water pollution management policy from ......outline 1. the water quality challenge 2. the economic...
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WATER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT POLICY
FROM SOURCE-TO-SEA
Dr. Simon BuckleHead of the Climate, Biodiversity and Water Division OECD Environment Directorate
27 August 2017World Water Week, Stockholm
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Outline
1. The water quality challenge
2. The economic case for policy action
3. Emerging policy solutions
4. A framework for diffuse pollution management
5. A role for central government
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Source: Sadoff et al. (2015) Securing Water, Sustaining Growth; based on data from Vörösmarty et al. (2010)
The water quality challenge is global
Global distribution of water pollution hazard, 2000Diffuse source pollutionPoint source pollution
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Ocean dead zones
Source: University of Pennsylvania and GoogleMaps (2008)
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1 July 2016
Toxic algae bloom crisis hits Florida, drives away tourists
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Framework to manage diffuse pollution
Options to manage the risks
1. Manage land use practices and inputs as proxies
2. Reward or penalise land managers collectively
within a catchment for changes in water quality
3. Manage estimated diffuse pollution emissions from individual polluters
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Policy instruments to manage water pollution
Source: OECD (2017), Diffuse Pollution: Degraded Waters: Emerging Policy Solutions
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• Pesticide taxes, Norway
• Pollution taxes on livestock, France
• Payment for Ecosystems Services, England
• Point-diffuse water quality trading, Chesapeake Bay, USA
• Nutrient limits based on natural capital of the soil, Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand
Emerging policy solutions
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– Pollution prevention
– Polluter Pays
– Equity
Framework to manage diffuse pollution
Guiding principles
– Treatment at source
– Beneficiary Pays
– Policy coherence
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• Over-arching national policy guidance
• Enforced minimum water quality standards
• Space for stakeholder and community engagement
• Notice of policy changes and implementation options
• Economic efficiency, including space for innovation
Role for Central Government