water productivity and profitability of climate resilient rice-based cropping systems in...

Water Productivity and Profitability of Climate Resilient Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Water-Scarce Agroecosystems

of Bulacan

Implementing Agency : Bulacan Agricultural State College (BASC)

San Ildefonso, Bulacan Researcher : Dr. Josie A. Valdez

College Professor, BASC

Project Duration : 2014-2015 Project Cost : PhP 1 Million

Funding Agency : Department of Agriculture Regional Field Office 3

RATIONALE

Major causes of increasing scarcity and decreasing quality of fresh water and soil are:

- drought -climate change -influence of human activities -population growth - land use changes

Province of Bulacan - 30,000 hectares will become water-scarce due to the

absence of irrigation in dry season and water availability per capita will be further decreased

need to bring in urgent measures for enhancing the water use efficiency in the province for food production to achieve the target of inclusive growth and food security.

food production can be increased substantially in water-scarce areas through enhanced water use efficiency measures, adopting more resilient crops, and appropriate farming systems and cultural management approaches.

OBJECTIVES

The study generally aims to evaluate climate resilient rice-

based cropping systems through efficient utilization and

management of the available but limited water resource in the water-scarce agroecosystems of Bulacan such as rainfed, upland and tail-

end of irrigation systems.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES1. determine yield, agronomic response and water use of

crop grown during the cropping season

2. evaluate water productivity of the different cropping systems

3. determine soil fertility levels before and after the cropping season

4. assess the profitability of the different cropping systems

5. document the potentials and constraints of the recommended best-bet cropping systems at different water-scarce agroecosystems

Research Site: Water-scarce Agroecosystems (1) tail-end of irrigation systems (2) lowland rainfed (3) upland rainfed

Agroecosystems - different design on cropping systems based on -

a. preferred major crops grown by the farmers,b. access on irrigation water, c. rainfall pattern, and d. access to production inputs and market windows.

METHODOLOGY

Treatments: Climate Resilient Rice-Based Cropping Systems

1. Irrigated Agroecosystem – Tail-endWet Season Dry Season

Transplanted Paddy (TP) Follow Farmers’ Practice, (FP)

Aerobic Rice Technology (ART) Direct Wet Seeded (DWS) Rice - Alternate Wetting and Drying

(AWD) using Pump Systems, PS

TP DWS- AWD using PS

TP Mungbean (Using residual soil moisture, RSM)

Wet Season Dry Season

TP Farmers’ Practice

TP Vegetables (FP)

TP Mungbean using RSM

ART Mungbean using RSM

ART DWS-AWD using PS

ART Peanut using RSM

2. Lowland Rainfed Agroecosystem

Wet Season Dry Season

ART Vegetables

ART Cassava

ART Sweet Potato using RSM

ART Mungbean using RSM

3. Upland Rainfed Agroecosystem

Experimental Plots & ReplicationUse the existing paddy field of the selected farmer

cooperators.

Treatments were replicated into 3 which are the same with the number of farmer cooperators.

Data Gathered:1. Water inputs (rainfall & irrigation)2. Soil moisture content3. Soil fertility levels , before & after cropping

season4. Agronomic data (tiller count, plant height,

etc)5. Grain yield & biomass6. Penology (date of planting, flowering and

harvest)7. Cost and return of production 8. Farmers feedbacks

Data Analysis

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Comparison of treatment means - Least Significant Difference (LSD) Built-in functions under Excel Windows

Program - to compute, organize and plot collected data

Water Productivity

Water productivity – expressed as crop production per unit volume of water (Ali & Talukder, 2008)

WP – CY/VW

CY – crop yield, kilogramsVW – volume of water used, m-3

Water productivity (WP) is defined as the economic value of all crop production activities per unit volume of available water supply within a command area (Burt, 2002)

WP= VTP/AWS(PhP m-3)

where: VTP - total production value in the command area , (PhP) AWS - available water supply in the command area (m-3)

RESULTS AND

DISCUSSIONS

FARM NO. - NAME OF FARMER –COOPERATOR

LOCATION OF FARM Experimental Area

Soil texture and Land Description

Source of Water Cropping System

(Wet Season + Dry Season)

