water conserve

8/13/2019 Water Conserve

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PROJECT ON WATER CONSERVATION

MASTER OF COMMERCE

SEMISTER III

(2013-2014)

SUBMITTED

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

BY

DALMEIDA REENA

SEAT NO.

TOLANI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

SHER-E-PUNJAB SOCIETY,

ANDHERI (EAST)

MUMBAI- 400093


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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that DALMEIDA REENA of M.Com Semester-III (2013-

2014) has successfully completed the project on WATER

CONSERVATION under the guidance of Prof. DEEPALI

Project Guide:- DEEPALI

Course Coordinator:- SADHANA

External Examiner:-

Principal:- Dr.A.A.RASHID


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DECLARATION

I, DALMEIDA REENA , the student of M.Com Semester-III (2013-2014), hereby

declare that I have completed the project on WATER CONSERVATION in

the course RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .

The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge.

References have been cited wherever necessary.

Date :-

Place :- Mumbai

Signature of student

(KARTHIKA NAIR)


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Preparing the project on WATER CONSERVATION has given me extensive

practical knowledge related to the course.

I would like to first thank our Principal, Dr. A.A. Rashid , for his valuable support

in preparing this project.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to the Course Co-Ordinator, Prof. Sadhana

Venkatesh, for valuable guidance and support during my project work.

I am indeed thankful to my guide, Prof. Deepali, for providing me the guidance

throughout the course of this project. I am also thankful to her for patiently and

critically evaluating the content of this project.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all the staff of the

Library and the Computer Lab for their support.


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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SYNOPSIS

3. PROBLEMS OF WATER CONSERVATION IN LOCALITY

4. PRIMARY DATA

5. QUESTIONS

6. WATER HARVESTING

7. OBJECTIVES

8. GOVERNMENT RULES & REGULATIONS FOR CONSERVATIONOF WATER

9. METHODOLOGY

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY


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INTRODUCTION

Water conservation encompasses the policies, strategies and activities to manage fresh

water as a sustainable resource to protect the water environment and to meet current and

future human demand. Population, household size and growth and affluence all affect

how much water is used. Factors such as climate change will increase pressures on

natural water resources especially in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation.

Important Points to Follow for Water Conservation

The most important step in the direction of finding solutions to problems of water and

environment conservation is to change people's attitudes and habits which includes each

one of us. Conserve water because it is the right thing to do. We can follow some of the

simple things that have been listed below and contributed to water conservation.

I. Try to do one thing each day that will result in saving water. Don't worry if the

savings are minimal because every drop counts! You can make a difference.

II. Remember to use only the amount you actually need.

III. Form a group of water -conscious people and encourage your friends and

neighbours to be part of this group. Promote water conservation in community
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_changehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water


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news letters and on bulletin boars. Encourage your friends, neighbours and co-

workers to also contribute.

IV. Encourage your family to keep looking for new ways to conserve water in and

around your home.

V. Make sure that your home is leak free. Many homes have leaking pipes that goods

unnoticed.

VI. Do not leave the tap running while you are brushing your teeth or soaping your

face.

VII. See that there are no leaks in the toilet tank. You can check this by adding colour

to the tank. If there is a leak, color will appear in the toilet bowl within 30 minutes.

(Flush as soon as the test is done, since food colouring may stain the tank.)

IX. Avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily. Put a brick or any other device that

occupies space to cut down on the amount of water needed in each flush.

X. When washing the car, use water from bucket and not hosepice.


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XI. Do not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetable, rice or dals.

Use it to water plants or to clean the floors, etc.

XII. You can store water in a variety of ways. A simple method is to collection source.

You can also collect water in a bucket during the rainy season.

Water is very important content. Without water there is no life in earth. We use water in

so many ways in our daily life. Water is a substance which covers part of the world. It

means water is occupying more portion compared to land. But this water is becoming

more polluted because of the environmental changes. So it is necessary to conserve the

water. It is every one duty to protect the water because everyone uses this water and we

the people are making water polluted. Now we may get the doubt how to conserve the

water. A few simple changes in home about the water consumption make a vast

contribution to water conservation.

