WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL INDIA

P.S. VijayshankarSamaj Pragati SahayogMadhya Pradesh, India

Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Vulnerability and Change in a Rainfed Tribal Region

A Backward, Neglected and Drought-Prone Tribal Pocket in Central India – District Dewas, Madhya Pradesh

OUR LOCATION

Dewas district

Bagli

INDIA

MADHYA PRADESH

CONTRIBUTION:

• 62% of Total Land Area

• 56% of Cropped Area

• 52% of Population

• 48% of Food Crop Area

• 68% of Non-FC Area

• 77% of Pulses

• 66% of Oilseeds

• 45% of Cotton

• 40% of Additional Food for Self Sufficiency

RAINFED DRYLANDS OF INDIA

The Focal Point Climate-Resilient Agriculture

WATER

• Rainfall is Highly Variable Across Years in Central India• There is a Modest Decline of Mean Rainfall • But Increase in Extreme Events & Spatial Variation (ref: M

Rajeevan et.al., Geophysical Research Letters, 2008)

3 Yearly Moving Averages of Rainfall, Western MP, 1871-2011

R2 = 0.0082

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

Year

Rai

nfa

ll, m

m

1-Ju

n6-

Jun

11-Ju

n

16-Ju

n

21-Ju

n

26-Ju

n1-

Jul

6-Ju

l

11-Ju

l

16-Ju

l

21-Ju

l

26-Ju

l

31-Ju

l

5-Aug

10-A

ug

15-A

ug

20-A

ug

25-A

ug

30-A

ug4-

Sep

9-Se

p

14-S

ep

19-S

ep

24-S

ep

29-S

ep4-

Oct9-

Oct

14-O

ct

19-O

ct

24-O

ct

29-O

ct0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

DAY/MONTH

RA

INF

AL

L, M

MDAILY RAINFALL (MM) – BAGLI, 1997

How is one to do that?

The critical problem is that the average 1000 mm of rain we receive falls with great intensity within an

average of 50 days per annum

The challenge is to make this 50-day water available over the year,

for at least 180 days.

Earthen Naala Bund: 155

UNDP-CCA PROGRAM COMPONENTS

• Comprehensive Watershed Treatment

• Aquifer Mapping & Water Use Action Plan

• Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM)

with support from APFAMGS

• Vulnerability Assessment Studies

• Development of Rainfed Agriculture Package

• Training Manual on Water Management

• Preparation of Community Videos

• Community Institutions and Capacity Building

PROGRAM OUTPUTS

• Watershed Treatment Works taken up on 6100 Ha• Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) System

Set Up in 9 Watersheds• Aquifer Mapping Done in 8 Villages and Groundwater

Management Plans being Formed• Work on Agriculture Package and Soil Fertility Initiated• Vulnerability Analysis Completed for Addressing

Climate-related Risks in Rainfed Agriculture• Crop Water Budgeting Manual (APFAMGS) Prepared• 10 Community Videos for Capacity Building of Local

Communities (Series UDARSHIL BHUMI)

WATER HARVESTING AND LAND MANAGEMENT

Earthen Naala Bund

Tree PlantationsFarm Bunding

Stop Dam

SOIL FERTILITY ENHANCEMENT

NADEP Compost Liquid Manure - Sanjeevak

Application of Tank Silt

Four Pit Vermi-Compost

MULTIPLE CROPPING & CROP MANAGEMENT

INSTRUMENTATION FOR PHM

CWB - Crop Water Budget Manual

• Contents:• Basics of Geology• India’s Water Resources: Role of Groundwater• Principles of Demand-side Groundwater Management• Participatory Monitoring of Water Resources• Crop Water Budgeting• Farmer Field Schools Approach• Climate-resilient Water Management Practices• Institutional Framework of Demand-side Water

Management: Watershed/Hydrological Network; Groundwater Management Committees, WC

AQUIFER MAPPING AT SCALE

SUMMARY OF AQUIFER CHARACTERISITCS

Name of Aquifer Aquifer surface area (m2)

Transmissivity in m2/day

Average saturated thickness (m)

Specific yield

Aquifer Storage in m3

Current water level fluctuation (m)

Annual yield in mm

Limbi 3720000 7.4 7.2 0.016 428544 4.7 75.2

Ranjna 5180000 4.8 6 0.009 279720 4.8 43.2

Rawatpalasiya 3970000 8.4 4.5 0.02 357300 4.4 88

Sorthibarul 4640000 12.6 9.15 0.03 1273680 6 180

Khamkibarul 4850000 10.5 7.8 0.01 378300 5.2 52

Kadkibarul 3620000 8.1 11.6 0.01 419920 10.7 107

Mutpalasiya 1040000 7.4 6.25 0.007 45500 6.25 43.7

Titwapalasiya 2270000 7.8 5.5 0.006 74910 4.4 26.4

Palsud 310000 6.1 6.8 0.011 23188 4.6 50.6

Sapat 1740000 20.5 7.8 0.03 407160 7.2 216

Bargana 1950000 11 8.6 0.03 503100 5.3 159

Bekhliya 1620000 8.2 8.4 0.015 204120 5.6 84

Selected Groundwater ProtocolsPROTOCOL T YPE I TYPE 2 TYPE 3

Sample Village Sorthi Barul,

Sapat, Bargana Limbi, Bekeliya,

Palsud

Ranjana, Mutpalasia, Rawat Palasia, Khambi Barul

Protection of Recharge Area YES YES LIMITED

Efficient Use of Wells YES LIMITED NO Regulation of Pump Capacity YES YES LIMITED Regulation of D & D of Wells YES YES YES Regulation of Crop Water Requirement YES LIMITED LIMITED

Community Sharing of Wells YES LIMITED LIMITED

Cropping Pattern Regulation YES YES YES

COMMUNITY VIDEOS

Over 150 Videos Made on Agriculture and Other Themes

COMMUNITY VIDEOS

THANK YOU