Date of Planting

Date of Harvesting

1. Reynato Torres Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy loam Penaranda Irrigation system

with water impounding

Transplanted Rice + Farmer’s Practice – NSIC Rc 10

Oct.19,2014 Jan.19,2015

2. Danilo G. Cruz Kalawitan, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Silt loam Penaranda Irrigation system


Dec.11,2014 March.20, 2015

3. Juanito Silverio Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Penaranda Irrigation system

with water impounding


Oct.26,2014 Jan.26,2015

4. Rodolfo Mariano Nabaong Garlang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy loam Irrigation system with water

impounding

Aerobic Rice Technology (ART) + Direct Wet Seeded Rice (DWS) , Alternate Wetting Drying (AWD – NSIC Rc 23

Oct.10,2014 Jan.10,2015

5. Ruben Toledo Pulong Tamo, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy loam Angat Irrigation system

Aerobic Rice Technology (ART) + Direct Wet Seeded Rice (DWS) , Alternate Wetting Drying (AWD) – NSIC Rc 23

Nov.26,2014 March.13,2015

6. Danilo Mempin Pulong Tamo, San Ildefonso, Bulacan


Aerobic Rice Technology (ART) + Direct Wet Seeded Rice (DWS) , Alternate Wetting Drying (AWD) – NSIC Rc 23

Dec 15,2015 March.29,2015

7. Rosalinda Vitalista

Pulong Tamo, San Ildefonso, Bulacan


Transplanted +DWS Rice-AWD, pump system, NSIC Rc 23

Dec 5,2015 March.14,2015

8 Elie Magisa Pulong Tamo, San Ildefonso, Bulacan



Dec 15, 2015 March.29,2015

9. Gerbacio Valerio Pulong Tamo, San Ildefoso, Bulacan



Nov 26,2014 March 14,2015

10. Rolando Gatbunton

Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy, clay loam Tail-end of Penaranda

Irrigation system

Transplanted Rice + Mungbean (using residual moisture, RSM)

Dec.7,2014 Feb 19, 2015

11. Zaldy Concepcion


5000 m2 Sandy, clay loam Tail-end of Penaranda

Irrigation system

Transplanted Rice + Mungbean (using residual moisture, RSM

Nov.7,2014 Jan.24,15

12. Rodolfo Alba Mataas na Parang, SIB

5000 m2 Sandy, clay loam Tail End of Penaranda

Irrigation system

Transplanted Rice + Mungbean (using residual moisture, RSM

Nov.10,2014 No harvest

Table 1. Profile of the Experimental Areas per Agroecosystem•Irrigated Agroecosystem (Tail-End of Irrigation System )

FARM NO.- NAME OF FARMER COOPERATOR

LOCATION OF FARM Experimental Area

Soil characteristics Source of Water Cropping System


Date of Planting Date of Harvesting

13. Nemencio Concepcion


5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with dug well

Transplanted Rice + Farmer’s Practice – NSIC Rc -23

Nov.9,2014 Feb.23,2015

14. Rodrigo Garcia Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan



Nov.3,2014 Feb.8,2015

15. Renil Pahati Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with SFR Rice + Farmer’s Practice – NSIC Rc 23 Nov.16,2014 Feb.27,2015

16. Julius Laos Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

2000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with SFR Transplanted Rice + Vegetable (Pepper Oct. 18, 2014 Dec. 29, 2014

17. Josefina Concepcion Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan


Transplanted Rice + Vegetable (Bitter Gourd) Dec 13, ,2014 Feb. 11, 2015

18. Fujie Vijandre Pinaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Silt loam Rainfed with SFR & Dug Well

Transplanted Rice + Vegetable (Bitter Gourd) Nov.13,2014 Jan 20. 2015

19. Fidelito Enriquez Pinaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

2000 m2 Sandy loam Rainfed Transplanted Rice + Mungbean using RSM Dec 10, 2014 No harvest