The basic change we have to do is stop leaking of water. We have to see whether there is

a leakage in our taps. Because of the water leakage taps we cant protect the water. We

can also protect the water by Installing Low-Flow Showerheads. With these we can

protect the water b ecause it flows lower. And we wont use much water with these Low -

Flow Showerheads. When we are brushing our teeth or when we are shaving we have to

turn off faucets. After completing the work we have to use the water. By this change also

we can preserve the water. Using sprinklers for yard is also a good remedy for water


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conservation . Turn off the water in the shower when shampooing the hair. Water will be

saved. It is better to replace the new toilets in place of old toilets. These are high

efficiency and will use less water. To collect a rain water use a rain barrel at the bottom

of gutter down spouts. It may use for watering plants. These are some of the things to

follow to conserve the water.

We all use the water we must also see how we are using this. It is important to note that

there are many reasons why we waste this natural resource; it has become necessary to

waste the resources for innovating new technologies. However, we have now proved it is

not necessary to waste. It is easy now to conserve the water. By conserving water we can

also save the money. There are hundreds of ways to conserve the water. But, we may not

follow all those ways. We can follow only those ways which are easier to us. The easier

things we can follow are the things which are mentioned above. They are the things we

follow easily in our home.

Synopsis of water conservation

Saving water at home does not require any significant cost outlay. Although there are

water-saving appliances and water conservation systems such as rain barrels, drip

irrigation and on-demand water heaters which are more expensive, the bulk of water

saving methods can be achieved at little cost. For example, 75% of water used indoors is


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in the bathroom, and 25% of this is for the toilet. The average toilet uses 4 gallons per

flush . We can also install a simple tank bank, This saves 40% of water.

By using water-saving features we can reduce our in-home water use by 35%. This

means the average household, which uses 130,000 gallons per year, coulod save 44,00

gallons of water per year. On a daily basis, the average household, using 350 gallons per

day, could save 125 gallons of water per day. The average individual, currently using 70

gallons per day, could save 25 gallons of water per day.

Finally, it should be noted that installing showerheads, tank banks and other water-saving

devices usually is a very simple operation which can be done by the homeowner and does

not even require the use of tools. Water conservation at home is one of the easiest

measures to put in place, and saving water should become part of everyday family

practice.

Problems of water conservation in locality (survey)

If our home water pressure is low then the first thing to do is to narrow down the cause.

1. Check The Water Meter

First make sure the water meter is on all the way. Sometimes, when people make

repairs they turn the water back on slowly and a little at a time but then forget to
http://plumbing.about.com/od/basics/ss/Where-To-Shut-Off-The-Water_5.htmhttp://plumbing.about.com/od/basics/ss/Where-To-Shut-Off-The-Water_5.htm


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go back and turn the water on the rest of the way. If you have recently had a repair

done and are now noticing a reduction in the whole home water pressure check the

meter or other water shut off areas like the main shut off where the water might

have been shut off.

2. Check The Main Shut Off Valve

Check the main water shut off valves which can be in a few places like one on

your side of the water meter and another at the front of the house with the hose bib

or in colder areas the water often comes up in the garage (sometimes near or under

the water heater). Make sure these valves are on all the way. If they are gate valves

turn them all the way counter clockwise and if they are ball valves they should go

the direction on the pipe (parallel) when they are fully open.

3. Check The Pressure Regulator

Another common cause for home water pressure problems can be the pressure

regulator. When the pressure regulator fails it can sometimes cause a large

increase in pressure or the opposite a huge decrease in the pressure to your house.

This definitely could cause low home water pressure and you would see the

change in all the fixtures. Although a pressure regulator can sometimes be

matched with a replacement that is the same brand and size in most cases is it

better to call a professional and have them take care of it. If you believe the
http://plumbing.about.com/od/basics/ss/Where-To-Shut-Off-The-Water_4.htmhttp://plumbing.about.com/od/basics/a/When-To-Call-A-Professional-Plumber.htmhttp://plumbing.about.com/od/basics/a/When-To-Call-A-Professional-Plumber.htmhttp://plumbing.about.com/od/basics/ss/Where-To-Shut-Off-The-Water_4.htm


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problem is the pressure regulator call around and get some prices to have it

changed out. Many times you can get the brand and size right off the side of the

regulator so you can get a price over the phone.

Lack of adequate gutters can force water run-off from the roof, directly onto the loose

filled area of the "excavation ring". Ensure that your gutter extensions are long enough,

so they extend past the excavation ring. Replace any leaking or rusted gutters.

