs are discussed.

Pollution prevention by source reduction in textile wet processing: a workbook. North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, October 1988.

This document is intended to provide textile wet processors with useful information for reducing waste (air, water and solid/hazardous) through material substitution, process modification, inventory control, better management techniques, recovery and reuse. Several types of wastes are covered, with emphasis on four specific problem areas. Case histories. in-plant techniques and actual production experiences are presented to demonstrate ways to reduce waste at the source.

P ~ l l u t i ~ n Prevention Pays instruction manual. North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, June 1988.

Conventional pollution control focuses on "end-of-the pipe" and "out-the-back-door" approaches--creating waste and then trying to figure out what to do with it. These approaches often serve to remove pollution such as contaminated air or wastewater from one place, only to deposit the pollution in another form in another place. A positive alternative is prevention of pollution at its sources. Through prevention, waste minimization and recovery, many f m s can h d economic benefits and improved environmental management of their wastewater discharges, air emissions and hazardous waste generation. The state of North Carolina developed the first govemmental program to assist industries and local governments to adopt the pollution prevention concept. Grants and technical assistance are provided to further the application of waste reduction. A very important step that must now be made is the development entering industry. The purpose of this manual is to provide such materials to instructors in several levels of the state's institutions.

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min1m1zation." The concept grew from federal legislation intended to curb mismanagement of hazardous waste, and unfortunately the concept has by convention become linked primarily to hazardous waste management programs. The history of waste reduction, industry pressures and initiatives and government programs are discussed.

Pollution prevention by source reduction in textile wet processing: a workbook. North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. October 1988.

This document is intended to provide textile wet processors with useful information for reducing waste (air. water and solid/hazardous) through material substitution, process modification, inventory control. better management techniques, recovery and reuse. Several types of wastes are covered. with emphasis on four specific problem areas. Case histories, in-plant techniques and actual production experiences are presented to demonstrate ways to reduce waste at the source.

Pollution Prevention Pays instruction manual. North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program. North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, June 1988.

Conventional pollution control focuses on "end-of-the pipe" and "out-the-back-door" approaches--creatlngwaste and then trying to figure out what to do with it. These approaches often serve to remove pollution such as contaminated air or wastewater from one place, only to deposit the pollution in another form in another place. A positive alternative is prevention of pollution at its sources. Through prevention, waste minimization and recovery. many firms can find economic benefits and improved environmental management of their wastewater discharges, air emissions and hazardous waste generation. The state of North Carolina developed the first governmental program to assist industries and local governments to adopt the pollution prevention concept. Grants and technical assistance are provided to further the application of waste reduction. A very important step that must now be made is the development entering indUStry. The purpose of this manual is to provide such materials to instructors in several levels of the state's institutions.

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The Pollution Preoendon Pays Instruction Manual is designed to provide activity plans, materials and information for instructors. The manual includes concepts such as recognition of the current trends affecting industrial and governmental policy, liability, and marketing issues and trends in current industrial technology, and it emphasizes skills needed to solve pollution problems through prevention rather than treatment and disposal.

Proceedings of the coqfkrence 'Waste Reduction-Poltution Revention: Pmgress and Prospects within North Carolina." North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, 1988.

North Carolina has been a leader in promoting the Pollution Prevention concept. In May 1982, the first Prevention Pays symposium in the United States was held in Winston-Salem, and shortly thereafter a statewide program of multimedia waste reduction assistance-- the North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program-- was established in the Division of Environmental Management of the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. Since then the non-regulatory Pollution Prevention Program has documented many successes in waste reduction and has been recognized as the most effective in the country. This conference, 'Waste Reduction--Pollution Prevention: Progress and Prospects within North Carolina," was an important step in North Carolina's continuing efforts to educate industrialists, government leaders, public officials and citizens about the concepts, approaches and current technology whereby wastes, pollution and their associated costs can be curbed.

Proceedings of the Department ofEnergg defense programs hazardous and mixed waste minimization workshop. Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program sponsored by the U S . Department of Energy, September 1988.

