Water Quality Standard Non-Attainment

Class B Water Quality Criteria Benthic Macroinvertebrates (as compared to

other class B streams) 7ppm (75% saturation) Dissolved Oxygen indigenous species as naturally occur Elevated bacteria levels

Stressors Identified in the Birch Stream TMDL and Urban Streams Study

Toxics (Al, PAH’s, benzidine) Propylene glycol (BOD/COD)Habitat Alteration and High Flows (stream

destabilization and habitat impairment) Elevated Water temperature (hostile

ambient condition affecting biotic community)

Elevated nutrients (no water quality criteria in Maine but stimulates algal growth)

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data HistoryStation S-312

Water Quality Classification Attainment History for Birch Stream Station S-312

(1=Non-Attainment, 2=Class C, 3=Class D, 4=Class A)

0

1

2

3

4

5

9/10/97

8/20/99

8/17/01

8/27/03

8/24/04

8/8/05

9/19/05

8/9/06

8/13/07

Date

Atta

inm

ent C

lass

Class B Level - Water Quality Standard for Birch Stream

Class C Level

Non-Attainment level

Model VariableMiddle (S-312)

1997 1999 2001 2003 2004 2005 (8) 2005 (9) 2006 2007Total abundance of

individuals 125 218 441 1237 194 294 1029 407 310

Generic richness 23 38 50 28 31 33 42 36 32

Plecoptera/Ephemeroptera

abundance0 / 0.3 0 / 5.3 0 / 53 0 / 25 0 / 4 0 / 1.3 0 / 1 0 / 3 0 / 25

Shannon-Weiner diversity index 2.22 3.53 4.17 3.05 3.45 3.45 3.2 3.65 3.98

Hilsenhoff biotic index 4.79 6.15 5.86 4.88 5.77 6.12 4.7 5.47 5.75

Relative abundance Chironomidae 0.29 0.61 0.53 0.37 0.35 0.79 0.15 0.53 0.56

EPT generic richness 4 5 7 5 3 4 6 3 4

EP generic richness / 14 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.07 0.07

Presence of Class A indicator taxa /

70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Five dominant taxa (%)

Simulium (56)Cricotopus

(18)Erpobdella

(11)Thieneman-nimia (4)Eukiefferiella

(2)

Cricotopus (35)Conchapelopia

(14)Nephelopsis (9)

Simulium (8) Gyraulus (6)

Micopsectra (16)

Baetis (12)Rheotanytarsus

(10)Tanytarsus (9)Parataytarsus

(7)

Simulium (45)Tanytarsus

(14)Gyraulus (7)

Conchapelopia (6)

Rheotanytarsus (4)

Polypedilum (4)

Gyraulus (22)

Crocotopus (19)

Nephelopsis (17)

Simulium (9)Conchapelo

pia (8)

Micropsectra

(35)Cricotopus

(14)Polypedilum

(7)Nanocladius

(7)Rheotanytar

sus (7)

Gyraulus (30)

Nais (22)Gastropoda

(12)Cricotopus

(7)Hemerodro

mia (6)

Simulium (23)

Rheotanytarsus (18)

Nais (10)Cricotopus

(8)Nephelopsis

(6)

Conchapelopia (17)

Nephelopsis (14)

Gyraulus (10)Microspsectra

(10)Baetis (8)

Model outcome (%) NA (100) NA (80) Class C (100) Class C NA Class C NA NA Class C

EPT/Diptera Generic Richness Index for Birch Stream Station S-312 August 2003 through Agust 2007

8/27/0

3

8/24/0

48/8

/05 9/19

/05

8/9/06 8/1

3/07

y = -0.0217x + 0.3227R2 = 0.2026

0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0

8/27/2003

8/24/2004

8/8/2005

9/19/2005

8/9/2006

8/13/2007

Date

Inde

x valu

e

EPT Generic Richness Index for Birch Stream Station S-312 August 2003 through Agust 2007

9/10/9

7 8/20/9

98/1

7/01

8/27/0

3

8/24/0

4 8/8/05

9/19/0

5

8/9/06 8/

13/07

y = -0.15x + 5.3056R2 = 0.0949

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

9/10/1997

8/20/1999

8/17/2001

8/27/2003

8/24/2004

8/8/2005

9/19/2005

8/9/2006

8/13/2007

Date

Index

value

Companion Ambient Water Quality Data Taken During Benthic Monitoring for Birch Stream Station 312

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Aug-9

7

Feb-9

8

Aug-9

8

Feb-9

9

Aug-9

9

Feb-0

0

Aug-0

0

Feb-0

1

Aug-0

1

Feb-0

2

Aug-0

2

Feb-0

3

Aug-0

3

Feb-0

4

Aug-0

4

Feb-0

5

Aug-0

5

Feb-0

6

Aug-0

6

Feb-0

7

Aug-0

7

Feb-0

8

Aug-0

8

Month/Year

Valu

e m

g/l o

r deg

rees

cel

cius

DO Temp Theoretical Max DO

DEP DO Standard

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data HistoryStation S-682

Water Quality Standard Attainment History Birch Stream Station S-682

(1=Nonattainment, 2=Class C, 3=Class B, 4=Class A)

0

1

2

3

4

5

8/27/03 8/24/04 8/13/07

Date

Atta

inm

ent C

lass Class B Level

Class C Level

Non-Attainment Level

Model VariableUpstream (S-682)

