Water flows in the natural environment

Stephen M. Henderson

Waves

SedimentTransport

Currents

Motivation: $, safety, habitat, pollution etc

Field experiments

Field experiments

Field Instrumentation:velocity/temperature

Field Instrumentation:velocity/temperature

East

North

Vertical

Temperature Temperature/Salinity/Depth:7 instruments, 1Hz sampling, 10-3C accuracy25 instruments, 4 min sampling, 10-1C accuracy

Velocity:9 instruments, 8Hz sampling, 10-3m/s accuracy, 2m range, 1.5cm bins,5cm/s max velocityor1 min sampling, 5cm/s accuracy, 6m range, 0.3m bins,any velocityor10 min sampling, 1cm/s accuracy, 20m range, 0.7m bins,any velocityor

2 instruments64Hz sampling, 10-3m/s accuracy, single measurement in cm3 bin + eddy correlation heat flux

Field Instrumentation:other

• 2 weather stations:Air temperature, relative humidity, velocity, net radiation

• GPSs

Pen & paper theory• Water is not created of destroyed, and F=Ma…

Leads to pdes for water motion, sometimes can be solved with standard applied math techniques.

Computer simulations