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 and the Hazardous Waste Amendments of 1984 set forth requirements for minimizing the toxicity, mobility and volume of regulated wastes. The legislation included the following statement: "<it is> the national policy of the United States that, wherever feasible, the generation of hazardous waste is to be reduced or eliminated as expeditiously as possible." The Department of Energy must treat, store and dispose of hazardous and mixed wastes that are a result of Defense Programs (DP) activities. MininzLza tion of these wastes will decrease the liabilities associated with their treatment, storage and disposal and the associated costs. It is the goal

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The Pollution Prevention Pays Instruction Manual is designed to provide activity plans, materials and information for instructors. The manual includes concepts such as recognition of the current trends affecting industrial and governmental policy, liability, and marketing issues and trends in current industrial technology, and it emphasizes skills needed to solve pollution problems through prevention rather than treatment and disposal.

Proceedings of the coriference 'Waste Reduction-Pollution Prevention: Progress and Prospects within North Carolina." North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program, North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. 1988.

North Carolina has been a leader in promoting the Pollution Prevention concept. In May 1982, the first Prevention Pays symposium in the United States was held in Winston-Salem. and shortly thereafter a statewide program of multimedia waste reduction assistance-- the North Carolina Pollution Prevention Pays Program-- was established in the Division of Environmental Management of the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. Since then the non-regulatory Pollution Prevention Program has documented many successes in waste reduction and has been recognized as the most effective in the country. This conference. 'Waste Reduction--Pollution Prevention: Progress and Prospects within North Carolina," was an important step in North Carolina's continuing efforts to educate industrialists, government leaders, public offiCials and citizens about the concepts, approaches and current technology whereby wastes, pollution and their aSSOCiated costs can be curbed.

Proceedings of the Department of Energy defense programs hazardous and mixed waste minimization workshop. Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, September 1988.

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 and the Hazardous Waste Amendments of 1984 set forth requirements for minimizing the tOxiCity. mobility and volume of regulated wastes. The legislation included the following statement: "<it is> the national policy of the United States that. wherever feaSible. the generation of hazardous waste is to be reduced or eliminated as expeditiously as possible." The Department of Energy must treat, store and dispose of hazardous and mixed wastes that are a result of Defense Programs (DP) activities. Minimization of these wastes will decrease the liabilities aSSOCiated with their treatment. storage and disposal and the associated costs. It is the goal

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of DOE to comply with all aspects of the RCRA regulations. The objective of the workshop was to exchange specific knowledge about waste “ iza t ion- - i t s success, failures and concerns. The workshop participants established a forum to provide a DP-wide fi-amework to foster and coordinate activities in waste minimiation and to provide for related information and technology transfer. The forum served as a focal point for information and technology transfer and established objectives for waste “za tion activities.

Rec@ing works: state and local solutions to solid waste management problems. Offke of Solid Waste, United States Environmental Protection Agency, January 1989.

The average American produces more than 1,000 pounds of trash a year. As this proliferation of waste continues, places to dispose of it are dwindling. To avoid a crisis, everyone needs to accept responsibility for reducing the amount of garbage they throw away. However, it is often the job of state and local governments to deal with their citizens’ trash. This booklet provides information about successful recycling programs initiated by state and local agencies. I t also describes private recycling efforts and joint recycling ventures of government and business. Each success story is designed to provide basic information to help you as you consider various recycling options for your community.

Reducing hazardous waste generation. National Academy Press, 1985.

This report examines key institutional, or non-technical, factors that affect the generation of hazardous waste by industry. It provides a framework for evaluating public policies, both regulatory and non-regulatory, to reduce the

on of hazardous waste. In undertaking its task, the Committee on Institutional Considerations in Reducing the Generation of Hazardous Industrial Wastes recognized that the report itself was not expected to provide detailed solutions: rather it was expected to provide a foundation upon which improved public policies for hazardous waste management could be built. The report’s underlying premise is that waste reduction should be an integral component of any national waste management strategy. This report was one of the first to deal with non-technical factors affecting the generation of industrial waste.

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of DOE to comply with all aspects of the RCRA regulations. The objective of the workshop was to exchange specific knowledge about waste minimization--its success, failures and concerns. The workshop partiCipants established a forum to provide a DP-wide framework to foster and coordinate activities in. waste minimization and to provide for related information and technology transfer. The forum served as a focal point for information and technology transfer and established objectives for waste minimization activities.

Recycling works: state and local solutions to solid waste management problems. Office of Solid Waste, United States Environmental Protection Agency, January 1989.