2003 2004 2007

Total abundance of individuals 276 174 334

Generic richness 36 33 35

Plecoptera/Ephemeroptera abundance 0 / 33 0 / 23 0 / 3

Shannon-Weiner diversity index 3.45 3.79 3.43

Hilsenhoff biotic index 5.51 5.07 5.78

Relative abundance Chironomidae 0.73 0.32 0.78

EPT generic richness 7 6 2

EP generic richness / 14 0.14 0.14 0.07

Presence of Class A indicator taxa / 7 0 0 0

Five dominant taxa (%)

Tanytarsus (35)Baetis (12)

Rheotanytarsus (10)Conchapelopia (7)

Polypedilum (6)

Hydropsyche (18)Simulium (14)

Baetis (13)Cricotopus (9)Tanytarsus (9)

Tanytarsus (43)Rheotanytarsus (8)

Nanocladius (7)Conchapelopia (6)

Nephelopsis (4)

Model outcome (%) Class C Class C NA

EPT/Diptera Generic Richness Index for Birch Stream Station S-682

8/27/03

8/24/04

8/13/07

y = -0.0059x + 7.7451R2 = 0.9986

0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00

8/1/2003

11/1/2003

2/1/2004

5/1/2004

8/1/2004

11/1/2004

2/1/2005

5/1/2005

8/1/2005

11/1/2005

2/1/2006

5/1/2006

8/1/2006

11/1/2006

2/1/2007

5/1/2007

8/1/2007

Date

Index

Valu

e

EPT Generic Richness Index for Birch Stream Station S-682

8/27/03

8/24/04

8/13/07

y = -0.1058x + 138.59R2 = 0.9973

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.0

8/1/2003

11/1/2003

2/1/2004

5/1/2004

8/1/2004

11/1/2004

2/1/2005

5/1/2005

8/1/2005

11/1/2005

2/1/2006

5/1/2006

8/1/2006

11/1/2006

2/1/2007

5/1/2007

8/1/2007

Date

Index

Valu

e

DEP Diurnal Oxygen Study 2003/2004

Designed to measure dissolved oxygen levels over a 24 hour period (production/respiration)

Began in June 2003, last data taken March 2004 Only 3 diurnal events recorded, June 2003

diurnal failed due to instrument fouling July data shows significant DO depression and

flat DO, but battery failure in the sonde and lack of expected diurnal fluctuation makes this data unusual

More natural diurnal patterns in August 2003 and March 2004

Dissolved Oxygen for Birch Stream DEP Diurnal Study August 13-14, 2003

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14:5

0

18:1

0

21:3

0

0:50

4:10

7:30

10:5

0

14:1

0

17:3

0

20:5

0

0:10

3:30

6:50

10:1

0

13:3

0

16:5

0

20:1

0

23:3

0

2:50

6:10

9:30

12:5

0

16:1

0

19:3

0

22:5

0

2:10

5:30

8:50

12:1

0

15:3

0

18:5

0

22:1

0

1:30

4:50

8:10

11:3

0

14:5

0

Time

mg/

l

Theoretical maximum D.O. concentration at 22 degrees celcius and 192 feet of altitude is 8.63 mg/l

Dissolve Oxygen Saturation in Percent and Temperature in Degrees Celcius for Birch Stream Diurnal Study of 8/13-8/14/2003

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

14:5

0

18:2

0

21:5

0

1:20

4:50

8:20

11:5

0

15:2

0

18:5

0

22:2

0

1:50

5:20

8:50

12:2

0

15:5

0

19:2

0

22:5

0

2:20

5:50

9:20

12:5

0

16:2

0

19:5

0

23:2

0

2:50

6:20

9:50

13:2

0

16:5

0

20:2

0

23:5

0

3:20

6:50

10:2

0

13:5

0

Time

Valu

e C% Sat

76% Saturation DEP WQ Criteria

Birch Stream Conductivity at Station 312 During August 2003 Diurnal Study

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

14:5

0

17:5

0

20:5

0

23:5

0

2:50

5:50

8:50

11:5

0

14:5

0

17:5

0

20:5

0

23:5

0

2:50

5:50

8:50

11:5

0

14:5

0

17:5

0

20:5

0

23:5

0

2:50

5:50

8:50

11:5

0

14:5

0

17:5

0

20:5

0

23:5

0

2:50

5:50

8:50

11:5

0

14:5

0

17:5

0

20:5

0

23:5

0

2:50

5:50

8:50

11:5

0

14:5

0

time

uS/c

m

Factors Affecting Dissolved Oxygen

BOD and COD exerted by propylene glycol, DRO, GRO and other organic compounds entering Birch Stream

Temperature elevation from first flush runoff and lack of stream cover

Excess nutrients and resultant algal growth

Potential sources for BOD and COD are runoff from paved surfaces, lawn fertilizers, pet wastes, wildlife wastes, and other organic waste.

Pollutants with Potential Toxic Effects to Macroinvertebrates

Diesel Range Organics (DRO)Gasoline Range Organics (GRO) Poly-Cyclic Hydrocarbons (PAH), the toxic

effect is highly variable with concentration, pH, water temperature, salinity, tss and other water quality factors playing a complex role.

These originate from runoff in parking areas, roads, driveways, and runways. PAH’s are a component of asphalt and a byproduct of combustion of fossil fuel.

Water Quality Standard Non-AttainmentStressors Identified in the Birch Stream TMDL and Urban Streams StudyBenthic Macroinvertebrate Data History�Station S-312Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data History�Station S-682Slide Number 8Slide Number 9DEP Diurnal Oxygen Study 2003/2004Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Factors Affecting Dissolved OxygenPollutants with Potential Toxic Effects to Macroinvertebrates