water garden and stream

8/10/2019 Water Garden and Stream

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PROJECT PLAN

Water garden& streamThis article originally appeared in The Family Handyman magazine.

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water garden&stream

32 JULY/AUGUST 2002 THE FAMILY HANDYMAN

by Spike Carlsen

water garden&streamPreformed shells and ready-to-gopumps make pond buildingsimple. Moving 5 tons of stonewell, thats another matter!W hether its astream in themiddle of thewoods or a fountain in the heart

of downtown, few things rival

the sight and sound of moving

water. Its relaxing, mesmeriz-

ing, contemplative. Well, you

dont have to pack up the family

and drive for hours for thatexperience. You can create your

own water garden, complete

with babbling brook, in your

own back yard.

Well show you how to create

a water gardenwithout spend-

ing a fortune or your entire

summer doing it. Preformed

shells, rubber liners and off-the-

shelf pumps and lters put theprojects costs and skill require-

ments within easy reach of any

do-it-yourselfer. Youll put in

your share of sweat equity bust-

ing sod and hauling stone. But

when youre done, youll have a

landscape feature to enjoy for

years. Heres the story.


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THE FAMILY HANDYMAN JULY/AUGUST 2002 33


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WATER GARDENSno two are the same

S ince every yard and home-owner is different, every watergarden is unique. Yours can belarge or small, simple or complex.

There are two basic ways to create awater garden. The rst is to use a exiblerubber-like liner made of EPDM, thesame material used for at commercialroofs. Using this method, you dig theshape and size pond you want, then linethe hole with a sheet of this heavy-duty material. Homeowners who want todive into water gardening in a big way choose this exible liner; they can createlarge, deep ponds that can hold many,and many varieties of, sh and plants.For information on building this type of pond, see Do-it-Yourself WaterGarden, June 00, p. 118. To order acopy, see p. 116.

We elected to go the other route by using preformed rigid shells or liners.(Actually, we joined two shells with asmall stream made from the exibleliner mentioned above.) The shells weused are constructed of heavy-duty polyethylene, but you can also get onesmade from berglass and other materi-als. Most shells have built-in ledges forplants and dont require as much plan-ning and ground preparation as theexible liners. Shells do limit yourdesign to the shapes available, but link-

ing several together increases youroptions. For a water garden of smallto moderate size, shells offer a lot of convenience.

Preformed shells come in a widevariety of shapes and sizes. Our gardencenter stocked a dozen shells ranging insize from a 4-gallon mini pond to the210-gallon buttery-shaped shell weused. It could special-order dozens of other shells as well. You can buy shells

with or without spillways, the moldedlips that allow water to ow from onepond to another. You can even buypreformed streams and waterfalls forconnecting a series of ponds. You can

install a single pond, cascade a series of ponds down a hillside, plunk one in themiddle of a patio or use one as a focusfor a small retreat in acorner of your back yard.

W a t e r g a r d e n& s t r e a m

TO GFCI-PROTECTEDOUTLET

PLANTLEDGE

CAPSTONE

SUPPORTSTONE

CIRCULATINGHOSE

LIP

PUMP

FILTER

PROP ROCKS


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W e elected to nestle our watergarden into an existingower bed about 20 ft. fromthe house. But remember, a water gar-den is a living thingit makes noise,attracts wildlife and requires upkeep.Locate it where you can best appreciateit. And remember that you haveneighbors, too.

Our experts gave us a few tips onpositioning water gardens:1. Select a location that receives four

hours or more of direct sun a day if you plan on including aquatic plants.

2. Make certain the area has gooddrainage. Locate the pond away from

the bottom of steep slopes so debris,fertilizers and pesticides dont runinto your pond. If youre connectingtwo ponds with a stream like we did,make sure you have an adequateslope. Position your pond so runoff ows downhill and away from any houses.

3. A lot of literature warns against posi-tioning your pond under or neartrees. But hey, this is the real world! If you wind up situating the pond in a

treed area, expect to spend moretime plucking out leaves, needles andbranches before they decompose.And watch out for roots as you dig.

4. Think safety. Building codes in mostareas are nebulous about water gar-dens. Most communities dontrequire barriers or fences, but askbefore you dig in. Otherwise, letcommon sense rule. If there are free-range toddlers in the neighborhood,consider building a barrier around your yard or pond.

