Water Cycle

Goals

1. Know the states of water and how / why they

change from one state to another

2. Describe the Water Cycle using specific and

precise vocabulary when describing each part

of the Water Cycle

3. Draw the water cycle, labeling each part with

precise vocabulary

4. Explain how salty / dirty / clean water changes

as it cycles through the Water Cycle

5. Explain how clouds play a part of the water

cycle

Goal: Know the states of water and how /

why they change from one state to another

• Water can have three states

–Solid

–Liquid

–Gas

• Water Vapor

• Humidity / Steam

States of Water

• Water can easily change from one state

into the other

– Liquid to Solid - take away heat

• Begins to Freeze at 0o Celsius

• Begins to Freeze 32o Fahrenheit

• Any temperature less than 0o C or 32o F

– Solid to Liquid – add heat

• Begins to Melts at > 0o C or 32o F

States of Water • Water can easily change from one state into the

other

– Liquid to Gas – add more heat

• Begins to Boils, Steams and Evaporates

at 100o Celsius or 212o Fahrenheit

• And temperatures great than 100o Celsius or 212o

Fahrenheit

– Gas to Liquid – take away heat

• Condenses at < 100o C or 212o F

Other: States of Water

• Water can easily change from one state

into the other

– Liquid to Solid - take away heat

– Solid to Liquid – add heat

– Liquid to Gas – add more heat

– Gas to Liquid – take away heat

– Solid to Gas (Sublimation) – add more heat

– Gas to Solid (Sublimation) – take away heat

H

Hydrogen

H

Hydrogen

O

Oxygen

Water is made up of 2 hydrogen molecules

and 1 oxygen molecules

Water Molecule

Water particles are constantly

moving ….

• Solids

– They are tightly packed in

• Liquids

– Less ordered and packed

• Gas

– Free flowing and loose

Pictures from: http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/states.html

0o Celsius = 32o Fahrenheit

100o Celsius = 212o Fahrenheit

C = (5 * (F-32)) ÷ 9 F = ((9 * C) ÷ 5) + 32

Water is Everywhere

• Because of the three states, water exists

everywhere on earth

• Some places water exists are:

– Oceans, Seas, Rivers, Streams, and Lakes

– Underwater water tables

– Ice Caps, Glaciers

– Atmosphere

Water Cycle (Hydrological Cycle)

• This is the name we have given the

process that water goes through on Earth

• This cycle is never-ending and all

processes are going on all the time

• We will give each process a name, based

on the main actions taken place in that

process.

Water Cycle: What is it.

The water cycle is the process by which

water travels from the Earth's surface to the

atmosphere and then back to the ground

again. It is a constant

process with the same

water going through the

cycle over and over

again.

Evaporation

• The Sun provides heat to the earth.

– Without the heat from the sun, this process

could not happen

• This heat causes Evaporation.

– process where liquid turns into gas

– Water on the earth turns into water vapor and

is released into the atmosphere

– Trees and plants also release tiny bits of

water – this process is called Transpiration

Condensation

• As the water vapor rises in the

atmosphere, it cools and condenses

– This process is known as condensation.

– forms clouds

– Water vapor changes states and “sticks

together”

– Changes back to liquid form

– As the drops get bigger….

Precipitation

• Water vapors that have condensed are formed into clouds which in turn will produce rain or snow

– As many water vapors gather together into clouds, they become heavy.

– The heavier the condensed collected water vapor, the sooner it will returns to the Earth's surface as water

– Temperature of the air determines whether the precipitation will be rain, snow, sleet, hail etc.

Types of Precipitation • Rain

– Liquid state of water

– Temperatures in the atmosphere are between 0oC – 100oC / 32oF – 212oF

• Types – Mist

– Drizzle

– Showers

– Thunderstorms

– Torrential

• When – Warmer weather

– Most often in spring, then summer. Less in fall & winter

Types of Precipitation • Sleet

– Solid state of water; mixture of snow and freezing rain

– Snow that melts as it falls and then freezes again

– When

• Colder weather… late fall and winter

Pictures from: http://weather.cod.edu/chasing/1999/hail1.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_juxRFPSR_-A/SAkXE0kDokI/AAAAAAAAAPs/65R26UA7s2s/s400/snow2.JPG