Wrap pipes with insulation . Some water lines are more prone to condensation than others,

and consideration should be given to placing insulation wrap on them, to minimize the

potential for condensation & resulting dripping.

Primary data

Water conservation in locality

Home water use varies considerably, depending upon the number of people in a

household, plumbing fixtures, appliances, and other factors. The largest water users in the

home are toilets, clothes washers, faucets, and showers.

Bathroom Water Efficiency

Here are other suggestions for increasing your toilet-use efficiency.


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Install vacuum assisted, low-volume toilets.

Consider not flushing the toilet unless absolutely necessary.

Regularly check for toilet leaks by placing food coloring in your toilet tank. Repairing

leaking toilets can save more than 600 gallons of water per month.

Do not use your toilet as a wastebasket.

Make sure your toilet flapper does not remain open after flushing.

Avoid using toilet bowl cleaners such as toilet tank tablets. These products affect the pH

of water in your toilet tank and can cause leaks by damaging the rubber and plastic parts

of your toilet.

Showering Efficiency

Installing a low-flow showerhead if do not already have one.

Keep showers brief. A shower that lasts for five minutes using a low-flow showerhead

uses 12 gallons of water. useing a watch to time while we are in the shower.

Turning off the water while lather up with soap and shampoo.

Irrigating our indoor plants by placing a bucket in the shower to collect the water while

waiting for it to warm up.


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Checking the flow rate of our showerhead by using a 5-gallon bucket and a clock. Turn

the shower on full and place a 5-gallon bucket under the shower for two minutes. A 2.5

gpm showerhead will fill the bucket up in that two-minute time frame.

Checking and repairing leaks in the tub diverter valve.

Estimated Facet Leakage Rates (# of drips)

60 drops/minute = 192 gallons/month



Clothes Washing Efficiency

Suggestions for reducing water use while clothes washing.

Run the washing machine only when have a full load of clothes.

For lightly soiled laundry loads, use the shortest wash cycle.

To avoid redundant washing, pre-treat stains on your clothes.

Select the minimum water volume per load if our washer has a variable water volume

setting.


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Regularly check washing machine hoses for leaks.

Dishwasher Efficiency

Install a high efficiency dishwasher machine.

Running the dishwasher only when its full can save 1,000 gallons of water per month.

Running a full dishwasher usually uses less water than washing the same number of

dishes by hand.

Because the drying cycle of most dishwashing machines uses 1,500 watts per cycle, air or

hand drying the dishes is more efficient and less expensive.

Ways to conserve water in the home

Check water meter and bill and talk to family members about setting water conservation

goals for indoor water use.

Use the garbage disposal less often. Compost organic matter from your kitchen.

Collect the water used for rinsing fruits and vegetables and reuse it to water houseplants

and/or shrubs.


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When buying a new appliance, remember that certain models offer different cycles that

are more water and energy-efficient. An evaporative air conditioner, direct the water

drain to a flower bed, tree, or lawn.

Collect rainwater in a bucket for watering indoor plants.

Keep drinking water in the refrigerator during the summer instead of letting the faucet

run until water is cool.

Conservation around the Home

There are many ways to conserve water on the home landscape.

Create an irrigation schedule relative to the types of plants in your landscape. Second,

learn the water requirements of your landscape plants and water accordingly, avoiding

over-watering as much as possible. Over-watering is not only wasteful, but it is also

unhealthy for plants. Third, make a habit of manually operating your irrigation system

and rely less on the automatic controller. Fourth, do not irrigate on a set schedule, since

daily plant water use can vary greatly according to the weather. Finally, take into account

recent rainfall amounts before watering your landscape.

Conserving Water in the Vegetable Garden


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Planting in blocks instead of rows to create shade for the root systems and reduce

evaporation.

Group plants with similar water needs together.

Check the soil for moisture before water and do not water until the soil has dried out to a

depth of at least 4 inches.

Control weeds that compete with vegetables for water.

Additional ways to conserve water around the home

Checking water meter and bill so you can set conservation goals for your family's

outdoor water use.

Have a family discussion on ways you can work together to reduce outdoor water

consumption.

Collect the water you use for rinsing fruits and vegetables and reuse it to water

houseplants and/or shrubs.

Using a broom instead of a hose to sweep driveway and can save between 50 and 80

gallons of water.