5. Call your utility companies and havethem mark out the path of all under-ground wires, cable and pipe. Their

locations may very well require youto change your game plan. Digginginto an underground wire or pipecan be expensive and dangerouseven deadly.

Remember, moving water isnt just forlooks; it keeps the water ltered and aer-ated and helps prevent stagnation. If you install just a single pond, plan onincluding a pump, lter and fountain tokeep the water circulating and fresh.

LOCATION, location, location

FIG. A CONSTRUCTIONDETAILS OFPONDS ANDSTREAM

WATER IS DRAWN

through the filter by thepump, then pushedthrough the circulatinghose to the upper pond.

EPDMRUBBER

LINER

SPILLWAY

PREFORMEDSHELL

COARSESAND

WATEROUTLET


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36 JULY /A UG US T 20 02 THE FAMILY HANDYMAN

Before making any purchases,get copies of the literatureshowing the size and shape

of the shells your supplier has avail-able. Select a few models, then use agarden hose to create a rough foot-print of where theyd go and how theyd connect. We settled on the210-gallon Buttery pond (about$300) from Atlantic Water Gardensfor the lower pond and the 165-gal-lon St. Lawrence pond with spill-way (about $190) from MacCourt.

See Buyers Guide, p. 45, for moreinformation.

Once youve obtained your shells,position them ( Photo 1 ), then use ashovel to trench an outline 6 in.larger than the ponds. Remove theshells and dig (Photo 2 ) the hole forthe lower pond. You need to createa hole that will support the bottomof the shell as well as the ledges.Lower the shell into the hole fre-

quently to check the depth, shapeand position of shell and ledges. Digthe hole about 2 in. deeper than theintended nal elevation because thesand base youll spread next willraise it back up (Fig. A ). Make cer-tain the lip of the shell will be atleast 2 in. above the surroundingsoil or else dirt and muddy rain-water may ow in.

Next spread and level a 2-in. layerof coarse sand over the bottom of the hole (Photo 3 ). Set the shell inplace and check everything out.Does the sand fully support the bot-tom? Is the shell level (Photo 4 ) inevery direction? Is the lip at least2 in. above the surrounding soil?Are the edges of any ledges sup-ported? If the answer to all thesequestions is yes, you can startbacklling the pond.

1 POSITION AND ADJUSTthe preformedliners or shellsuntil you find adesign that fitsthe site and yourtastes. Keep theshells away fromsteep downhillslopes wheredebris and lawnchemicals couldrun into them.

2 DIG a hole6 in. widerand 2 in.deeper than theliner. Mimic theshape and depth ofthe shell, includingthe ledges. Test-fitthe shell frequentlyto ensure a solid fit.

3SPREAD alayer ofcoarse sand

to protect the bot-tom of the linerand the ledgesfrom sharp rocks.Sand also makesthe levelingprocess easier.

4LEVELthe linerin every

direction. Makecertain the bot-tom and ledgesare restingsolidly on sand.Use a level on along, straight2x4 to levellengthwise.

INSTALLthe pond shells

PREFORMEDLINER WITH

SPILLWAY

"BUTTERFLY"PREFORMED

LINER

LEDGES

6" BEYONDEDGE OF

POND

COARSESAND



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7 POSITION the upper liner, again first digging anoversize hole, then placing it on a layer of sand toprotect it. Make sure to provide a sufficientchange in elevation so theres a strong, positive flowfrom upper to lower pond.

6 TUCK the hose connecting the upperand lower ponds under the lip of theshell. Continue to extend and protect thehose from kinks and pinches as you do thestonework around both ponds.

5 BACKFILL around the liner with a50/50 mix of sand and soil at thesame rate water is filling it.Compact the soil and sand as you place it.Fully support the ledges when the backfillreaches that level.

Fill the pond with 2 to 3 in. of water, then check the shell for levelagain. This is critical; the water in your pond will be level, so if theshell is tilted, the water line willshow it! Pack a mixture of half sandand half soil around the base of thepond as you ll it with more water(Photo 5 ). Be sure to pack sandunder the ledges before the water

reaches them; theyre imsy andneed support.

