waste to energy in palm oil
TRANSCRIPT
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WASTE TO ENERGY
Dr. Ir. Mulyanto MM
PT. Global Enviro Technology Kharisma Building, Floor A-11, Jl Kelapa Gading Boulevard Blok DB/1 , Jakarta, 14240, Tel : +62-21 45857315/16 Fax : +62-21 45857379 Mobile : +62 8122332335 Email : [email protected] Website: www.multico.co.id
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CONTENTS
2
Dasar Pemikiran
Permasalahan Pengembangan Biogas Power Plant di PKS
Potensi Tenaga Listrik Berbasis Limbah Kelapa Sawit
Permen No 27 Th 2014
Sustainable Palm Oil Production
Biogas Power Plant
Tank Digester
Gas Engine Generator
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DASAR PEMIKIRAN
• Penurunan ketersediaan energy fossil, harga satuan meningkat • Potensi energy terbarukan, khususnya Biogas belum termanfaatkan • Electrifi kasi di Indonesia 84 % th 2014, beberapa daerah masih di
rendah khususnya Indonesia Timur • Teknologi Biogas Power Plant sudah mapan, tetapi peningkatan
produktivitas gas methane masih terbuka • Program pemerintah berencana membangun 35.000 MW • Peningkatan FiT Biomassa dan Biogas dan penyerderhanaan
prosedure • Indonesia sebagai memeiliki potensi Biogas dan Biomass dari kelapa
sawit terbesar • Pengurangan Emisi Rumah Kaca sebesar 26% pada th 2020 yang telah
ditetapkan sebagai target pemerintah • Diperlukannya ISPO ( Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil System) • Diberlakukannya RSPO (Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil)
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PERMASALAHAN
PENGEMBANGAN BIOGAS POWER PLANT DI PKS
• Konsentrasi PKS pada produktifitas Perkebunan, bukan untuk penghasil energy
• Keterbatasan informasi mengenai teknology Biomass dan Biogas Power Plant
• Harga CPO yang cenderung menurunan, sehingga kesulitan dalam pengembangan
• Lokasi PKS yang jauh dari jaringan listrik PLN • Kebutuhan energy untuk produksi PKS relatif kecil dibandingkan
dengan ketersediaan • Proteksi dari negara-negara pengimport minyak kelapa sawit • Diesel Getset masih digunakan di beberapa PKS
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Potensi Tenaga Listrik Berbasis Limbah
Kelapa Sawit
25 POMs 980 TBS/H
92 POMs 3815 TBS/H
3 POMs 140 TBS/H
4 POMs 360 TBS/H
3 POMs 260 TBS/H
140 POMs 6660 TBS/H
26 POMs 1645TBS/H
7 POMs 590 TBS/H
2 POMs 150 TBS/H
6 POMs 260 TBS/H
15 POMs 770 TBS/H
29 POMs 1545 TBS/H
43 POMs 3100 TBS/H
65 POMs 5475 TBS/H
19 POMs 990 TBS/H
10 POMs 375 TBS/H
Sumber ESDM - Terdapat 686 unit PKS
- Kapasitas rata-rata proses TBS adalah 30 to 60ton/jam
- 20% CPO, 60-70% of POME, 20-30% ( solid waste )
58 POMs 3555 TBS/H
16 POMs 1235 TBS/H
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Aspek yang diatur Permen No 27 th 2014
1. Maksud dan tujuan serta penugasan kepada PLN
2. Pengaturan harga yang terdiri dari: • base tariff
• insentif wilayah
• insentif load follower
3. Pelaksanaan pembelian listrik dari PLT
Biomassa/biogas, yang meliputi: • batasan kapasitas,
• Persyaratan dan prosedur pengajuan serta penetapan
Pengelola PLT Biomassa/biogas
• Tata waktu penyelesaian PJBL
• Pemberian sanksi
4. Aturan peralihan untuk PJBL yang sudah berjalan
dan prosedur negosiasi-nya
5. Pelaporan
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Aspek lain pada Permen No 27 th 2014
• Kewajiban deposit 5% dari nilai total proyek melalui sertifikat deposito.