The average American produces more than 1,000 pounds of trash a year. As this proliferation of waste continues, places to dispose of it are dwindling. To avoid a Crisis, everyone needs to accept responsibility for reducing the amount of garbage they throwaway. However, it is often the job of state and local governments to deal with their citizens' trash. This booklet provides information about successful recycling programs initiated by state and local agencies. It also deSCribes private recycling efforts and joint recycling ventures of government and bUSiness. Each success story is designed to provide basic information to help you as you conSider various recycling options for your community.

Reducing hazardous waste generation. National Academy Press, 1985.

This report examines key institutional, or non-technical, factors that affect the generation of hazardous waste by industry. It provides a framework for evaluating public poliCies, both regulatory and non-regulatory, to reduce the generation of hazardous waste. In undertaking its task, the Committee on Institutional Considerations in Reducing the Generation of Hazardous Industrial Wastes recognized that the report itself was not expected to provide detailed solutions; rather it was expected to provide a foundation upon which improved public poliCies for hazardous waste management could be built. The report's underlying premise is that waste reduction should be an integral component of any national waste management strategy. This report was one of the first to deal with non-technical factors affecting the generation of industrial waste.

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lche role crf waste minimfiation. National Governors' Association, 1989.

This report is one of four completed under the National Governors' Association State Waste Capacity Assurance Project. The purpose of the project was to develop recommendations for implementing the 'siting' requirements of Section 104(k) of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. This provision requires each state to assure the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that it has access to adequate treatment and disposal capacity to manage generated within state borders over the next twenty years. Without such assurances, EPA may withhold federal money for toxic site cleanups in the state. The National Governors' Association, in a joint project with EPA, convened an advisory work group in September 1987 to develop recommendations on how waste minimization should be factored into state capacity assurance plans. The Work Group on 'Waste Minimization and Source Reduction sought to answer three questions: (1) what is the technical potential for waste minimization: (2) what role do state programs play in guiding and encouraging waste minimization: (3) how should waste minimization be credited when assessing future capacity needs. This report answers these questions and also gives profiles of state waste minimization programs.

Serious reduction of hazardous waste: Q summary. Office of technology Assessment, September 1986. (WA-ITE-3 18).

This report examines what is meant by hazardous waste, waste reduction and even waste reduction technology. The report explores the meaning and consequences of giving primacy to waste reduction over waste management. The range of policy options examined is intended to assist in policy debates over hazardous waste management. A broad range of perspectives and a great deal of information on waste reduction were obtained from the advisory panel, several workshop groups and respondents to a survey.

Solid waste management alternatives: review of policy options to encourage waste reduction. Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, February 1988.

In order to adopt effective waste reduction policies, states must first develop a framework for evaluating alternative policy options. Such a framework should include a clear definition of waste reduction, a set of policy evaluation criteria, consideration of a variety of policy approaches and the targeting of policies to

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The role oJwaste minimization. National Governors' Association, 1989.

This report is one of four completed under the National Governors' Association State Waste Capacity Assurance Project. The purpose of the project was to develop recommendations for implementing the 'siting' requirements of Section 104(k) of the Superfund Amendments and ReauthOrization Act of 1986. This provision requires each state to assure the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that it has access to adequate treatment and disposal capacity to manage generated within state borders over the next twenty years. Without such assurances, EPA may withhold federal money for toxic site cleanups in the state. The National Governors' AsSOCiation, in a joint project with EPA. convened an advisory work group in September 1987 to develop recommendations on how waste minimization should be factored into state capacity assurance plans. The Work Group on Waste Minimization and Source Reduction sought to answer three questions: (1) what is the technical potential for waste minimization: (2) what role do state programs play in gUiding and encouraging waste minimization: (3) how should waste minimization be credited when assessing future capacity needs. This report answers these questions and also gives proflles of state waste minimization programs.

Serious reduction of hazardous waste: a summary. Office of technology Assessment, September 1986. (OTA-ITE-318).

This report examines what is meant by hazardous waste, waste reduction and even waste reduction technology. The report explores the meaning and consequences of giving primacy to waste reduction over waste management. The range of policy options examined is intended to assist in policy debates over hazardous waste management. A broad range of perspectives and a great deal of information on waste reduction were obtained from the advisory panel, several workshop groups and respondents to a survey.

Solid waste management alternatives: review of policy options to encourage waste reduction. IllinOis Department of Energy and Natural Resources, February 1988.