Types of Precipitation • Hail

– Solid state of water; pellets of ice

– Formed in thunderclouds - water

vapor condenses into liquid,

freezes; collects more liquid, which

freeze; thus getting bigger

– Hail

• Colder weather… late fall and winter

• In Georgia, we see it in colder weather,

but most often in the spring… colder air

higher in the atmosphere causes ice

balls to form and it falls to the earth as

hail

Pictures from: http://weather.cod.edu/chasing/1999/hail1.jpg

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_juxRFPSR_-A/SAkXE0kDokI/AAAAAAAAAPs/65R26UA7s2s/s400/snow2.JPG

Types of Precipitation • Snow

– Solid state of water: sublimation of water vapor (gas) turns directly into solid (snow); ice crystals

– Produced high in the atmosphere and the temperature holds steady to stay as snow as it falls

– When • Colder weather… winter

Pictures from: http://wallpapers.free-review.net/23__Windows_7_-_Morning_dew.htm

http://seawayblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/insects-in-morning-dew.html

Condensation Example • Dew

– NOT a type of Precipitation, but example of

condensation on the round

– moisture condensed from the atmosphere, esp. at

night, and deposited in the form of small drops upon

any cool surface - this is a type of precipitation

– When

• Most often every morning… cooler days

Pictures from: http://wallpapers.free-review.net/23__Windows_7_-_Morning_dew.htm

http://seawayblog.blogspot.com/2008/03/insects-in-morning-dew.html

Photo by

Martin Amin

Run Off / (Collection) Storage

• Precipitation flows into:

– Ground water

– Streams, rivers, etc.

– Ponds, lakes, seas, and oceans

• Evaporation occurs as the sun heats up

the earth…

THE WATER CYCLE

1. Water

evaporates

Water vapour is

carried up into the

air.

4

3 2

1

1

2. Water vapour

condenses to

form clouds

3. Rain water

falls to form

rivers. -

Precipitation

4. Rivers flow

into the sea

Plants give off

water:

Transpiration

THE WATER CYCLE

A

B

D

C

A. SNOW AND ICE ON

MOUNTAIN TOPS MELT

AND FLOW INTO

RIVERS

C. WATER FROM

RESERVOIRS IS

CLEANED AT WATER

WORKS AND PUMPED

TO OUR HOUSES

B. RESERVOIRS ARE

MADE TO STORE

WATER FOR OUR USE

D. WASTE WATER

FROM OUR HOUSES IS

CLEANED AT THE

SEWAGE WORKS AND

PUMPED BACK INTO

THE SEA

Electrify your Brain

1. What is the correct order of the Water Cycle? A. Condensation, Evaporation, Run off, Storage, Precipitation

B. Run off, Storage, Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation

C. Precipitation, Condensation, Evaporation, Run off, Storage

D. Evaporation, Run off, Precipitation, Storage, Condensation

2. Which process forms Clouds?

A. Evaporation

B. Condensation

C. Precipitation

D. Storage

Electrify your Brain

3. Which process is most closely related to snow?

A. Evaporation

B. Condensation

C. Precipitation

D. Storage

4. What causes evaporation?

A. The oceans

B. Rain

C. Sun

D. The atmosphere

Water Cycle Bracelet

“Water Cycle Boogie” …sung to the tune of “Skip to my Lou”

Sun ashining from its birth, Dries the water, dries the earth. A YELLOW bead shows its worth, Water cycle boogie.

Evaporation, water’s gone, To a vapor, won’t take long. Choose a CLEAR bead, can’t go wrong, Water cycle boogie. Clouds are forming drop by drop. Vapor moving, will not stop. WHITE bead shows us what’s on top. Water cycle boogie.

Condensation, water’s here No more vapor, give a cheer. A LIGHT BLUE bead, like a tear, Water cycle boogie. Precipitation, rain and snow, Shows us water on the go. A DARK BLUE bead, don’t you

know, Water cycle boogie. See the water moving fast, Runoff on the ground at last. BROWN bead also joins the cast, Water cycle boogie. Transpiration from a tree. Water vapor you can’t see. GREEN bead shows it all to me. Water cycle boogie.

Sources • Cloud Information

– http://www.learner.org/interactives/weather/watercycle.html

• Cloud Pictures:

• http://www.ecasd.k12.wi.us/Departments/media/cadre/weather/Clouds.p

pt

• http://www.eo.ucar.edu/webweather/stratus.html

• http://www.floyd.k12.va.us/trt/pwrpnts/science/cloudtypes.zip

• http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/education/primary/students/clouds.html