• Penyesuaian harga untuk PLT eksisting atau yang sudah PPA atau sudah
penunjukan. Diberikan kesempatan kepada badan usaha yang telah
berjalan (PLT eksisting) untuk dapat melakukan negosiasi dengan PT
PLN (Persero) menggunakan besaran FiT sebagai harga acuan tertinggi.
• Excess Power diberikan kenaikan harga, tetapi tidak ada insentif wilayah
Kewajiban PLN untuk menyusun model Perjanjian Jual Beli Listrik
standar.
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Perhitungan FiT Permen No 27 th 2014
• Skema FIT meliputi • Base tariff
• Faktor regional (FR)
• Insentif tambahan
• Incentive Load Follower (ILF)
• Perhitungan FIT • FiT = [Base tariff X FR] x ILF
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Feed in Tariff Permen No 27 th 2014
N0
Jenis
Bioenergi Kapasitas Tarif Listrik
Incentive
Follower Keterangan
Tegangan Menengah
1 Biomassa sd 10 MW Rp 1.150,-/kWh X F Rp 80 / kWh
2 Biogas sd 10 MW Rp 1.050,-/kWh X F Rp 70 / kWh Non PLTSa
Tegangan Rendah
1 Biomassa sd 10 MW Rp 1.500,-/kWh X F Rp 100 / kWh
2 Biogas sd 10 MW Rp 1.400,-/kWh X F Rp 90 / kWh Non PLTSa
Keterangan :
F adalah faktor intensif berdasarkan wilayah pembangkit :
. P Jawa F= 1
. P Sumatra F= 1,15
. P Sulawesi F= 1,25
. P Kalimantan F= 1,3 `
. Bali, Bangka Belitung dan Lombok F= 1,5
. Kepri, Papua dan lainnya F= 1,6
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water
oil mill
Steam Turbine-Gen
biogas plant
FFB
palm oil waste
water POME
empty fruit bunch
fibre, shell
composting combustion
biogas compost
energy
nutrien
plantation
fertilizer
sun energy
Sustainable Palm Oil Production Model
FFB Fresh Fruit Bunch EFB Empty Fruit Bunch POME Palm Oil Mill Effluent
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Components of Biogas Power Plant
Module 1 Feeding
Module 2 Digestion
Module 4 Effluent Treatment
Module 3 Gas Utilisation
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Module 1 – Feeding System:
Substrate Input
• All machinery is installed in a service building to protect it from weather
• Redundant pumping station
• Alternative option – delivery in pre- assembled containers
• POME is pumped into the main digester chambers in regular intervals using automated process control
FARMATIC
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Module 2 – Digestion
Main Digesters
• The biogas plant has 2 x 2,774 m³ main digesters
• The substrate is constantly stirred and remains in the digester for about 12 – 14 days
• Biogas bacteria living at 37° Celsius digest the substrate and produce biogas as a by-product
• Up to 80 % of the total COD is removed during biogas production
FARMATIC
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Gas Cleaning
• The biogas plant is equipped with a biological scrubbing system for H2S removal from the gas
• The scrubbing system engineering comes from Multico’s partner BioGasclean (Denmark).
• Biological gas scrubbing has significantly lower operating costs compared to chemical scrubbing systems
Module 3 – Gas Utilization
BioGasclean
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Gas Storage
• The produced biogas is stored in a weatherproof gas holder as a buffer
• This ensures continuous and safe operation of the biogas gensets during fluctuations in biogas production
Gas Flare
• Excessive biogas is burned safely in a closed flare
• The flare starts automatically when the gas holder reaches full capacity
Module 4 – Gas Utilization
FARMATIC
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Biogas Gensets
• The power plant can be designed to supply electricity for either internal consumption or for selling of electricity to the PLN power grid
• The biogas engines are supplied by Guascor in Spain and serviced by experienced Multico service technicians
• The engines can be installed in a power house (top photo) or delivered as complete containerized solution (bottom photo)
Module 3 – Gas Utilization
GUASCOR
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Digester Effluent Treatment
• The remaining COD load in the effluent is removed in the existing pond system of the mill
• The pond system size for final polishing is significantly reduced
Solids Removal (optional) • Most of the solids in the digester
effluent can be removed by a separator after digestion
• This reduces sludge production in the pond system – and thereby cost for periodical sludge removal from ponds
Module 4 – Effluent Treatment
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TRIMAKASIH