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Instituto de Capacitación sobre Manejo Adaptativo de Agua y Energía en Zonas Áridas de las Américas Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP Sebastian Vicuña (CCG-UC) Credits to: Larry Dale (LBNL) Nicolas Borchers (PUC)

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Page 1: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Instituto de Capacitación sobre Manejo Adaptativo de Agua y Energía en Zonas Áridas de las Américas

Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Sebastian Vicuña (CCG-UC)

Credits to:

Larry Dale (LBNL) Nicolas Borchers (PUC)

Page 2: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Temario

• Contexto: nexo agua – energía

• WEAP-LEAP

• Ejemplos en Chile y California

Page 3: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Agua para Energía

Enfriamiento centrales termoeléctricas

Hidroeléctricidad

Extracción y refinamiento

Producción de biocombustibles

Energía para Agua

Extraction y transmision

Tratamiento de agua potable o industrial

Energía asociado al uso del agua

Tratamiento aguas servidas

NEXO AGUA ENERGIA

Page 4: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

4

Q. I Q. II

Q. III Q. IV

Water-Energy Interactions Consume

Energy &Water

Co

nsu

me En

ergy P

rod

uce En

ergy

Use Energy to Supply Water

Groundwater pumps

Urban hot water use

Reservoirs

Use Water to Supply Energy

Thermo power plant cooling

Overview of Water-Energy Interactions

Produce Energy & Water

Produce Water Consume Water

Page 5: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

5

Q. I Q. II

Q. III Q. IV

Water-Energy Conservation

Consume

Energy &Water

Co

nsu

me En

ergy P

rod

uce En

ergy

Use Energy to Supply Water

Produce Energy & Water

Ag and Residential End-Use

Conjunctive use ground/surface storage

Bio-Fuel Crops

Once through vs. dry cooling

Conservation

Measures

Pressurized Irrigation

Overview of Water-Energy Interactions

Clothes washers

Use Water to Supply Energy

Produce Water Consume Water

Page 6: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

6

Energy-Water Linkages Sector Activities

Power Generation

• Thermal Cooling

• Hydropower

Water Utilities

• Pumping

• Transfers long distance

• Treatment

• Wastewater Treatment

Residential

• Cooling (AC)

• Water Heating

Commercial & Government

• Water Cooling Towers

• Heating

Agriculture

• Irrigation

• Drip and flood

• Pumping groundwater

Industrial

• Cooling

• Heating

Overview of Water-Energy Interactions

Page 7: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Integrated Model to Evaluate Water Energy Impact of Climate Scenarios

Page 8: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

8

Q. I Q. II

Q. III Q. IV

Climate Adaptation

Consume Energy &Water

Co

nsu

me En

ergy P

rod

uce En

ergy

Use Energy to Supply Water

Produce Energy & Water

Clothes washer standards

Reservoirs

Use Water to Supply Energy

Biofuels, Water transfers

Pressurized Irrigation, Desalinization

Overview of Water-Energy Interactions

Dry Scenarios

(water relatively scarce)

Wet Scenarios

(energy relatively scarce)

Hot Dry

Hot Dry Scenarios

Produce Water Consume Water

Page 9: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

WATER ENERGY NEXUS

Page 10: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Temario

• Contexto: nexo agua – energía

• WEAP-LEAP

• Ejemplos en Chile y California

Page 11: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

www.weap21.org www.energycommunity.org

Page 12: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Temario

• Contexto: nexo agua – energía

• WEAP-LEAP

• Ejemplos en Chile y California

Page 13: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

CAMBIO GLOBAL EN CHILE Un país que crece – más recursos

CADE, 2011

Page 14: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

CAMBIO GLOBAL EN CHILE Un país que crece – más recursos

Fuente: Banco Mundial, 2011

Page 15: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Proyecciones precipitación 2010-2040 2040-2070 2070-2100

Page 16: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Proyecciones temperatura

