Water Water pollutiopollutio

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The pollution of water occurs The pollution of water occurs when chemicals, bacteria and when chemicals, bacteria and microorganisms which are not microorganisms which are not

its natural constituents are its natural constituents are present in the increased present in the increased

amount. Changes in physical, amount. Changes in physical, chemical and bacteriological chemical and bacteriological

properties of water are caused properties of water are caused by the increase of inorganic by the increase of inorganic

(solid, liquid, gas), organic and (solid, liquid, gas), organic and radioactive substances.radioactive substances.

Sources and types of pollutantsSources and types of pollutantsDue to the origin of water we Due to the origin of water we can distinguish natural and can distinguish natural and

artificial pollutants:artificial pollutants:Natural - water contains salt Natural - water contains salt

solutions, gases, organic solutions, gases, organic substances and substances and

microorganismsmicroorganisms..

Artificial - pollutants that come Artificial - pollutants that come from sewage, runoff from from sewage, runoff from

agricultural and municipal waste agricultural and municipal waste landfills. The artificial pollutants landfills. The artificial pollutants

can also be divided into biological can also be divided into biological (bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae) and (bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae) and chemical (oil, gasoline, grease, oil, chemical (oil, gasoline, grease, oil,

fertilizers, pesticidesfertilizers, pesticides, , acids).acids).

The main cause of water The main cause of water degradation are wastes discharged degradation are wastes discharged

from industrial and municipal from industrial and municipal sewage. They are called point sewage. They are called point source of pollution and include source of pollution and include water used in production and water used in production and

service units. Water that is used for service units. Water that is used for economic and hygienic purposes economic and hygienic purposes also belongs to point sources of also belongs to point sources of

pollution.pollution.

Another group consists of area sources Another group consists of area sources of pollution and are surface runoff of of pollution and are surface runoff of agricultural and forestry origin. These agricultural and forestry origin. These include fertilizers and pesticides, plant include fertilizers and pesticides, plant

protection chemicals which are protection chemicals which are extremely dangerous because of the extremely dangerous because of the high concentration of chemicals and high concentration of chemicals and

lack of control mechanisms. The lack of control mechanisms. The industrial runoffs areas without sewer industrial runoffs areas without sewer systems and outflows from municipal systems and outflows from municipal landfills also belong to this category.landfills also belong to this category.

Approximately one third of Approximately one third of water pollution comes from water pollution comes from the atmosphere. A rainwater the atmosphere. A rainwater absorb dust and gases in the absorb dust and gases in the air and then penetrate into air and then penetrate into the soil, or go directly to the the soil, or go directly to the

water tanks.water tanks.

The roads and means of The roads and means of transport have also got a transport have also got a negative impact on water. negative impact on water.

These are the compounds of These are the compounds of lead from exhaust fumes and lead from exhaust fumes and

road runoff.road runoff.

In order to minimize the impact of In order to minimize the impact of pollution on the surface water and pollution on the surface water and

land wastewater treatment is land wastewater treatment is applied. The process involves the applied. The process involves the

removal of sludge from wastewater removal of sludge from wastewater as well as substances dissolved in as well as substances dissolved in water. Depending on the types of water. Depending on the types of pollutants mechanical, physical, pollutants mechanical, physical,

chemical or biological methods are chemical or biological methods are used.used.

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