20. Antonio Verayo Pinaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy loam Rainfed with Deep Well

Transplanted Rice + Mungbean using RSM Nov 14,2014 Feb 16,2015

21. Rolando Angeles Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loams Rainfed Transplanted Rice + Mungbean using RSM Feb 9,2014 No harvest due to lack of

water22. Apolinario Placido Pinaod, San Ildlefonso,

Bulacan5000 m2 Sandy clay loams Rainfed ART + Mungbean using RSM Dec.10,2014 No harvest

due to lack of water

23. Glenn Pahati Pinaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Mungbean using RSM Oct 3, 2014 Dec 27, 2014

24. Ramon Dela Cruz Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulalcan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Mungbean using RSM Dec 14, 2014 No harvest due to lack of

water25. Florencio Estares Mataas Na Parang, San

Ildefonso, Bulacan5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + DWS rice –AWD, PS, NSIC Rc 23 Nov 16, 2014 No harvest

due to lack of water

26. Pribado Pahati Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with SFR ART + DWS rice –AWD, PS, NSIC Rc 23 Oct 26, 2014 Jan.27, 2014

27. Moises Valino Santa Catalina Bata, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Silt loam Rainfed with small farm reservoir

ART + DWS rice –AWD, PS, NSIC Rc 23 Dec.14,2014 No harvest due to lack of

water28. Narciso Baltazar Mataas na Parang, San

Ildefonso, Bulacan5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Peanut using RSM Dec.8,2014 Feb.2,2015

29. Daiseree Baltazar Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Peanut using RSM Dec.8,2014 Feb.2,2015

30 . Ramon dela Cruz Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Peanut using RSM Dec.14,2014 Feb. 13, 2015

•Lowland Rainfed Agroecosystem

FARM N0.- NAME OF FARMER

COOPERATOR

FARM LOCATION Experimental Area

Soil texture Source of Water Cropping System


Date of Planting Date of Harvesting

31. Jandel Pablo Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

2000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with Dug Well ART + Vegetable (Pepper) Dec.02,2014 Feb. 20, 2015

32. Orlando Aguilar Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

2000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with SFR ART + Vegetable (Pepper Dec.18,2014 Feb.2,2015

33. Peter Ponce Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed with SFR ART + Vegetable (Pepper Dec.18,2014 Feb.2,2015

34. Belinda Alba Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Cassava Oct.26,2014 No harvest due to the problem on the

planting material

35. Oswe Regalado Alagao, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Loam Rainfed ART + Cassava Nov.12,2014 May 24, 2015

36. Cresencio Ocampo

Buhol na Mangga, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy loam Rainfed ART + Cassava Dec.26,2014 No harvest due to the problem on the

planting material

37. Petronilo Catacutan

Pinaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Silty clay loams Rainfed with SFR ART + Sweetpotato Nov.9,2015 Feb. 9. 2015

38. Ryan Aquino Bohol na Mangga, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Clay loam Rainfed with supplemental irrigation

– pump from river

ART + Sweetpotato Nov. 12,2014 Feb. 25, 2015

39. Freddie Herrera Bohol na Mangga, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Clay loam Rainfed with supplemental irrigation

– pump from river

ART + Sweetpotato Nov.12,2014 Feb. 25, 2015

40 . Ramon Catacutan

PInaod, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Silty clay loam Rainfed with SFR ART + Mungbean NoV.17,2014 Feb.2,2015

41. Orlando Aguilar Mataas na Parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Mungbean Oct.14,2014 No harvest

42. Peter Ponce Mataas na parang, San Ildefonso, Bulacan

5000 m2 Sandy clay loam Rainfed ART + Mungbean Oct.1,2014 No harvest

Upland Rainfed Agroecosystem

EXPERIMENTAL FARMS

10/22

/2014

10/29

/2014

11/5/

2014

11/12

/2014

11/19

/2014

11/26

/2014

12/3/

2014

12/10

/2014

12/17

/2014

12/24

/2014

12/31

/2014

1/7/20

15

1/14/2

015

1/21/2

015

1/28/2

015

2/4/20

15

2/11/2

015

2/18/2

015

2/25/2

015

3/4/20

15

3/11/2

015

3/18/2

015

3/25/2

015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30RAINFALL

DEPTH, mm

Date

Figure 1. Daily Rainfall Recorded, mm, October 1014 to March 2015, NSWRRDC-BSWM, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Latitude – 15.0784, Longitude – 120.9541667, Elevation – 66.235 m.