2070-2100 2040-2070 2010-2040

Page 17: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

AG

RIM

ED, 2

00

8

Page 18: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

AB

R

MA

Y

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JUL

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P

OC

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FE

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R

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ud

al

[m3/s

]

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[m3/s

]

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[m3/s

]

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al

[m3/s

]

0

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ABRMAY JUN JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC ENE FEB MAR

Cau

dal

[m3/s

]

Linea Base 2011 - 2040

2041 - 2070 2071 - 2099

Page 19: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

El nexo agua y energía desde cuatro perspectivas

Page 20: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA MINERÍA

Fuentes: COCHILCO, 2009; COCHILCO, 2010 ; CADE, 2011

Page 21: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA MINERÍA

Fuentes: COCHILCO, 2011

Proyección Producción Potencial de Cobre Mina en Chile (Miles de toneladas de cobre fino)

2010: 5.419 2020: 7.751

+ 43%

Page 22: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA MINERÍA

Fuentes: COCHILCO, 2010

Evolución prevista en el consumo de electricidad

2010: 17,7 TWh 2020: 27,1 TWh

+ 53%

Page 23: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA MINERÍA

Fuentes: COCHILCO, 2010; CADE, 2011

Evolución prevista en el consumo de electricidad

2010: 17,7 TWh 2020: 27,1 TWh

+ 53%

Potencia Instalada por Tecnología Casos Bau SING

Mayor consumo de agua

Page 24: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA MINERÍA

• Demanda adicional de agua fresca: aproximadamente 8 m3/s

• En regiones II y III la opción que se considera son plantas de desalación:

Nombre Planta Desalinizadora Proyecto minero o

empresa asociada Región

Capacidad Planta Transporte agua

Estado Distancia Altura

(en lts/seg) (kms.) (m.s.n.m.)

El Coloso Minera Escondida II 525 177 3600 En operación

El Coloso Ampliación Minera Escondida II 3200 177 3600 RCA aprobado

Planta Desalinizadora de MOLY

COP Chile Moly COP Chile II 4.3 _ _ En operación

Planta Desalinizadora Sector

Sur Aguas Antofagasta II 600 _ _ En operación

Planta Desalinizadora Chimba 600 _ _ En operación

Los Hornitos C. C. Los Andes II 4.3 _ _ DIA en calificación

El Morro Proyecto El Morro III 650 110 4000 EIA en calificación

Planta desalinizadora

Candelaria Minera Candelaria III 300 a 500 900 1200 EIA en calificación

Planta desalinizadora Manto

Verde Proyecto Manto Verde III 120 40 490 EIA en calificación

Planta Desaladora para el

Valle de Copiapó AGBAR Chile III 1000 _ _ EIA en calificación

Punta Totoralillo CAP S.A. III 200 a 600 117(*) _ RCA aprobado

Fuentes: COCHILCO

Page 25: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA MINERÍA

• Demanda adicional de agua fresca: ≈ 8 m3/s

• En regiones II y III la opción que se esta considerando son plantas de desalación: – Más de 5 m3/s considerándose en plantas de desalación

– Costo energético (EL Coloso – Escondida): • 4,25 kWh/m3 de agua desalinizada producida

• 14 KWh para impulsión de cota 0 a cota 3.150 m.s.n.m

• Costo energético adicional: – 3 TWh (≈ central de 700 MW)

– Más de un 15% de aumento de consumo de electricidad

Page 26: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LAS CIUDADES

Page 27: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LAS CIUDADES: El caso de Santiago

• Consumo actual de agua en Santiago: 650 Hm3

• De estos aproximadamente 50 Hm3 provienen de bombeo de aguas subterráneas

• Costos energéticos:

– Tratamiento agua potable: 0,37 kWh/m3

– Tratamiento aguas servidas: 0,35 kWh/m3

– Bombeo (profundidad promedio pozos): 0,35 kWh/m3

• Costo energético total: 470 GWh/año

Page 28: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Consumo de agua futuro