In order to adopt effective waste reduction poliCies, states must fIrst develop a framework for evaluating alternative policy options. Such a framework should include a clear defInition of waste reduction, a set of policy evaluation criteria, conSideration of a variety of policy approaches and the targeting of poliCies to

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appropriate distinguished sectors of waste generators. Three general approaches are possible to encourage waste reduction: (a) regulatory approaches; (b) bancial incentives and/or disincentives: and (c) research and education. This report outlines a wide range of policy options that encourage both post-consumer and industrial waste reduction. The most effective waste reduction policies will probably include a balanced mixture of education programs, bancial incentives/disincentives and regulations designed to best meet overall waste reduction goals consistent with established evaluation criteria.

Solid waste management. National Conference of State Legislatures, April 1989.

This report examines the nature and extent of the solid waste problem, discusses existing methods of dealing with solid waste, outlines the federal policy for waste management and discusses state programs and policy issues for consideration by state legislatures. It also addresses legislative roles in promoting safe and economic solid waste management by various methods such as waste reduction, recycling and reuse, waste-to-enera conversion and landfd operation.

Soluing the hazardous waste program: EPA's RCRA program. Omce of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 1986. (EPA/530-SW-86-037)

The EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ( R C W program is described in detail beginning with a historical perspective of RCRA. This booklet defines hazardous waste and then discusses controlling waste from generation to disposal. Other areas covered are expansion of the RCRA program and making RCRAwork through monitoring, enforcement and citizen action and participation. Lists ofEPAinformation sources and state hazardous waste agencies are included.

State actions for reducing hazardous wastes. The Council of State Governments, August 1989.

During the spring and summer of 1989 the Council of State Govenunents (CSG), a national organization of the 50 states, developed model state legislation for the purpose of reducing hazardous wastes. This paper presents the reasoning behind the contents of the model state act on hazardous waste reduction adopted

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appropriate distinguished sectors of waste generators. 1bree general approaches are possible to encourage waste reduction: (a) regulatory approaches; (b) financial incentives and/or disincentives; and (c) research and education. This report outlines a wide range of policy options that encourage both post-consumer and industrial waste reduction. The most effective waste reduction poliCies will probably include a balanced mixture of education programs, financial incentives/disincentives and regulations designed to best meet overall waste reduction goals consistent with established evaluation criteria.

Solid waste management. National Conference of State Legislatures, April 1989.

This report examines the nature and extent of the solid waste problem, discusses existing methods of dealing with solid waste, outlines the federal policy for waste management and discusses state programs and policy issues for conSideration by state legislatures. It also addresses legislative roles in promotlng safe and economic solid waste management by various methods such as waste reduction, recycling and reuse, waste-to-energy conversion and landfill operation.

Solving the hazardous waste program: EPA's ReRA program. Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 1986. (EPA/530-SW -86-037).

The EPA's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) program is deSCribed in detail beginning with a histOrical perspective of RCRA. This booklet defines hazardous waste and then discusses controlling waste from generation to disposal. Other areas covered are expansion of the RCRA program and making RCRA work through monitoring, enforcement and citizen action and participation. Usts of EPA infonnation sources and state hazardous waste agencies are included.

State actions for reducing hazardous wastes. The Council of State Governments, August 1989.

During the spring and summer of 1989 the Council of State Governments (CSG), a national organization of the 50 states, developed model state legislation for the purpose of reducing hazardous wastes. This paper presents the reasoning behind the contents of the model state act on hazardous waste reduction adopted

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US EPA minimkatfon research program. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab, US. Environmental Protection Agency, August 1988. (EPA-6OO/D-88/ 156).

A program to encourage the development and adoption of new production and recycling technologies that result in the production of less hazardous waste was initiated by the U.S. EPA's Omce of Research and Development in 1987. The program includes a broad spectrum of demonstration and evaluation audit studies, technical assistance and long-term research studies. It is designed to supplement and support the EPA's waste "iza tion strategy being carried out by the Ofice of Solid Waste. This pamphlet reviews progress to date of the vatious elements of the program and discusses the results of selected waste "iza tion audit studies sponsored by EPA.

Waste minimization: environmental quality and economic benefits. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, October 1987. (EPA/530-SW-87-026).

This booklet focuses on EPA's waste minimization program under the 1984 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) amendments. It also describes general waste minimization practices and lists federal and state ofices that can assist generators in initiating or expanding their program.