Total Rainfall - 60.2 mm

0.0

10000.0

20000.0

30000.0

40000.0

50000.0

60000.0

70000.0

80000.0

90000.0

100000.0

Mungbean

Rice

Vegetable

Rice Peanut Cassava

Tail-end of IS Lowland Rainfed Upland Rainfed

EXPERIMENTAL FARM NUMBER

Volume of Water Used, cubic meters per hectare

Figure 2. Calculated Volume of Water Used in the 42 Experimental Areas, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry-Season Cropping, 2014-2015

Rice

Mungbean

Pepper

Mungbean

Sweetpotato

AGROECOSYSTEM/CROPPING SYSTEM

AVE. PLANT HEIGHT AT HARVEST

(cm)

AVE. NO. OF PRODUCTIVE

TILLER AT HARVEST

AVE. STRAW

WEIGHT, gm

AVE. WEIGHT OF 1000 GRAINS,

gm

AVE. YIELD, tons/ha

IRRIGATED (Tail-End) AGROECOSYSTEM, IAE

IAE1 = TP + FP 104.5a 6.55a 1.62a 1.56a 2.477a

IAE2 = ART + DWS- AWD 95.8a 7.32a 1.11ab 1.52a 2.430a

IAE3=TP+DWS-AWD, PS 92.53a 7.11a 1.34ab 1.77a 2.222a

LOWLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, LRAE

LRAE1 = TP+FP 100.49a 6.44a 1.17ab 1.38a 2.010a

LRAE5 = ART + DWS-AWD, PS 40.35a 4.65a 0.33b 0.27a 0.666b

Table 3. Growth and Yield Components of Rice at Different Cropping Systems in the Tail-end of Irrigation System and Lowland Rainfed Agroecosystems of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry season, 2014-2015.

AGROECOSYSTEMAVE.

PLANT HEIGHT AT HARVEST,

cm

AVE. BRANCH

COUNT, 60 DAE

AVE. NO. OF PODS

PER PLANT

AVE. YIELD, kg/ha

IRRIGATED AGROECOSYSTEM, IAE

IAE4 –TP + mungbean 44.96 3.33 9.10 301.61


LRAE3 = TP+ mungbean 12.26 1.77 5.00 0.00

LRAE4= ART + mungbean 19.48 1.77 4.22a 110.08

UPLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, URAE

URAE4 = ART + Mungbean 13.26 1.77 1.66 199.03

Table 4. Growth and Yield Components of Mungbean at Different Cropping Systems in the Tail-end of Irrigation System, Lowland and Upland Rainfed Agroecosystem of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry season, 2014-2015.

AGROECOSYSTEM AVE. INITIAL PLANT

HEIGHT, cm

AVE. MAX. PLANT

HEIGHT, cm

AVE. YIELD, kg/ha


LRAE2 = TP + Vegetable (Ampalaya)

14.96 94.61 8,000


URAE1= ART + Vegetable (Pepper)

15.50 79.78 1,778

Table 5. Growth and Yield Components of Vegetables at a Cropping System in the Lowland and Upland Rainfed Agroecosystems of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry-sesason, 2014-2015.

AGROECOSYSTEM AVE. PLANT HEIGHT AT

HARVEST, cm

AVE. BRANCH COUNT AT HAR VEST

AVE. NO. OF PODS

PER PLANT

AVE. YIELD, kg/ha.


LRAE6 = ART + Peanut 33.33 6.55 23.55 1,222.5

Table 6. Growth and Yield Components of Peanut in Lowland Rainfed Agroecosystem of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry season, 2014-2015.

AGROECOSYSTEM AVE. PLANT

HEIGHT AT HARVEST,

cm

AVE. BRANCH

COUNT AT HAR VEST

AVE. NO. OF TUBERS PER PLANT

AVE. YIELD,

tons/ha.


URAE2= ART + Cassava 180.33 4.33 14.66 9.42

Table 7. Growth and Yield Components of Cassava in an Upland Rainfed Agroecosystem of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry season, 2014-2015.

AGROECOSYSTEMON AVE. VINE LENGHT AT HARVEST,

cm

AVE. BRANCH

COUNT AT HAR VEST

AVE. NO. OF TUBERS PER

PLANT

AVE. YIELD, tons/ha.


URAE3 = ART + Sweetpotato

104.16 3.10 3.80 6.43

Table 8. Growth and Yield Components of Sweetpotato in an Upland Rainfed Agroecosystems of San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry season, 2014-2015.