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Ground water resource gets naturally recharged through percolation. But due to

indiscriminate development and rapid urbanization, exposed surface for soil has been

reduced drastically with resultant reduction in percolation of rainwater, thereby depleting

ground water resource. Rainwater harvesting is the process of augmenting the natural

filtration of rainwater in to the underground formation by some artificial methods.

"Conscious collection and storage of rainwater to cater to demands of water, for drinking,

domestic purpose & irrigation is termed as Rainwater Harvesting."

WHY RAIN WATER HARVESTING:

Rain water harvesting is essential because:

Surface water is inadequate to meet our demand and we have to depend on ground water.

Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the sub-soil has decreased

drastically and recharging of ground water has diminished.

As you read this guide, seriously consider conserving water by harvesting and managing

this natural resource by artificially recharging the system. The examples covering several

dozen installations successfully operating in India constructed and maintained by CGWB,

provide an excellent snapshot of current systems.

Advantages of Rainwater Harvesting


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1. Easy to Maintain: Utilizing the rainwater harvesting system provides certain

advantages to the community. First of all, harvesting rainwater allows us to better

utilize an energy resource. It is important to do so since drinking water is not

easily renewable and it helps in reducing wastage. Systems for the collection of

rainwater are based on simple technology.

The overall cost of their installation and operation is much lesser than that of water

purifying or pumping systems. Maintenance requires little time and energy. The

result is the collection of water that can be used in substantial ways even without

purification.

2. Reducing Water Bills: Water collected in the rainwater harvesting system can be

put to use for several non-drinking functions as well. For many families and small

businesses, this leads to a large reduction in their utilities bill. On an industrial

scale, harvesting rainwater can provide the needed amounts of water for many

operations to take place smoothly without having to deplete the nearby water

sources.

It also lessens the burden of soil erosion in a number of areas, allowing the land to

thrive once again. In fact, it can also be stored in cisterns for use during times

when water supplies are at an all time low.


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3. Suitable for Irrigation: As such, there is little requirement for building new

infrastructure for the rainwater harvesting system. Most rooftops act as a workable

catchment area, which can be linked to the harvesting system. This also lessens the

impact on the environment by reducing use of fuel based machines.

Rainwater is free from many chemicals found in ground water, making it suitable

for irrigation and watering gardens. In fact, storing large reservoirs of harvested

water is a great idea for areas where forest fires and bush fires are common during

summer months.

4. Reduces Demand on Ground Water: With increase in population, the demand

for water is also continuously increasing. The end result is that many residential

colonies and industries are extracting ground water to fulfill their daily demands.

This has led to depletion of ground water which has gone to significant low level

in some areas where there is huge water scarcity.

5. Reduces Floods and Soil Erosion: During rainy season, rainwater is collected in

large storage tanks which also helps in reducing floods in some low lying areas.

Apart from this, it also helps in reducing soil erosion and contamination of surface

water with pesticides and fertilizers from rainwater run-off which results in

cleaner lakes and ponds.


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6. Can be Used for Several Non-drinking Purposes: Rainwater when collected can

be used for several non-drinking functions including flushing toilets, washing

clothes, watering the garden, washing cars etc. It is unnecessary to use pure

drinking water if all we need to use it for some other purpose rather than drinking.

Disadvantages of Rainwater Harvesting

1. Unpredictable Rainfall: Rainfall is hard to predict and sometimes little or no

rainfall can limit the supply of rainwater. It is not advisable to depend on

rainwater alone for all your water needs in areas where there is limited rainfall.

Rainwater harvesting is suitable in those areas that receive plenty of rainfall.

2. Initial High Cost: Depending on the systems size and technology level, a

rainwater harvesting system may cost anywhere between $200 to $2000 and benefit from it cannot be derived until it is ready for use. Like solar panels, the

cost can be recovered in 10-15 years which again depends on the amount of

rainfall and sophistication of the system.

3. Regular Maintenance: Rainwater harvesting systems require regular

maintenance as they may get prone to rodents, mosquitoes, algae growth, insects

and lizards. They can become as breeding grounds for many animals if they are

not properly maintained.


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4. Certain Roof Types may Seep Chemicals or Animal Droppings: Certain types

of roofs may seep chemicals, insects, dirt or animals droppings that can harm

plants if it is used for watering the plants.