Waste minimization: hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste (1 980 to present]. Iqfonnation guide 1980-87. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September 1987. (EPA/IMSD-87/007).

The "za * tion of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste has become an increasingly important topic in recent years. More and more, people are becoming concerned that the country's landfills are nearing capacity and that hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes pose a severe threat to human health and the environment. Federal, state and local governments have been grappling with methods for minimizing wastes through source reduction and recycling. This bibliography, which also reflects current interest in used oil, includes citations from journal articles, books, government reports and bibliographies, conference proceedings, scientific and technical papers and speeches. Citations were selected for their relevance to EPA information needs.

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us EPA minimization research program. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. August 1988. (EPA-600/D-88/156).

A program to encourage the development and adoption of new production and recycling technologies that result in the production of less hazardous waste was initiated by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development in 1987. The program includes a broad spectrum of demonstration and evaluation audit studies. technical assistance and long-term research studies. It is designed to supplement and support the EPA's waste minimization strategy being carried out by the Office of Solid Waste. This pamphlet reviews progress to date of the various elements of the program and discusses the results of selected waste minimization audit studies sponsored by EPA.

Waste minimization: environmental quality and economic benefits. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October 1987. (EPA/530-SW-87-026).

This booklet focuses on EPA's waste minimization program under the 1984 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) amendments. It also deSCribes general waste minimization practices and lists federal and state offices that can assist generators in initiating or expanding their program.

Waste minimization: hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste (1980 to present). lriformation guide 1980-87. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. September 1987. (EPA/IMSD-87/007).

The minimization of hazardous and non-hazardous solid waste has become an increasingly important topic in recent years. More and more. people are becoming concerned that the country's landfills are nearing capacity and that hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes pose a severe threat to human health and the environment. Federal. state and local governments have been grappling with methods for minimizing wastes through source reduction and recycling. This bibliography. which also reflects current interest in used oil. includes citations from journal articles. books. government reports and bibliographies. conference proceedings. SCientific and technical papers and speeches. Citations were selected for their relevance to EPA information needs.

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Waste minimization issues and options. Volume 1. Report to Congress @%tau. Versar, Inc. October 1986. (PB-87- 1 1435 1 /XAB).

This report has three primary objectives: (1) to iden* waste minimization practices in the United States by major industry processes and by mafor waste stream; (2) to identifv factors that promote and inhibit the adoption of waste minimization practices by industry: and (3) to identify strategies by which waste " f i a t i o n can be increased. This report also serves as a resource document on waste " b a t i o n for federal and state programs, industries and the general public.

Waste minimization issues and options. Volume 3. Report to Congress @'inall. Versar, Inc. October 1986. IPB-87- 114377)/xAB).

This report is a supplement to Waste Minimization Issues and Options Volume 1. It contains the following information: (1) recycling technologies and practices; (2) a description of the Northeast Industrial Waste Exchange's on-line computer system; (3) conducting a project profitability analysis: (4) EPA's definition of solid waste: (5) EPA correspondence on waste "lza tion activities; (6) compilation of industrial waste reduction cases: (7) EPA's environmental auditing policy statement; (8) descriptions of state programs; and (9) two proposed regulations on hazardous waste management by two counties in California.

Waste minimization opportunity assessment manual. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, US. Environmental Protection Agency, July 1988. (EPA/625/7-88/003).

The term "waste minimization" is heard increasingly at meetings and conferences of individuals working in the field of hazardous waste management. Waste " h a t i o n is an umbrella term that includes the Arst two categories of EPA's preferred hazardous management strategy, which is shown below: (1) Source reduction: reduce the amount of waste at the source, through changes in industrial processes. (2) Recycling: reuse and recycle wastes for the original or some other purpose, such as materials recovery or energy production. (3) Incineration/treatment: destroy, detoxify and neutralize wastes into less harmful substances.

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Waste minimization issues and options. Volume 1. Report to Congress (FfnaV. Versar, Inc. October 1986. (PB-87-114351/XAB1.

This report has three primary objectives: (1) to identify waste minimization practices in the United States by major industry processes and by major waste stream: (2) to identify factors that promote and inhibit the adoption of waste minimization practices by industry: and (3) to identify strategies by which waste minimization can be increased. This report also serves as a resource document on waste minimization for federal and state programs, industries and the general public.