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

EM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NR

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

PEPPE

RB

ITT

ER

GO

UR

DB

ITT

ER

GO

UR

DM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

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EA

NR

ICE

RIC

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PEA

NU

TPE

AN

UT

PEA

NU

TPE

PPER

PEPPE

RPE

PPER

CA

SSAV

AC

ASSA

VA

CA

SSAV

ASW

EE

TPO

TA

TO

SWE

ET

POT

AT

OSW

EE

TPO

TA

TO

MU

NG

BE

AN

MU

NG

BE

AN

MU

NG

BE

AN

-40,000.00

-20,000.00

0.00

20,000.00

40,000.00

60,000.00

80,000.00

100,000.00

120,000.00

140,000.00

Gross Income, pesosTotal Expenses, pesos

Tail-End of IS Lowland Rainfed Upland Rainfed

PEs0S

CROPS PLANTED

Figure 3. Gross Income, Total Expenses and Net Income from the 42 Experimental Farms in San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry-Season 2014-2015.

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

RIC

EM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NR

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

PEPPE

RB

ITT

ER

GO

UR

DB

ITT

ER

GO

UR

DM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NM

UN

GB

EA

NR

ICE

RIC

ER

ICE

PEA

NU

TPE

AN

UT

PEA

NU

TPE

PPER

PEPPE

RPE

PPER

CA

SSAV

AC

ASSA

VA

CA

SSAV

ASW

EE

TPO

TA

TO

SWE

ET

POT

AT

OSW

EE

TPO

TA

TO

MU

NG

BE

AN

MU

NG

BE

AN

MU

NG

BE

AN

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

0.3000Tail-End of IS Lowland Rainfed Upland Rainfed

CROPS PLANTED

kg/m3

Figure 4. Water Productivity expressed as Crop Yield in kg per cubic meter of Water Used for the 42 Experimental Farms, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry-Season, 2014-2015.

RIC

E

RIC

E

RIC

E

RIC

E

RIC

E

MU

NG

BE

AN

RIC

E

RIC

E

BIT

TE

R G

OU

RD

MU

NG

BE

AN

MU

NG

BE

AN

MU

NG

BE

AN

RIC

E

RIC

E

PEA

NU

T

PEPPE

R

PEPPE

R

CA

SSAV

A

SWE

ET

POT

AT

O

SWE

ET

POT

AT

O

MU

NG

BE

AN

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

CROPS PLANTED

Tail-End of IS Lowland Rainfed Upland Rainfed

PhP/m3

Figure 5. Water Productivity expressed as the Net Returns (PhP) per cubic meter of Water Used for the 42 Experimental Farms, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry Season, 2014-2015

AGROECOSYSTEM FARM NUMBER


F1 F2 F3

BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTERIAE1 = TP + FP HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUMIAE2 = ART + DWS- AWD LOW HIGH LOW LOW HIGH HIGH

IAE3- TP+DWS-AWD, PS HIGH LOW LOW HIGH LOW LOW

IAE4 –TP + mungbean LOW HIGH LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM


LRAE1 = TP+FP LOW HIGH HIGH LOW MEDIUM LOWLRAE2 = TP + Vegetables MEDIUM HIGH HIGH LOW MEDIUM LOW

LRAE3 = TP+ mungbean MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM HIGH

LRAE4= ART + mungbean LOW LOW LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW

LRAE5 = ART + DWS-AWD, PS

HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH

LRAE6 = ART + Peanut HIGH MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM HIGH HIGH

UPLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, URAEURAE1= ART + Vegetables HIGH MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM LOW LOW

URAE2= ART + Cassava LOW MEDIUM HIGH MEDIUM HIGH LOW

URAE3 = ART + Sweetpotato LOW MEDIUM LOW HIGH LOW LOW

URAE4 = ART + Mungbean LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM

Table 4. Soil Nutrient Analysis (Before and After Cropping Season, San Ildefonso, Bulacan, Dry Season, 2014-2015

NITROGEN



F1

F2 F3

BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTERIAE1 = TP + FP LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW MEDIUMIAE2 = ART + DWS- AWD LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW LOW MEDIUM