• Tasa de crecimiento numero de clientes

• Tasa de cambio de consumo por cliente

• Usando información Aguas Andinas últimos 5 años

Page 29: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Escenarios de cambio climatico

Proyecciones para el periodo 2035-2065 comparado con el periodo control

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

Temperature change (°C)

Pre

cip

itat

ion

ch

ange

(%

)

ECHAM

data2

GFDL

data4

HadCM3

data6v

A1B

B1

Page 30: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Impactos hidrologicos Ejemplo del Escenario ECHAM A1b

Maipo en cabecera

0

50

100

150

200

250

1-A

pr

21

-May

10

-Ju

l

29

-Au

g

18

-Oct

7-D

ec

26

-Jan

17

-Mar

Week

Flo

w (

m3 /s

)

Control 2010 - 2040

2040 - 2070 2070 - 2100

Page 31: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Evaluando el suministro de agua potable

Escenarios de cambio global considerados

Nombre Hidrología Demanda

Control 1980-2010 Nivel del 2010

Cambio climático 2035-2065 Nivel del 2010

Cambio climático + Cambio población

2035-2065 Nivel del 2050

Page 32: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Impactos por escenario ECHAM HadCM3

GFDL

CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND

POPULATION GROWTH

CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND

POPULATION GROWTH

CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND

POPULATION GROWTH

Page 33: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Impactos por escenario ECHAM HadCM3

GFDL

CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND

POPULATION GROWTH

CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND

POPULATION GROWTH

CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE AND

POPULATION GROWTH

Page 34: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• Aumento consumo de agua:

– 70 Hm3 (+10%)

• Aumento en bombeo

– 3.5 veces (promedio escenarios)

• Costo energético total:

– 540 GWh/año (+15%)

NEXO EN LAS CIUDADES: El caso de Santiago

Page 35: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Ej. Cuenca del Maule

Page 36: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Agricultura en Maule

– 243.000 Ha

– 12% del total país

– 20% riego país

Page 37: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

570 MW2.524 GWh prom. anual

40 MW266 GWh prom. anual

89 MW614 GWh prom. anual

68 MW529.65 GWh prom. anual

106 MW598.58 GWh prom. anual

Generación en Maule

– 7.200 GWh

– 35% de hidro país

– 18% electricidad país

Page 38: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

5

10

15

20

25

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

°C T° en Armerillo – ECHAM a1b

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

mm PP en Armerillo – ECHAM a1b

2010-2040 2040-2070 2070-2100 Control

Page 39: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

0

5

10

15

20

25

apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec jan feb mar

m3/s Q - Afluente Laguna del Maule - ECHAM a1b

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec jan feb mar

m3/s Q - Maule en Armerillo - ECHAM a1b

2010-2040 2040-2070 2070-2100 control

Page 40: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100

Millones de m3 Almacenamiento Laguna del Maule (2010 - 2100)

2010-2040 2040-2070 2070-2100 control

Page 41: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

% Factor de Planta sistema hidroeléctrico Maule Alto - ECHAM a1b

2010-2040 2040-2070 2070-2100 control

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100

Cobertura de Demanda todo el sistema - ECHAM a1b

Page 42: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Impactos a nivel país

Periodo

Generación Hidroeléctrica

Impactos asociados a aumento por generación termoeléctrica

GWh Delta (%) Aumento

Generación (GWh)(1) Emisión GEI (tCO2e/año)

Costo económico

(MUS$/año)(2)

1976-2000 20 938

Escenario A2

2011-2040 18 129 -13% 2 809 2 626 488 101

2041-2070 17 653 -16% 3 285 3 071 434 118

2071-2099 16 686 -20% 4 252 3 975 979 153

Escenario B2

2011-2040 18 779 -10% 2,159 2 018 665 78

2041-2070 17 934 -14% 3 004 2 808 740 108

2071-2099 17 539 -16% 3 399 3 178 065 122

Fuentes: CEPAL, 2009

Page 43: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• ¿Que pasa si aumentamos la eficiencia en riego?