Waste minimization issues and options. Volume 3. Report to Congress (FfnaU. Versar, Inc. October 1986. (PB-87-114377)/XAB).

This report is a supplement to Waste Minimization Issues and Options Volume 1. It contains the following information: (1) recycling technologies and practices: (2) a description of the Northeast Industrial Waste Exchange's on-line computer system: (3) conducting a project profitability analysis: (4) EPA's definition of solid waste: (5) EPA correspondence on waste minimization activities: (6) compilation of industrial waste reduction cases; (7) EPA's environmental auditing policy statement; (8) descriptions of state programs; and (9) two proposed regulations on hazardous waste management by two counties in California.

Waste minimization opportunity assessment manual. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. July 1988. (EPA/625/7-88/003).

The term "waste minimization" is heard increaSingly at meetings and conferences of individuals working in the field of hazardous waste management. Waste minimization is an umbrella term that includes the first two categories of EPA's preferred hazardous management strategy. which is shown below: (1) Source reduction: reduce the amount of waste at the source, through changes in industrial processes. (2) Recycling: reuse and recycle wastes for the Original or some other purpose. such as materials recovery or energy production. (3) InCineration/treatment: destroy. detoxify and neutralize wastes into less harmful

. substances.

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Waste minimization study for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratoty; Final report. Bechtel National, Inc., November 1986. (UCRL- 15883-Vol. 1).

The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a large facility tht contains many diverse programs. Each program has processes that are unique to it and as a result may have hazardous wastes that are distinctly different from other programs. A waste minimization plan would, therefore, have to effectively cover each and every program individually. A program generating a large volume of hazardous waste may require less time and effort than a program that generates a small amount of less hazardous waste. It was not possible to cover all the programs in the course of this study. In this study, the four largest volume generators were selected primarily because waste reduction at these programs could si@cantly reduce total waste at the laboratory.

'Waste reduction clearinghouse and model legislation planned.'' Hazardous Waste Report March 13, 1989. p.7.

The Council of State Governments is establishing a clearinghouse on all 50 states' waste reduction efforts and conducting a survey to define legislative options for the states. A non-partisan national task force will use the survey results to develop a model waste reduction law and distribute it to the states in the fall of 1989. Survey information will include the states' waste management hierarchy: whether waste audits are mandatory or voluntary: how waste reduction programs are organized and funded: specific regulatory programs; and tax policies related to hazardous waste reduction efforts.

The Waste System. Omce of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 1988.

This report provides an overview of the country's waste system. Included are descriptions of the sources and quantities of hazardous and solid wastes and the system for management, treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) of these wastes. In addition, a discussion of upcoming regulatory efforts and other potential impacts on the waste system is provided in this report. I t is hoped that this information will increase public and regulatory awareness of the cross-media implications of waste management policies.

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Waste minimization studyfor the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Final report. Bechtel National, Inc., November 1986. (UCRL-15883-Vol.l).

The Lawrence Uvermore National Laboratory is a large facility tht contains many diverse programs. Each program has processes that are unique to it and as a result may have hazardous wastes that are distinctly different from other programs. A waste minimization plan would, therefore, have to effectively cover each and every program individUally. A program generating a large volume of hazardous waste may require less time and effort than a program that generates a small amount of less hazardous waste. It was not POssible to cover all the programs in the course of this study. In this study. the four largest volume generators were selected primarily because waste reduction at these programs could significantly reduce total waste at the laboratory.

'Waste reduction clearinghouse and model legislation planned." Hazardous Waste Report March 13. 1989. p.7.

The Council of State Governments is establishing a clearinghouse on all 50 states' waste reduction efforts and conducting a survey to define legislative options for the states. A non -partisan national task force will use the survey results to develop a model waste reduction law and distribute it to the states in the fall of 1989. Survey information will include the states' waste management hierarchy; whether waste audits are mandatory or voluntary; how waste reduction programs are organized and funded; specific regulatory programs; and tax poliCies related to hazardous waste reduction efforts.

The Waste System. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. November 1988.

This report provides an overview of the country's waste system. Included are descriptions of the sources and quantities of hazardous and solid wastes and the system for management, treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) of these wastes. In addition, a discussion of upcoming regulatory efforts and other potential impacts on the waste system is provided in this report. It is hoped that this information will increase public and regulatory awareness of the cross-media implications of waste management poliCies.

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