IAE3- TP+DWS-AWD, PS LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW HIGH

IAE4 –TP + mungbean LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUMLOWLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, LRAE

LRAE1 = TP+FP LOW MEDIUM LOW LOW LOW MEDIUMLRAE2 = TP + Vegetables LOW MEDIUM LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM

LRAE3 = TP+ mungbean LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM

LRAE4= ART + mungbean LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM

LRAE5 = ART + DWS-AWD, PS

LOW HIGH MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM

LRAE6 = ART + Peanut MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM MEDIUMUPLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, URAE

URAE1= ART + Vegetables LOW LOW LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM

URAE2= ART + Cassava LOW LOW LOW LOW HIGH MEDIUM

URAE3 = ART + Sweetpotato LOW LOW LOW MEDIUM LOW LOW

URAE4 = ART + Mungbean LOW LOW MEDIUM LOW MEDIUM LOW

PHOSPHOROUS

AGROECOSYSTEM FARM NUMBERIRRIGATED AGROECOSYSTEM, IAE

F1 F2 F3

BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTERIAE1 = TP + FP YELLOWISH

LAYERSUFFICIENT YELLOWISH LAYER SUFFICIENT YELLOWISH LAYER SUFFICIENT

IAE2 = ART + DWS- AWD YELLOWISH LAYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOWISH LAYER SUFFICIENT YELLOWISH LAYER SUFFICIENT

IAE3- TP+DWS-AWD, PS YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT

IAE4 –TP + mungbean YELLOWISH LAYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT YELLOWISH LAYER SUFFICIENT

LOWLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, LRAELRAE1 = TP+FP YELLOW

LAYERNO CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER

YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT

LRAE2 = TP + Vegetables YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT

LRAE3 = TP+ mungbean CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER


SUFFICIENT

LRAE4= ART + mungbean CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER



SUFFICIENT

LRAE5 = ART + DWS-AWD, PS CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER


SUFFICIENT DEFICIENT SUFFICIENT

LRAE6 = ART + Peanut CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOW LAYER SUFFICIENT CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT

UPLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, URAEURAE1= ART + Vegetables CLOUDY

YELLOW LAYER



SUFFICIENT

URAE2= ART + Cassava DEFICIENT SUFFICIENT DEFICIENT SUFFICIENT DEFICIENT SUFFICIENTURAE3 = ART + Sweetpotato CLOUDY

YELLOW LAYER



SUFFICIENT

URAE4 = ART + Mungbean CLOUDY YELLOW LAYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOWISH L;AYER

SUFFICIENT YELLOWISH LAYER SUFFICIENT

POTASSIUM


IRRIGATED AGROECOSYSTEM, IAE F1 F2 F3

BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTER BEFORE AFTERIAE1 = TP + FP 6.0 5.8 7.6 6.0 6.0 6.0IAE2 = ART + DWS- AWD 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

IAE3- TP+DWS-AWD, PS 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

IAE4 –TP + mungbean 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0LOWLAND RAINFED AGROECOSYSTEM, LRAE

LRAE1 = TP+FP 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0LRAE2 = TP + Vegetables 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

LRAE3 = TP+ mungbean 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

LRAE4= ART + mungbean 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

LRAE5 = ART + DWS-AWD, PS 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

LRAE6 = ART + Peanut 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0


URAE1= ART + Vegetables 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

URAE2= ART + Cassava 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

URAE3 = ART + Sweetpotato 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

URAE4 = ART + Mungbean 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

pH LEVEL

INITIAL CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONSWater Productivity & Profitability (Dry-season cropping)

Tail-End of Irrigation SystemRice

Lowland RainfedBitter Gourd

Upland RainfedPepper Cassava Sweetpotato

ACTIVITIES FOR WET-SEASON 2015TAIL-END OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM

AEROBIC RICE TECHNOLOGYTRANSPLANTED RICE

LOWLAND RAINFEDAEROBIC RICE TECHNOLOGYTRANSPLANTED RICE

UPLAND RAINFEDAEROBIC RICE TECH NOLGY

CROPPING SYSTEM =WET-SEASON + DRY SEASON DETERMINE – WATER PRODUCTIVITY & PROFITABILITY BEST-BET CROPPING SYSTEM

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