1. Prachin Bharatiya Jala ShastraEdited & Compiled By Dr.A.S.Nene20 July 2010

2. Table of ContentsSNTitle Pages1Introduction1-62Ancient Indian References 7-133Properties of water14-154Jala Shashtra 4.1 Storage of water16-29 4.2 Supply or Distribution 4.3 Drainage of water5Water divining 30-386Pollution of water 39-417Hydraulic Machines 42-448Forecast of Rainfall & Measurement 45-519References 52-57 Appendix 1- Libraries and Book Sellersi-ii Appendix 2- Maps of Indiaiii-vii Appendix 3- 100 Sanskrit names viii-ix Appendix 4- Tank completion report x-xii 3. Read this book to know that;King Bhagirath was the first irrigation engineer,who developed a network of rivers and canals innorth India.Sage Kashypa reclaimed the water-logged land ofKashmir by dewatering and hence the land is knownas "Kashypa Mir" or Kashmir.Varahmihir was the first hydrologist to develop ascience (Dakargal) to predict underground aquifers,based on surface indicators, such as trees, plants,creepers, grass, terrariums, hibernating animalsetc.Ancient text "Kadambini" describes forecasting ofrains based on certain natural symptoms. (Insects,birds, animals, flora of trees etc.) 4. Varahmihir developed method to predict rainfall, based on astronomy.Sage Vashishtha and Sage Bhrugu were thefirst divine engineers to describe properties offlowing and steady water.Vedic hymns praise the deity of water.Water mills were first developed in India andlater the technique was used by Persians(Persian well)Kautilya gave guideline for construction ofdams, canal, wells, pollution prevention etc.An ancient text "Nighantu" mentions onehundred meaningful names of water. 5. 2. Ancient Indian Literature 2.1 Vedic Period 3000 - 5000 BCSources of water 6. 2.2 Post Vedic Period Rishi Narad asks YudhishitiraAre the dams full of water and big enough and wellDistributed in different parts of the kingdom, and whetheragriculture depends only on rain water?" Naradniti 7. Ponds & TanksArch BridgesWater FortsRiver FortsChapters of Narad Shilpashashtra 8. 3. PROPERTIES OF WATER 3.1 Twelve properties of Flowing WaterWeight of a body suspended in water isEquivalent to weight of water of volume sameAs submerged portion. (Archimedes Principle). 9. 3.2 Static WaterThe water pressure is equivalent to its weight. The banks should be sloping to reduce the damage due to waves. 10. 4. JALASHSHASTRA TECHNIQUESThe three Vidya or Techniques of this Shastra are;Storage of water StambhanWater Supply/ Distribution SanchetanDrainage / Dewatering - Samharan 11. Ten types of tanks 12. 5. WATER DIVINING IN ANCIENT INDIA Varahmihir (505 C.E- 587 C.E),The indicators for aquifers areSpecific trees, plants,herbs and grassesHibernating animals (Enjoying winter sleep- frogs, lizards, snakes, alligators and tortoises)Anthills (Terrariums) 13. 84 Botanical names of trees mentioned inBrihat Samhita Chapter 54B01 Calamas rotang Rattan (Cane)B84 Dalbergia latifolia Sissoo tree 14. 6. POLLUTION OF WATER Maintenance of water bodies Treatment of Well water 15. 7. HYDRAULIC MACHINES 16. 8 METHODS OF FORECASTING RAINNormal rainy seasonQuantity of rainfall in different regions 17. 18 Ancient References67 Modern referencesAppendix 1 -List of Libraries Sources in IndiaAppendix 2- Glossary of Terms and AncientMeasures of LiquidsAppendix 3 -100 Sanskrit Names of waterAppendix 4- 18th Century report on Rajasagar tank 18. ContactFor any suggestionsDr.A.S.NeneM4 Laxmi Nagar,Nagpur (India) 440022Email: nene_ashok@yahoo.com