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Ej. Cuenca del Maule

Page 44: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Ej. Cuenca del Maule

Riego gravit. 99%

Mecánico Mayor

0%

Microriego 1%

Riego gravit. 94%

Mecánico Mayor

1%

Microriego 5%

Riego gravit. 70%

Mecánico Mayor

1%

Microriego 29%

Riego gravit. 42%

Mecánico Mayor

2%

Microriego 56%

San Clemente

1997: 33.043 has 2007: 29.166 has

1997: 14. 172 has 2007: 23.378 has

Ovalle

Page 45: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• ¿Que pasa si aumentamos la eficiencia en riego?

• Supuestos: – Mismo patrón de riego que en Ovalle

– Todo lo regado es manzano

– No hay necesidades de bombeo

• “Sobran” 74 millones de m3 al año

• Pero necesitamos 2.3 GWh adicionales

• ¿Compensa?...Próximo año la respuesta

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Ej. Cuenca del Maule

Page 46: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• ¿Y si aumenta la demanda por riego?

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Otras consideraciones

Requerimientos de riego manzanos

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Arica 1

Anto

fagasta

San P

edro

Copia

pó 1

La S

ere

na 1

La H

iguera

Quin

tero

Casabla

nca

Buin

Puente

Alto

Litu

eche

Pare

dones

Palm

illa

Machalí

San

Lic

anté

n

Maule

Curicó

San

San P

edro

Buln

es

Cabre

ro

Antu

co

Contu

lmo

Cara

hue

Tem

uco

Vald

ivia

Corr

al

Paillaco

Fre

sia

Lla

nquih

ue

Puert

o

Lago V

erd

e

Chile

Chic

o

mm

LB A240 A270

Fuentes: CEPAL, 2011

Page 47: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• ¿Y si los agricultores quieren generar electricidad?

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Otras consideraciones

Page 48: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• ¿Y si los agricultores quieren generar electricidad?

NEXO EN LA AGRICULTURA: Otras consideraciones

Page 49: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

NEXO EN LA GENERACION DE ELECTRICIDAD

Modelo WEAP-LEAP para todo Chile

Page 50: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

• SIC abastece a las regiones III – X

• Capacidad Instalada 2012: 13.545 MW

• Potencia (%) por Tipo:

– Termoeléctrica: 50,9%

– Hidroeléctrica: 47,2%

– Eólica: 1,9%

Mapa SIC

Fuente: CDEC-SIC

Page 51: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Generación Histórica SIC

Fuentes: Informe Diario a la CNE, CDEC-SIC

Generación Mensual de Energía, CDEC-SING

Page 52: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Modelación en WEAP

Maule

Laja

Page 53: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Modelación en LEAP

53

Page 54: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Esquema Funcionamiento Modelo Integrado

Fuente: Elaboración Propia

Page 55: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Resultados – Variación Generación Hidráulica según cambios en T y Pp.

55 Fuente: Elaboración Propia

Page 56: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Resultados – Variación Emisiones GEI según cambios en T y Pp.

56 Fuente: Elaboración Propia

Page 57: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP
Page 58: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Water Storage and Delivery System

Supply in North and East

Demand in South and West

Moderately-sized reservoirs

Store winter precipitation as Sierra snowpack

State

Local

San Diego

Los Angeles

San Francisco

Federal

Complex east-west and north-south distribution system combining rivers, canals and storage reservoirs

Page 59: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

California’s Central Valley

55,000 sq. km. (20,000 sq. mi.)

25 MAF/yr surface water discharge

Agricultural Production

6.8 million acres (27,500 sq. km)

10% of US crops value in 2002

Population growth

1970: 2.9 million

2005: 6.4 million

Pumping

~9 MAF in 2002, or 13% if US pumping

Not measured or regulated

Page 60: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

60

Water Budget

Page 61: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Pumping and Surface Water

Page 62: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Electricity System • Electricity Sources

• Mostly Natural Gas •38GW

•Hydropower •Small but vital

•Nuclear and other • 5GW

• Imports •16GW largely coal powered, 1/3rd hydro from north

•Electricity Demand

• Located in two large Cities on Coast, and Inland urban.

