water crisis of lake taihu, china guangwei zhu taihu laboratory for lake ecosystem research (tller)...
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Water Crisis of Lake Taihu, China
Guangwei ZhuTaihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research (TLLER)
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS)
2015-10-21
FEW Workshop: Food, Energy, and Water Nexus in Sustainable Cities
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Contract No. 2015DFG91980
Contract No. 2012ZX07101-010
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research(TLLER)
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所太湖湖泊生态系统研究站
Main campus is 110km west of Shanghai Hongqiao airport
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research(TLLER)
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所太湖湖泊生态系统研究站
Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research(TLLER)
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所太湖湖泊生态系统研究站
Lake in China and where is Lake Taihu?
Ma et al., Geophysical Research Letters, 2010.
Taihu
2009 data
2693 lakes(> 1 km2)
81414.6 km2
(smaller than Superior)
243 disappearedIn recent 40 years13% shrink by size
Lakes in China and the location of Taihu
Catchment of Taihu, megacity of Changjiang Delta
Population density: >1200
Water surface: 2338 km2
Average depth: 2 m
Maximal depth: 3 m
A big plate!
Catchment: 36500 km2
Wuxi
SuzhouShanghai
Jiaxing
Hangzhou
Huzhou
Changzhou
Zhenjiang
Taihu is Water source of Wuxi, Suzhou and Shanghai
Water intakes for water plants in Taihu.
Cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu
1950’s 1970’s 1980 1987
1994 2000 2006
History of blooms in Taihu
Major player: Microcystis spp.
Microcystis spp. in Taihu
Microcystis aeruginosa Microcystis wesenbergii Microcystis flos-aquae
Photos by Gregory Boyer, at May 28 2012
Supporting actor: Anabaena spp.
Photos by Gregory Boyer, at May 28 2012
Microcystis and Anabaena are Toxic produced species
Su et al., Toxins, 2015
Microcystin
Water crisis caused by black patch in Taihu
Water crisis happened at Wuxi during May 29 – 3 Jun 2007, for the block of intake at Gonghu blocked by black patch.
The cause 1: Extreme serious bloom, black patch
Serious bloom start 8 April, a month earlier than normal.
The cause 2: Extreme warmer spring
Spring Water temperature
Spring Air temperature
Qin et al, 2010
The cause 3: Suitable wind direction
3. Actions after water crisis of 2007
Catchment:
In lake: Bloom collection Sediment dredging Ecological engineering
Fertilization control Ecological restoration
Water hyacinth
The total investigation is over 100 billions RMB
What we done: Monitor and forecast the bloom
Based on Remote sensing image interpret bloom
Chlorophyll a Temperature Suspended solid Transparency
Data sources: HJ – CCD MODIS MERIS GOCI
Interpret model: APPLE model or 3 wavelengths model: 660-690 nm; 710-730nm; > 730nm
And high frequency sensors buoy system monitor
水环境自动监测站点分类
EMB01 EMB02 EMB03
EMB08 EMB10 EMB11 EMB12 EMB13 EMB14
EMB4 EMB5 EMB6 EMB7
Hydrodynamical bloom simulation model
3D model
Model result
Field data
Model calcultion Model calibration
Model development and calibration
Stereo
-mo
nito
ring
system in
L
ake Taihu
Chlorophyll a and DO model
Chl-a DO
3-days forecast report to local goverment
Possible reaction of local managers
Water plants: Change the
intake site, or use
Yangtze river as source,
prepare the active carbon
addition.
Tourism agency: Change
the travel lines.
Monitoring agency: Pay
more attention to High
possible zone.
Bloom emergency action
organization: adjust the
collection power invest.
Other solution: reservoirs
Reservoir Qiandaohu:Surface area of 571 km2, and volume of 18 billion m3, 4 times of TaihuInvested 1 billion to protect water quality in recent 5 years.Will supply Hangzhou, one of the big cities in Changjiang Delta soon.
Take home messages
Taihu, located in the center of megacity Changjiang Delta region,
is seriously over-burden to supply the cities around it, largely
affect the sustainable development of these cities.
Environmental sensors and information technology, include high-
frequency buoy and models, has been used to prevent drink
water pollution event in Taihu.
The ability of environmental technology to is limited. The over
burden water issue is a social and economic issue, too. To solve
the problem, more social and economic solutions should be
involve in.
Thank you for your attention!
Guangwei Zhu, professorExecutive vice director of TLLEREmail: [email protected]