5. Storage Limits: The collection and storage facilities may also impose some kind

of restrictions as to how much rainwater you can use. During the heavy downpour,

the collection systems may not be able to hold all rainwater which ends in going to

to drains and rivers.

Rainwater harvesting is a system that is gaining speed over time. Areas that

experience high amounts of rainfall will benefit the most from the system and will

be able to distribute water to dry lands with ease. However, the beneficial

environmental impact of the system is what drives it further as of now.

OBJECTIVES OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING

It is a technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by capturing and storing

rainwater by constructing structures such as dug wells, percolating pit, check dams. Rain

water is stored in ground water reservoirs by adopting artificial recharge techniques to

meet the house-hold needs through storage in tanks. The objectives of the rain water

harvesting are:


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(i) To meet the increasing demand of water.

(ii) To reduce run off.

(iii) To avoid flooding of roads.

(iv) To augment the groundwater storage and to raise the water table.

(v) To reduce groundwater pollution.

(vi) To improve the quality of groundwater.

(vii) To supplement domestic water requirement during summer and long dry spells.

Increase Available Water During Dry Season

Many ecosystems have wet and dry seasons. Because the dry seasons can consist of

weeks or months of little to no rain, it is important to capture during the rainy season and

have it available for use during the dry season. Rainwater harvesting enables you to store

rain when it is prevalent to be used when there is no rain.Reduce Flooding and Erosion

By capturing and storing large amounts of rainwater in reservoirs, it is possible to reduce

the amount of runoff and limit the impact on the land of large rainfalls. By capturing

rainwater you are basically reducing the amount of water that is flowing across the land,

which reduces flooding chances and the impact of erosion


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Rainwater Harvesting in Different type of Buildings :

Normally,debris, dirt and dust get deposited on the roof during non-rainy periods.When

the first rains arrive, this unwanted material will be washed into the storage tank. This

may cause contamination of water collected in the storage tank thereby rendering it unfit

for drinking and cooking purposes. Therefore, a first flush system can be incorporated in

the Roof top Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RRHS) to dispose of the first flush so that it

does not enter the tank. There are two such simple systems. One is based on a simple

manually operated arrangement whereby, the down pipe is moved away from the tank


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inlet and replaced again once the first flush water has been disposed. In another simple

and semi automatic system, separate vertical pipe is fixed to the down pipe with a valve

provided below the T junction. After the first rain is washed out through the first flush

pipe the valve is closed to allow the water to enter the down pipe and reach the storage

tank.

(1) Sloping roofs

Roofs made of corrugated iron sheet, asbestos sheet or tiles can be utilised for harvesting

the rainwater. Gutters and channels can be fixed on the edges of roof all around to collect

and transport the rain water from the roof to the storage tank. Gutters can be prepared in

semi-circular and rectangular shapes. Locally available material such as plain Galvanized

Iron sheets can be easily folded to required shapes to prepare semi-circular and

rectangular gutters. Semi-circular gutters of PVC material can be readily prepared by

cutting the PVC pipes into two equal semi-circular channels. Bamboo poles can also be

used for making gutters if they are locally available in sufficient quantity. Use of such

locally available materials reduce the overall cost of the system.

GOVERNMENT RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR CONSERVATION OF WATER

Governing bodies are imposing rules and regulations on certain types of water use in a

growing number of cities and regions. Although many facility executives are familiar

with temporary water use restrictions, such as limited hours for lawn and landscape

irrigation during drought, facility executives increasingly have to heed permanent water

conservation rules.


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Why are requirements for water conservation here to stay? In most communities the

reason boils down to water demands outstripping supplies. Increasing growth the U.S.

population is projected to exceed 300 million by 2010 is putting pressure on drinking

water supplies. Pollution, such as contamination of ground water, is forcing some

drinking water sources to close or require expensive treatment technologies to keep them

potable. Alternative sources such as reclaimed wastewater and desalinated seawater are

options in some locales. However, they require costly new infrastructure and are not

trouble-free. Simply put, to keep water and sewer service available and affordable,

everyone needs to get better at doing more with less water.

The good news is that regardless of whether water conservation is required, there is a

bevy of ways to save water in commercial and institutional facilities.