Once we had the lower pond back-lled within about 8 in. of the top,we tucked the corrugated hose underthe lip of the shell (Photo 6 ). Thishose is used to recirculate waterfrom the pump in the lower pond tothe mouth at the far end of theupper pond.

Dig the hole for the upper shell,then level it and line it with sand as you did the lower shell. Make sure you have an adequate height differ-ence (Photo 7 ) for your falls andstream. If youre building on a slope, you may be able to bury the entireupper shell. Our site was atter, sowe used stone, sand and soil to par-tially build up around the shell.

Use the level of the water in the shellas a guide for ne-tuning the height ofthe ledges; the ledges are exibleenough to lift or lower an inch or soto maintain a level perimeter.

Tip

COMPACT SAND ANDSOIL AROUND LINER

RUN WATER INPOND WHILEBACKFILLING

TUCK CORRUGATEDHOSE UNDERLIP ON LINER


LEDGE


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Y ou can disguise the lip of your liner with overhangingplants, stone or a combina-tion of both. We primarily used

stacked agstone.Spread a 1- to 2-in. layer of sandaround the lower pond, then set alayer of agstone so the upper sur-face is level with the lip of the shell(Photo 8 ). This allows you to canti-lever the second layer of capstonesover the lip of the pond withoutthem weighing directly on the lip.

Theres no exact science to thestonework part of this project. Usethe ugliest, most irregular stones for

8INSTALL the flagstone. Set the first supportlayer of stone level with the lip of the liner.

Overhang the second cap layer of stone tocover and disguise the lip of the liner.

9 CONTINUE to add stone to support the ledges of theupper pond. Create the walls and base of the canalleading to the lower pond at the same time. Theplanter area creates a stable surround as well as a morenatural-looking transition between upper and lower ponds.

10 SPREAD a layer of sand in the stonecanal, sloping it toward the lower pond.Continue packing and leveling the sandto create a solid stream bed.

the rst support layer, since youwont see them anyway. Select andinstall capstones that conform tothe shape of the pond edge. We

built and rebuilt the stone layersaround the bottom pond severaltimes before we found a patternwe liked.

Once you have the lower pondsurrounded with stone, build yourway up and around the upper pond.Start with a wide stone base aroundthe upper pond. This will allow youto lay a slightly sloped, stable wall as you build up to the lip. Solidly sup-port the ledges of the pond with

rock and soil when you reach them.We created a small rock planter(Photo 9 ) that stepped up to theupper pond and helped make a

more natural-looking transition.While youre doing the stone-work around the upper pond, snakethe free end of the corrugated hose(Photo 6 ) to the far end of the upperpond. Bury it and cover it within therocks, but dont pinch it. Extend thefree end of the hose so it dischargesinto the far end of the upper pond,then secure and disguise the hosewith cap rocks.

BUILD UPthe edges with stone


CAPSTONES OVERHANGLIP ON LINER

SUPPORT STONESLEVEL WITH LIP

OF LINER

PLANTER

BUILD UP EDGESOF SPILLWAY

SUPPORTOVERHANGING

PARTS OFLINER

CANALWALL

ESTABLISHDOWNHILL SLOPEFROM SPILLWAY

TO LOWER POND


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11 LAY the rubber liner in place, draping it overthe sides of the canal wall and into the lowerpond. Tuck the liner up and behind the upperspillway. Use water from a garden hose to test flow andwatertightness as you work.

12 USING special pond foam, attach thin layersof stone to conceal the plastic spillway. Com-plete the stonework around the upper pond.

W e created a small stream from the spillway of the upper pond to the lower pond. Webegan by building a small canal out of stone(Photo 10 ), then sloped a layer of sand across the bot-

tom. We then laid the rubber liner into the canal ( Photo11 ), draped the excess liner up and over the walls of thecanal, then added another layer of stone to disguise it.Make sure the canal is deep enough to prevent waterfrom escaping.

Support the liner and curve it up and behind the spill-way to contain the water. Make certain the other enddrapes well into the lower pond. Use water from a gar-den hose to test the slope and ow of your little river as you build it. Again, dont expect to get everything rightthe rst time. Building with irregular stone isnt the sameas building with at, square wood. Use small stone chipsto shim and stabilize larger stones as you work.

