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Application of Waste to Energy in Perspective of Sindh

ByWaqar Hussain Phulpoto

DirectorEnvironmental Protection Agency Sindh

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Waste

• Waste means unwanted materials or left over materials or substances/objects which are intended to be disposed of by the provisions of law

• Usually disposed of at open lands, dumping sites or partial landfill sites or sanitary landfill site

• Waste can be recycled/reused & Energy can also be recovered from waste

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Cont…

• Solid waste can be categorized as:– Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

• Produced at populated urban centers/cities– Industrial Waste

• Produced at Industrial Estates (Hazardous & non-hazardous)– Hospital Waste (Infectious & cannot be recycled and non

infectious/hazardous) – Agriculture Waste

• Produced from various agricultural & agro-based industrial activities, parks etc.

– Livestock Waste• Bio-mass produced at cattle colonies/large cattle pens• Poultry Farms & other livestock farms

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• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Comprises of:

• Industrial Waste Comprises of:

Plastic & Rubber MetalsPaper RagsGlass BonesFood Waste Animal WasteOrganic Waste WoodFines Debris

Fabrics FibersPlastic Packaging

material/wrappers

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• Agriculture Waste:

• Livestock Waste:

Rice Husk Wheat HuskTrees Trimmings Cotton WasteBagasse Banana Chips

Manure Poultry Manure

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MSW Quantum of Some Cities in Sindh

• Karachi = 12000 Tons per day • Sukkur Div.= 360 Tons per day– Khairpur = 118.8 Tons per day– Sukkur = 202.5 Tons per day– New Sukkur = 23.69 Tons per day– Rohri = 15 Tons per day

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Composition of MSW in Karachi• Plastic & Rubber 6.40%• Metals 0.75• Paper 4.10• Rags 8.40• Glass 1.50• Bones 3.00• Food waste 21.00• Animal 3.40• Leaves, grass etc. 14.00• Wood 2.25• Fines 29.70• Debris 3.50• Others 2.00

Calorific Values of Agro WasteS/No Item Quantum/Ton Calorific value

Kcal/kg1 Suger Cane 342342 1027026000

2 Rice Husk 36081 108242908

3 Cotton Stalk 730833 2888251178

4 Bagasse 753152 1711161344

5 Dates Trimmings 44487 12456860

6 Banana Chips 4643 17830656

Calorific Values of MSWS/No Item Kcal/Kg

Calorific Value1 Plastic 7044

2 Paper 3914

3 Textile 4818

4 Nappies 7396

5 Food Waste 3184

6 Garden Waste 5203

7 Dirt/Stone 743

8 Wood 4384

9 Tetra pack 5395

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Solid Waste = Energy = Electricity = Revenue

• Not utilized as source of power generation in the past• Growing urbanization has given rise to generation of

increasing quantities of waste• Biomass/MSW has become a serious threat to

environment• Energy can be recovered from Solid Waste in the form of

heat or combustible gas • Waste to Energy technologies have been developed to

produce clean energy (especially designed PPs with most modern pollution control equipment)

• Few of them are best fit for elimination of waste from cities in Sindh

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Biogas to Energy: Recovery of methane gas from waste

• Biogas one of the most significant type of biomass energy

• Biogas can be produced from wide variety of available organic waste/materials like animal manure, sewage sludge, stillage from ethanol production etc.

• makes optimal utilization of valuable natural resource of dung

• provides (soot free) clean gas• Enrich bio-fertilizer for improvement of fertility of soil

Biogas Plant & its sources

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Waste to Energy Applications

• Mass Burn: Direct burning of waste (municipal & Agro) in boilers to generate steam to run steam turbines

• Refused Derived Fuel (RDF): Conversion of waste (Municipal & Agro) into pallets of combustible waste for direct feeding into boilers

• Landfill Gas: Collection of methane gas from waste (municipal) dumped in sanitary landfill

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In Sindh, useful Waste to Energy technologies are:

– Mass burn for electricity generation (waste of Karachi, other cities and agro waste)

– RDF for heat recovery (for electricity generation and for industries having kilns)

– Biogas to Energy for gas recovery (livestock & agro waste)

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Solid Waste To Energy Technologies (fit for Waste Elimination in Sindh)

Best option for elimination of solid waste is

energy recovery from waste or “Waste to Energy”

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Why Waste To Energy Projects?

There are several reasons but one major reason is…….

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Karachi: Liaquatabd Town

(3,4) Behind Al Karam Square, Railway Track (5,6) Gharibabad Under pass

(1,2) Liaqatabad Town, F.C Area

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Orangi Town

Sector 1-C, near Qasba Mor, Orangi Town

Sadaf Colony, & Faqeer Colony ,Sector 10, Orangi Town

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English Biscuits Causeway, Mali River

Heaps of Garbage burning at Malir River

Handling of MSW at Hyderabad (2nd Largest City of Sindh Province)

Latifabad Phuleli Area

New Sabzi Mandi Road Qasimabad1

20Phuleli canal

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Handling of MSW in Sukkur 3rd largest city of Sindh

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Conclusion

• MSW/Biomass is clean, reliable, renewable source of energy

• Eliminate/minimize waste• generates sufficient power • Conserve non-renewable fossil fuel resources• Reduce environmental impact of trash

disposal• contributes to the country’s economy

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THANKS