• 50GW during the peak • Transmission lines

•Link demand and supply •Important constraints on import capacity.

Page 63: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Historical Energy Water Management in CA Cheap Energy to Supply Water

En

erg

y I

np

ut

kW

h

Water Output Acre-Foot

2.7kWh/m3

Reservoirs

- 500 kWh per AF

Groundwater

(Central California)

365 kWh per AF

Drip Irrigation

586 kWh per AF

Conveyance

(Los Angeles)

3,323 kWh per AF

Residential End-Use

(Los Angeles)

4,128 kWh per AF

Source: Bulletin 160-2000, CA Department of Water Resources

Navigant Consulting. "Refining Estimates of Water Related Energy Use in California." California Energy Commission.

CEC 500-2006-116. 2006.

0

0

Overview of Water-Energy Interactions - California

.29 kWh/m3

3.35kWh/m3

Page 64: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Climate projections

Clearly

warmer

Not certain

about

precipitation

Page 65: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Research Issues

• The ‘stationarity’ assumption – Changes to surface water availability and variability

– Physical infrastructure, population, economics

• Climate change impacts – Changes to water supply1

– Impacts on hydropower2

– Impacts on agriculture3

– Strategies for adapting to these changes4

– Impacts on groundwater

• 1. Emissions Pathways, Climate Change, and Impacts on California. K. Hayhoe, D. Cayan, C. Field, P. Frumhoff, E. Maurer, N. Miller, S. Moser,

S. Schneider, K. Cahill, E. Cleland, L. Dale, F. Davis, R. Drapek, M. Hanemann, L. Kalkstein, J. Lenihan, C. Lunch, R. Neilson, S. Sheridan, J. Verville. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2004.

• 2. Climate Change Impacts on High Elevation Hydropower Generation in California’s Sierra Nevada: A Case Study in the Upper American River. S. Vicuna, R. Leonardson, W. M. Hanemann, L.L. Dale, and J.A. Dracup. Climatic Change (2008)

• 3. Climate Change Impacts on Water for Agriculture in California: A case study in the Sacramento Valley. B. Joyce, S. Vicuna, L. Dale, D. Purkey, M. Hanemann, J. Dracup, D. Yates, Climatic Change. In press. June 2007.

• 4. Basin Scale Water Systems Operations under Climate Change Hydrologic Conditions: Methodology and Case Studies Sebastian Vicuna, John Dracup, Jay Lund, Larry Dale, Ed Mauer. Water Resources Research. February, 2009

Page 66: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Project 1. Statewide problem. Research Questions

How sensitive are groundwater levels to climate-dependent inputs and groundwater pumping?

Will the surface water-groundwater system reach a new

equilibrium after extended surface water reductions?

To what extent will changes in cropping patterns reduce impacts on groundwater levels?

How will changes in energy prices and bio-fuel crop acreage impact groundwater levels?

Page 67: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Water Sources

70% reduction for 60 years

Page 68: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Relative Water Level Change

30% for 10 years 70% for 60 years

Relative WT Change (Feet)

Page 69: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Water UseFixed and Adjustible-Crop Simulations

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2004 2014 2024 2034 2044 2054 2064 2074 2084 2094 2104

Water Year

Wat

er

Use

(TA

F/Y

r)

Diversions

Pumping - Adjusted Crops

Pumping - Fixed Crops

70% reduction for 60 years

Page 70: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Difference in Pumping HeadFixed-Crop and Adjustable-Crop Simulations

-160

-140

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

2004 2014 2024 2034 2044 2054 2064 2074 2084 2094 2104

Water Year

Pu

mp

ing

he

ad (

ft)

Sacramento Valley

San Joaquin River Basin

Tulare Basin

Page 71: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Drought Impact on Electricity Use Rise in groundwater electricity cost (kWh/ac ft)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2014 2034 2054 2074

