Water and change

•Identify the ways in which water is utilized at the regional scale. •Examine the environmental and human factors affecting patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity. •Examine the factors affecting access to safe drinking water. (5hours)

Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability

Water and change

•Identify the ways in which water is utilized at the regional scale. •Examine the environmental and human factors affecting patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity. •Examine the factors affecting access to safe drinking water. (5hours)

Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability

Lesson 1 and 2

Homework

• Essay on water issues in Turkmenistan – use p.124-129 of Planet Geography to help you.

• “For an area you have studied, explain the causes of water scarcity and evaluate the management strategies that have been implemented to address these issues.” (15 marks)

Water

Make a list of all the ways in which people depend on water

How important is water to us?

• Water is essential to all life• Personal use• Industrial/commercial use• Agricultural use

• Demand is increasing so it is essential that we manage this resource carefully.

• Did you know... “Each person in the UK uses an average of 150 litres a day”

Where does our water come from?The Hydrological Cycle

70% Planet Earth is covered by wateroceans (salt water)

Frozen water

Rivers and Lakes (fresh water)

The Earth’s water supply

oceans (salt water)

Frozen water

Rivers and Lakes (fresh water)

97%

2.7%

0.3%

Why are these figures significant?

Water on Earth• The total amount of ______ available on

planet Earth is limited. There are no net _____ or _____ to the hydrological cycle. It is therefore known as a ______ system. Although ___% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, 97% of this is salt water and ___% is stored as ice, which only leaves 0.3% (freshwater) that is suitable for human use. Therefore if we make ________changes to the water we have on our planet, this will result in water _______.

• Missing words gains, 2.7 detrimental closed, scarcity, 70, water, losses.

1. Describe the water use by region

2. Describe the changes in water use between 1995 and the projected usage in 2025

• Global usage of water is uneven – much more water is used by developing regions compared to developed regions – highest water use is in Asia.

• In 1995 the world used 3,906 cubic km of water – this is projected to increase by approximately 50% by 2025.

• Increase in water usage is expected to be highest in developing nations where there are higher population pressures and higher levels of industrial growth

1. Describe the water use by region2. Describe the changes in water use

between 1995 and the projected usage in 2025

The world’s water supply

• Read p.121 of Planet geography (starting from the bottom left paragraph beginning “the need to manage water...”

• Summarise the points made in these 3 paragraphs

Water scarcity• Water scarcity – where water supplies are inadequate• Physical water scarcity – occurs in places where the

demand for water exceeds the available supply. This is most common in arid or semi-arid regions where rainfall is low and river flow fluctuates, perhaps even drying up at certain times of the year. To help meet water needs, some countries such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait import much of their food and invest in desalinisation plants.

• Economic water scarcity – occurs where a country physically has sufficient water resources to meet its needs, but some people cannot afford to obtain it and/or additional storage and transport facilities are required – this will mean embarking on large and expensive water development projects, as in many sub-Saharan countries.

• Water scarcity of any kind generally affects LICs more so than HICs.

Global distribution of water

Tasks:

1. Describe the global pattern of water scarcity

2. Give reasons for this pattern

Examine the environmental and human factors affecting patterns and trends in

physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity.

• Using the following sources to help you, complete the table to answer the question – use place specific examples where possible:

• P.60,61,62,64 of A2 Geography for Edexcel

• P.36-43 of Edexcel A2 Geography

Water and change: Examine the environmental and human factors affecting patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity.

Physical Water scarcityOccurs in places where the demand for water exceeds the available supply. This is most common in arid or semi-arid regions where rainfall is low and river flow fluctuates, perhaps even drying up at certain times of the year.

Economic water scarcityOccurs where a country physically has sufficient water resources to meet its needs, but some people cannot afford to obtain it and/or additional storage and transport facilities are required

Trends

Environmental factors

Human Factors

Water and change

•Identify the ways in which water is utilized at the regional scale. •Examine the environmental and human factors affecting patterns and trends in physical water scarcity and economic water scarcity. •Examine the factors affecting access to safe drinking water. (5hours)

Patterns in environmental quality and sustainability

Complete ICT research task