Low-Volume Plumbing Fixtures. By now, most facility executives are aware that under

the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) only low-volume toilets, urinals, faucets and

showerheads can be installed in most facilities. EPAct sets maximum flow rates for

fixtures. Since it was enacted, plumbing manufacturers have developed products that

exceed EPActs water efficiency requirements. For example, high -performance dual-

flush and 1.0-gallon-per-flush toilets are now available, as are nonflushing urinals and

models that use less than 0.5 gallons per flush. Showerheads and lavatory faucets with

flow rates of 1.0 to 1.5 gallons per minute are also gaining acceptance as functional

designs improve. EPAct was designed to save water through normal fixture replacements.

It is estimated that by 2020, the United States, will save between 6 billion and 9 billon

gallons of water a day, enough to supply four to six cities the size of New York City.


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Urinals That Dont Use Water. What do the Baltimore/Washington International

Airport, Walt Disney World and the El Paso, Texas, Independent School District have in

common? They all use urinals that use no water for flushing. Waterless urinals look like

conventional urinals, but instead of using water for flushing, a liquid, usually oil, or

canister trap contain odors in the urinal drain. Two states have laws governing

nonflushing urinals. Arizona requires all urinals installed in new state buildings after Jan.

1, 2005, to be waterfree fixtures. Recently, the Oregon State Plumbing Board approved a

rule to promote the installation of waterless urinals by allowing them in city, county, state

and federal government facilities. Several cities and water systems offer rebate incentives

for urinals that dont use water, including Austin, Texas, and Seattle.

Recirculated Cooling Systems. Several water suppliers and cities require efficient water

cooling practices and equipment. Denver Water requires all water used for evaporative or

refrigerated cooling and air conditioning, including equipment such as condensers, and

processes, to be recycled or reused. New York City requires recirculated water for

medium and large refrigeration and air-cooled systems; properties with steam-source

refrigeration must use some condensate for cooling tower makeup water.

Landscape Water Use. Lawn watering is restricted year-round in the cities and towns

served by the Southwest Florida Water Management District. Irrigation applications to

lawns are limited to twice a week, and only before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m. Certain

exemptions are allowed, but this is one of the more aggressive lawn watering rules that is

not directly related to drought. Most lawn and turf areas, including playing fields, can

survive and thrive on a reduced watering schedule if irrigations are ramped down
http://www.cbs.state.or.us/external/bcd/boards/plumbing/plumbing.htmlhttp://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/http://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/http://www.cbs.state.or.us/external/bcd/boards/plumbing/plumbing.html


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carefully. Landscape and lawn health may actually improve under a more water-thrifty

irrigation regime; excessive watering is a common culprit of root rot, plant diseases and

bug infestations. In addition to water savings with reduced irrigation schedules, chemical

fertilizer, pesticide and herbicide as well as labor costs may be reduced.

Turf Limitations. Las Vegas is cracking down on excessive lawn watering by applying

turf limits to new properties, including commercial sites and golf courses. Existing

multifamily and business property owners that convert grassy areas to water-thrifty native

or adaptive plant materials or to waterfree ground covers can earn $1 per square foot in

the Water Smart Landscape Rebate program offered by the Southern Nevada Water

Authority.

Pre-rinse Spray Valves. Nearly 20,000 water-saving, pre-rinse spray valves have been

installed in California restaurants and food service facilities as part of a commercial water

conservation program. Wisconsins Focus on Energy and the San Antonio Water System

have similar programs. The 1.6-gallon-per-minute hand-held spray devices are similar to

the 3- to 5-gallon-per-minute conventional spray heads used to remove food residue from

dishes, flatware and other food-service items prior to cleaning in a commercial automatic

dishwasher. A study of water-thrifty pre-rinse spray valves found that the valves saved

about $300 per year in reduced water and energy costs. The payback on the valves was

less than three months.
http://www.snwa.com/http://www.snwa.com/http://www.focusonenergy.com/http://www.focusonenergy.com/http://www.focusonenergy.com/http://www.saws.org/http://www.saws.org/http://www.focusonenergy.com/http://www.snwa.com/http://www.snwa.com/


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METHODOLOGY

It is an overview to water conservation. It is an exploratory research design with an

objective to understand the water conservation by interviewing a primary source. It is

based on data and feed back received from various persons, who endeavour for educating

common man about the need for water conservation, in their respective localities, by

minimizing the usage water and avoiding its wastage.


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BIBLOGRAPHY

1. www.google.com

2. Survey conducted in locality

3. Interaction of few persons who promote water conservation
http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/

water conserve

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