Year

Incre

ase i

n e

lectr

icit

y u

se (

kW

h/a

c f

t)

Tulare basin

San Joaquin Basin

Sacramento

Page 72: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Project 2. Basin-wide problem. Research Questions

Determine the water-energy nexus in an “almost” closed system – the American River basin

Determine how the linkages between water and energy are sensitive to changes in climate

Determine different water and energy management strategies and their trade-offs

Page 73: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

The American River

San Diego

Los Angeles

San Francisco

Page 74: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Sacramento Area Land-Use Area of Study

WEAP-LEAP Model

Page 75: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

75

Area of Study Water Purveyors of Sacramento Area

Sacramento

River

American River

Sacramento

and American

River Junction

Folsom

Reservoir

WEAP-LEAP Model

Page 76: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Select Regional Focus Sac City Utility Service Area

Page 77: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

WATER DATA

Demand

• Water Customer Profile (RWA utility billing

data)

– Aggregate Monthly Water Use by Customer Class (RWA utilities, for

residential, commercial, industrial, Power sector)

Supply

• Water Use & Electricity Load Profile (SMUD billing data combined with water utility water use, kWh per mil gal)

– Pumping Loads

• Amt of Water Processed

• Amt of Electricity Consumed

– Treatment water and electricity use (estimate?)

ENERGY DATA

Demand

• Energy Customer Load Profile

– Electricity Use by Customer Class (SMUD users, for residential, commercial, industrial, water utility)

Supply

• Electricity Supply Load Profile

– Hydropower Generation and Release Schedule (million gal/kWh)

– Thermal generation

– Purchased power

77 WEAP-LEAP Model Data

WEAP-LEAP Data Requirements Climate-Driven Changes to Water-Energy

Page 78: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

SMUD HP System

City of Sacramento

Folsom Reservoir

Page 79: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Data Requirements Climate-Driven Changes to Water-Energy

City of Sacramento Water Demand (Million Gallons per Day)

SMUD Total Hourly Electrical Load (10’s of Megawatts)

Temperature at the Sacramento Airport (Degrees Farenheit) 79

Page 80: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

80

SCENARIO HIGHER TEMPERATURES

&

LOWER SUMMER WATER FLOWS

1. Constrained Hydropower 2. Higher Cooling Demand (AC) 3. More Groundwater Pumping 4. Higher Prices

1. Higher Summer Demand 2. Lower Groundwater Levels 3. Higher Prices

WEAP-LEAP Scenario Analysis Climate Scenario, System Impacts and Management Responses

WEAP-LEAP Model: Climate Scenarios and Management Responses

IMPACT ON WATER IMPACT ON ENERGY

Page 81: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Evaluate Scenarios Streamflow and pumping

• Stream Flow:

• Urban Pumping:

81

Change Rainfall

Change Temperature

0 2 4

-15% -28% -31.5% -35%

0% 0% -4.4% -9%

15% 45% 40.1% 35%

Change Rainfall

Change Temperature

0 2 4

-15% 1.3% 3.1% 5.3%

0% 0% 1.5% 2.8%

15% -1.5% -0.1% 1.3%

Page 82: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

Evaluate Mitigation Options GHG Emissions

• Clean Imports:

• Thermal Imports:

82

Change Rainfall

Change Temperature

0 2 4

-15% -0.1% -.8% -2.1%

0% 0.0% -.1% -0.03%

15% -2.8% -.4% -0.2%

Change Rainfall

Change Temperature

0 2 4

-15% 3% 5.7% 10%

0% 0% 1.9% 6%

15% 0% -1.7% 3%

Page 83: Water Energy nexus WEAP-LEAP

83

Conclusion • Water Energy interactions

– Pervasive energy to supply water link

– More region specific water to supply energy link

• Climate change impact on energy and water prices – Helps determine direction of adaptive response

• Modeling efforts to explore – Size of energy and water linkages

– Impact of climate change on linkages

– Management options