Once youre satised with the design and watertight-ness of your stream, use pond foam (a black, weather-resistant expanding foam available through your ponddealer) to secure thin stone to the top and face of thespillway to disguise it (Photo 12 ). We added smoothstones to the bottom of the stream to hide the liner andcreate a more natural-looking ow.

Continue adding stone up and around the upper pondand upper pond lip.

BUILD a lazy river

60-MIL EPDM LINER

PONDFOAM

ALL THE RIGHT STUIf you want a long-lasting water garden,keep th ese buying tips in mind:

Some pond shells are imsy and more likely toex under the pressure of heavy backll or freez-ing, expanding soil. Do some comparison shop-ping before you buy. Both manufacturers listedin our Buyers Guide (p. 45) offer sturdy shells.Buy the thickest EPDM rubber liner you can nd.It commonly comes in 40-mil and heavier-duty60-mil thicknesses.Invest in heavy-duty hose for circulating thewater. Once its buried, its hard to make repairs.The corrugated version we found was quitecrush resistant.Pump size is based on the desired ow rate, plusthe height and distance it needs to push thewater. Read the manufacturers guidelines; whenin doubt, opt for the larger pump.Order excess agstone. Youll be better off nd-ing shapes that t than doing a lot of cutting.You can use any leftover material to build a pathor a garden border.



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and there are no leaks. (See AskHandyman, Nov. 01, p. 8, forinformation on installing outdoor

receptacles. To order a copy, seep. 116.) Pay attention to the pumpand lter literature for maintenanceinformation. Keep the upper end of the hose out of the upper pond toprevent a possible siphoning effect.

Maintaining clean water andestablishing aquatic plants and share complex topics we wont evenpretend to address here. Sufce it tosay, understanding the dynamics of your pond and doing proper main-tenance will make the differencebetween a pond youll want to lingeraround for hours and one youllwant to ll in with dirt and plantwith petunias in a few years. SeeFor More Information, below.

While we were photograph-ing the cover, someonestood on a sharp rock in thespillway, creating a pinholetear in the liner. We didntdiscover this slow leak untilseveral days later. The pumpin the lower pond kept circu-lating the water, but hour byhour, water leaked throughthis small cut, and less waterwas making its way back tothe lower pond. Eventually it

nearly went dry. If we hadntcaught it, we would haveburned out the pump andmost likely killed the owersand sh. Water loss fromeven dinky leaks or splashesadds up fast.

Buyers GuideWater garden supplies can be found at manylarge garden centers. Three manufacturers:ATLANTIC WATER GARDENS: (609) 927-8972. www.atlanticwatergardens.com. Lawnponds, lters, skimmers and accessories.BECKETT CORP.: (888) 232-5388.www.beckettpumps.com.MacCOURT: (800) 552-5473.www.maccourt.com. Preformed lawn ponds.

Art Direction HOPE FAYPhotography BILL ZUEHLKEIllustration DOUG OUDEKERKConsultant CHARLIE ROBINSON

For More InformationPools, Ponds and Waterways,Dawn Grinstain, Grove Press, 1992.www.suttonbooks.com

The Complete Pond Builder, Helen Nash,Sterling, 1996. barnesandnoble.com

13 CONNECT the filter,pump and hose. Placethe lower pond pumpand the upper pond inlet hose asfar from each other as possible.This will help ensure a morethorough water filtration andminimize stagnation. Keep acareful eye on the water level forseveral days to make sure thereare no leaks or clogs.

I f your ponds are full of sand,rock bits and other construc-tion debris, siphon, pump oruse a big wet-dry vacuum to removethe water and rell the ponds withfresh water.

Connect the lter and pump to your water circulating line so thewater is drawn through the lterbefore it reaches the pump ( Photo13 ). We added a T-tting to ourpump so we could circulate water tothe upper pond and to a small stat-ue beside the lower pond.

Set the lter on a few small rocksso it doesnt rest directly on the bot-tom where its more likely tobecome clogged with debris. Plug in your pump, then keep an eye onwater levels and ow to make sureeverything is functioning properly

PUMPS, fountains and wildlife

OOPS!


FILTER

PUMP

Find out more about aquaticplants and fish for your pond a twww.familyhandyman.com.

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