1

2

Water Purification Plant

Presented by:

MUBASHIR AYYUB UET-12ME-SCET-27TUFAIL JADOON UET-12ME-SCET-17

3

Introduction• Water • Water Purification Raw Material• Sources of Water Process Block Diagram• Water Purification Plant Block Diagram (14 steps) Parts of Process• 14 steps of the quality process Waters Purification

Outline

4

Water Water is a transparent fluid Liquid but also co-exists with solid stat, ice; and

gaseous state, steam (water vapors) Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface Density: 999.97 kg/m³ Boiling point: 212°F (100°C) Molar mass: 18.01528 g/mole Melting point: 32°F (0°C) Formula: H2O

Introduction

5

Water Taste and OrderPure H2O is tasteless and odorless.It can dissolve many different substances, giving it varying tastes and odors.

Effects On Life All known forms of life depend on water. Metabolism is the sum total of anabolism and catabolism In anabolism, water is removed from molecules (through energy requiring

enzymatic chemical reactions) in order to grow larger molecules (e.g. starches, triglycerides and proteins for storage of fuels and information).

In catabolism, water is used to break bonds in order to generate smaller molecules (e.g. glucose, fatty acids and amino acids to be used for fuels for energy use or other purposes). Without water, these particular metabolic processes could not exist.

Introduction

6

7

Water Purification Definition The process of removing undesirable

chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.

The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Human consumption (drinking water). medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications.

Introduction

8

Methodsa) physical processesb) biological processesc) chemical processesd) the use of electromagnetic radiation Physical Process

i) filtration,ii) sedimentation, andiii) distillation Biological Process

i) slow sand filters orii) biologically active carbon Chemical Process

i) flocculation andii) chlorination The use of Electromagnetic Radiations

Such as ultraviolet light.

Introduction

9

Water Supply Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial

organizations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.

Sources of Water Groundwater emerging from some deep ground water may have fallen as rain many tens, hundreds, or thousands of years

ago. Soil and rock layers naturally filter the ground water to a high degree

of clarity. Upland lakes and reservoirs the headwaters of river systems, upland reservoirs. Bacteria and pathogen levels are usually low, but some bacteria, protozoa or algae will be present. Where uplands are

forested or peaty, humic acids can color the water. Many upland sources have low pH which requires adjustment.

Raw Material

10

Sources of Water Rivers, canals and low land reservoirs Low land surface waters will have a significant bacterial load and

may also contain algae, suspended solids and a variety of dissolved constituents.

Atmospheric water generation It is a new technology that can provide high quality drinking

water by extracting water from the air by cooling the air and thus condensing water vapor.

Surface Water Freshwater bodies that are open to the atmosphere and are not

designated as groundwater are termed surface waters.

Raw Material

11

Water Purification Plant Block Diagram (14 steps)

Process Block Diagram

12

1. Source Receiving and Inception Water is carefully collected and received through stainless steel pipes from either a local well or municipal water supply. Quality testing of the original source is conducted regularly to monitor for abnormalities.

2. Activated Carbon Filtration removing chlorines and THMs (trihalomethanes) through a daily monitored activated carbon filtration process. It can also reduce the quantity of lead, dissolved radon, and harmless taste- and odor-causing compounds.

Activated Carbon Particle

Parts Of Process

13

3. Pretreatment A water softener is used to reduce water hardness. This is where hardness ions (calcium and magnesium) are exchanged for sodium

(salt) or potassium (salt) ions. This takes place within the resin tank of the water softener.

Parts Of Process

14

4. Demineralization ProcessIt removes unwanted minerals (through reverse osmosis or distillation). Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a

semipermeablemembrane to remove larger particles from drinking water. In reverse osmosis, an appliedpressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, that is driven bychemical potential, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis can remove many typesof molecules and ions from solutions, including bacteria, and is used in both industrialprocesses and the production of potable water.

Parts Of Process

15

16

5. Water Storage and Monitoring Water received in storage tanks is monitored on a daily basis.6. Remineralization Process Selected minerals are added to cater to consumer taste

preferences. (Desalination) Reverse Osmosis is not a selective ion removal process. After

the common 2-pass RO process for Boron Removal, desalinated water is poor in minerals.

Low mineralized water has adverse effects like High corrosion potential

The WHO recommends 10 mg/L of Magnesium and 30 mg/L of Calcium for drinking water.

Parts Of Process

17

18

7. Micron Filter Pharmaceutical grade micro-filtration removes particles as

small as 0.2 microns. It is also capable of removing potential microbiological contaminants. This is monitored on an hourly basis.

8. Ultraviolet Light Disinfection provides rapid, effective inactivation of microorganisms

through a physical process. When bacteria, viruses and protozoa are exposed to the

germicidal wavelengths of UV light, they are rendered incapable of reproducing and infecting.

It has demonstrated efficacy against pathogenic organisms, including those responsible for cholera, polio, typhoid, hepatitis and other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases.

Parts Of Process

19

Ultraviolet Light Disinfection UV light (either alone or in conjunction with hydrogen

peroxide) can destroy chemical contaminants such as pesticides, industrial solvents, and pharmaceuticals through a process called UV-oxidation.

Parts Of Process

20

9. Ozone Disinfection It is the third disinfection step (steps 7-9), using a highly reactive form of oxygen.

This is monitored on an hourly basis. Ozone has greater disinfection effectiveness against bacteria and viruses compared

to chlorination. The formation of oxygen into ozone occurs with the use of energy. This process is carried out by an electric discharge field , or by ultraviolet radiation

as in UV-type ozone generators (simulation of the ultraviolet rays from the sun). The raw water is then passed through a venturi throat which creates a vacuum and

pulls the ozone gas into the water or the air is then bubbled up through the water being treated.

Since the ozone will react with metals to create insoluble metal oxides, post filtration is required.

Parts Of Process

21

22

10. Bottling Control The filling room is highly sanitary to ensure bottling is

conducted in a microbiologically controlled environment. It is continuously monitored and controlled.

11. Packaging Control Packaging quality assurance is conducted by human

inspection and the latest in modern equipment designed to ensure the removal of any packaging defects.

12. Line sanitation Line sanitation includes automated cleaning equipment

to ensure maximum cleanliness, effectiveness and control.

Parts Of Process

23

13. Plant Quality Control Each plant is equipped with its own

laboratory and quality assurance staff to analyze and ensure that all aspects of the final product comply with company standards and specifications.

14. Corporate Quality Assurance Independent control testing is conducted at

external certified laboratories.

Parts Of Process

24

25