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Go Green! Go Army! 1 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL Go Green! Go Army! 1 UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL Wastewater Treatment Technologies

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Page 1: Wastewater Treatment Technologies - WordPress.com · Wastewater Treatment Technologies. ... technology • Wastewater composition: ... • Water rates: more expensive water rates

Go Green! Go Army! 1UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNLGo Green! Go Army! 1UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Wastewater Treatment

Technologies

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Go Green! Go Army! 2UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Alternative Water

Alternative Water: onsite sources not from freshwater surface or

groundwater sources

Army’s Net Zero Program: alternative water is an important component

for net zero water and for resource resiliency and security

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Go Green! Go Army! 3UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

• Alternative Water: sources of water not from freshwater

(surface or groundwater sources)

• Reuse: discharge water from one application or process

that is captured, minimally treated, and is used in

another application

• Reclaim: effluent generated by a wastewater treatment

facility that is treated to a level that is appropriate for use

in non-potable applications

• Gray Water: lightly contaminated water from domestic

uses such as faucets, showers, and laundry; does not

include water contaminated with human waste or food;

minimally treated

Alternative Water - Terms

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Go Green! Go Army! 4UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

• Alternative Water: sources of water not from freshwater

(surface or groundwater sources)

• Reuse: discharge water from one application or process

that is captured, minimally treated, and is used in

another application

• Reclaim: effluent generated by a wastewater treatment

facility that is treated to a level that is appropriate for use

in non-potable applications

• Gray Water: lightly contaminated water from domestic

uses such as faucets, showers, and laundry; does not

include water contaminated with human waste or food;

minimally treated

Alternative Water - Terms

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Go Green! Go Army! 5UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

• Primary treatment: principal stage for removing solids;

may be treated mechanically or via settling ponds; removes

about 70% of the solid particulate

• Secondary treatment: primarily for removal of organic

matter by biological processes; also reduces suspended

solids and pathogens

• Tertiary treatment: primary purpose is removal of nutrients

such as phosphorous and nitrogen; may include additional

biological, mechanical, or chemical processes; may also

include advanced filtration and disinfection

Wastewater Treatment - Terms

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Go Green! Go Army! 6UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

• Wastewater flow: must be known to size the treatment

technology

• Wastewater composition: characteristics of the wastewater

stream must be quantified in terms of suspended solids, pH,

and molecular composition (organics, chemical oxygen

demand, biological oxygen demand, pharmaceuticals,

nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, etc.)

• Effluent quality: quality of the treated water must be known

to determine the technologies needed

• Site location: land area needed for the technology must be

considered, as well as interconnections with existing sewer or

discharge piping

Technology Considerations

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Go Green! Go Army! 7UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

• Use options: applications that can use the reclaimed water

should be evaluated

• Water rates: more expensive water rates will make

alternative water projects more viable

• Permits: environmental and operating permits will be

required

• Solids removal: solids will need to be properly disposed of

at a landfill or composting location

• Operation and maintenance: different technologies require

different commitment levels for ongoing operation and

maintenance

Technology Considerations

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Go Green! Go Army! 8UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Manmade Wetlands

Description:

• Engineered lined marsh or engineered system that

provides filtration and settling followed by bacterial

treatment through natural processes (sunlight, wind,

microorganisms, algae, etc.) to treat the wastewater

Considerations:

• Low capital and operational cost

• Reduces suspended solids to low levels

• Reduces nitrogen and phosphorous to moderate levels

• May require additional treatment if the wastewater is high

in chemical oxygen demand

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Go Green! Go Army! 9UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Manmade Wetlands

Example Implementation: The Living Machine®

• Manmade mini wetland installed in 2012 at Marine Corps Recruit

Depot San Diego

• Capable of processing up to 1,000 gallons of wastewater daily

• Modular design that uses tidal concept to circulate flow and create

aerobic conditions for the biological process

• Treated effluent is used to irrigate the surrounding landscape

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Go Green! Go Army! 10UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Manmade Wetlands

Additional Successful Installations:• The Port of Portland Headquarters Building (shown above; installed in

2010)

• San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Headquarters (installed in 2012)

• Furman University (installed in 2009)

• Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College

(where the treated effluent is used for irrigation and toilet flushing)

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Go Green! Go Army! 11UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Membrane Bioreactors

Description:

• Combination of a suspended growth bioreactor that breaks

down waste with microbes followed by membrane filtration

Considerations:

• Package unit that requires less land area than a traditional

wastewater treatment plant

• Moderate capital investment

• Scalable depending on the volume of treated wastewater

• High operational cost; need to be staffed and maintained;

require significant volumes of air

• Reduces waste constituents to low levels and produces

high-quality effluent

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Go Green! Go Army! 12UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Membrane Bioreactors

• Facility treats all the sewage from the 33,700 square foot casino

• Originally designed to process 180,000 gallons per day but recently

expanded to process up to 360,000 gallons per day

• Treated effluent is used to irrigate nearby agricultural fields and the solid

waste is used as fertilizer

Example Implementation: Membrane bioreactor wastewater

treatment facility at Yakama Legends Casino in Toppenish, Washington

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Go Green! Go Army! 13UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Membrane Bioreactors

Additional Example:• Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow

• Traditional treatment facility replaced by a membrane bioreactor system

• Sized to handle projected population increase (which didn’t occur)

• Operating permit called for the treated effluent to be used for irrigation

purposes at the nearby Marine operated golf course

• Plant isn’t meeting sufficient nitrogen removal thresholds for the treated

effluent to be used as irrigation water; effluent is being sent to an

evaporation basin

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Go Green! Go Army! 14UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

WatercycleTM Treatment

• Mature technology being

implemented for direct potable

reuse in Ohio

• Scalable design can treat

residential homes up to small

commercial sized buildings

• Modular treatment system

includes preliminary treatment

system, advanced treatment,

storage, and delivery

• Automated logic continuously

monitors multiple data points

• Immediate shut down if any data

point is out of range

• Experimental concurrence to meet

performance thresholds in 2013

and 2014

Over 500,000 gallons of

water reclaimed and

used for potable

purposes to date

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Go Green! Go Army! 15UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL

Thank You!

Brian Boyd, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

[email protected]