water - source of life!!! - osluk.de · •water is referred to as the universal solvent...

Water - source of Life!!!

© Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Oberschule 2010

What is Water?

H2O

It is a tasteless and odourless, transparently clear and

colourless liquid.

It is made up of two of the most common elements of

nature: hydrogen ( 2 parts) and oxygen ( 1 part)

Water is irreplaceable as a natural substance and

primary source of all life on earth.


• water is referred to as the

universal solvent

• substances that dissolve in

water are e.g. salts, sugar,

acids, alkalis, and some gases

(oxygen, carbon dioxide)

• fats and oils do not mix well

with water

Water as a solvent


http://mac.samd.ch

is a continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere,

between atmosphere, soil

water, surface water,

groundwater and plants

consisting of the following

transfer processes:

Evaporation from oceans and

other water bodies into the air.

Transpiration from land plants

and animals into the air.

Precipitation from water vapour

condensing from the air and falling to earth or ocean.

Runoff from the land usually reaching the sea.

The water cycle


• 2/3 of the globe is covered with water

• 2/3 of all cells contain water

• Water is the only substance in the world to be found naturally in all 3 states:

• solid ice

• liquid water

• gas water vapour

• Water freezes at 0oC and boils at 100oC


Water on Earth

• oceans hold 97% of surface water

• glaciers and polar ice caps 2,4%

• rivers, lakes, ponds 0,6%

• below ground in aquifers 1,6%

• clouds/vapour in the air 0,001%

• But only 2.4% of all the water resources are freshwater (glaciers/ice polar caps) http://www.srpnet.com


• From these 2.4% only 10% can be used as drinking water.

• The global water resources are estimated at 1.386 billion cubic kilometres

• The complete amount of fresh water is estimated at 36.02 million cubic kilometres

Water on Earth

Ocean Glaciers and Polar ice Rivers, Lakes, Ponds

Below ground in aquifers Clouds/vapour in the air freshw ater


• rain

• snow

• hail with contribution from fog and

dew

• Condensed water in the air may

also refract sunlight to produce

rainbows

Water over land has

several forms:

http://www.winkler-w-werner.de

http://www.wetter-graechen.ch

http://www.schulbilder.org

http://sfk-online.com


Marine Life During Winter

The solid form of water (ice) is actually

less dense than the liquid form.

This is very unusual!!!!!

Water has its highest density at 4oC.

That means that at the bottom of a body

of water the water will usually be at least 4oC.

This is why aquatic organisms are able to live, even in

the winter.


Water in organisms

• Organisms usually contain 60% to 90% water.human beings 55% -78%(depending on body size)

• lowest : plant seed 20%

• highest: jellyfish 99%

• green leaves: 80% – 90%

• Water helps all organisms with metabolism, and specifically helps plants with photosynthesis and support.


Did you know?

How much water food contains?

spinach 98% eggs

86%

carrots 89%

apples 84%

potatoes

75% pork 58%

flour 8%

butter 20%


http://bioweber.ch/images/produkte/spinat.JPG

http://datingjesus.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/eggs2.jpg

http://www.55plus-magazin.net/uploads/medium/karotten.jpg

http://slowfooduw.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/apples.jpg

http://www.lifepr.de/attachment/9294/pm48_Kartoffeln-i.jpg

http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/files/2009/07/pork061218_560.jpg

http://tennesseeguy.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/whitelilyflour.jpg

http://beetricks.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/butter.jpg

Water in our human body

People can live 14 days or longer without food, but only

some days without water.

Water cannot be replaced by anything else.

A grown up person contains about 42 l of water.

Water cannot be stored.

That is why we have to take in 2,5 to 3 l of water a day.

You die if your body loses 12% to 20% of water.

Water is indispensable for the existence of all living

beings, animal or vegetable.


http://www.wasserwirklichkeit.de/garbage/67/670850/6788456.jpg

Water is excreted from the body in multiple

forms:

• through urine and faeces

• through sweating

• by exhalation of water vapour in the breath

Humans require water that does not contain too many impurities.

http://www.russland.de

The single largest freshwater resource suitable for drinking is Lake Baikal in

Siberia which has a very low salt and calcium content and is therefore very clean.


During fertilization the male sex cell, the

sperm, must get to the female sex cell, the

ovum, in order to make the zygote

which makes a new individual

In organisms adapted for internal fertilization,

the sperm is transported in semen which contains mostly water

In organisms using external fertilization the sperm

can be transmitted through

in the water habitat.

Water in Sexual Reproduction


Water-Topic of the new millenium

In all religions and cultures water was considered

holy and the source of life.

Paracelsus praised the precious liquid as a remedy.

But unfortunately we no longer take good care of our

water.

Its waste and pollution has reached an alarming

extent.


Respect it, preserve it, it´s a question of survival!!!

What can we do not to waste

water and to keep it clean?• Don´t let it run without being used

• Use water savers on taps and sanitary

installations

• Repair all leaks

• Comply with restrictions on watering

gardens or washing cars

• Keep debris out of gutters and drains

• Use only small amounts of lawn and garden chemicals

• Have septic tank checked every 3 to 5 years

• Keep soil erosion on your property low by planting grass


Water is a common asset of all the inhabitants of the earth.

But there´s an unequal distribution.

Hundreds of millions of people have to walk for hours to get

water.

More than 2 billion people do not have

direct access to clean water.

To survive we do not have the right to pollute or waste water.

Water sources have to be used in a reasonable manner to be

shared between billions of human beings, not forgetting future

generations.

Who does water belong to?


Climate Change – Water Crisis

• glaciers in the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada could disappear

• California will face a shortfall by 2020 nearly as great as the amount of water consumed today

• Temperatures rise and the Himalayan glaciers – the sources of Asia`s biggest rivers ( Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra Yangtze, Mekong ) could disappear by 2035.


www.hicker.de

Climate Change – Water Crisis

• Experts warn for a long term ecological damage for the area of the Murray and Darling River. (Australia)

• Water deficits will not harm only smaller countries (Egypt, Algeria, Iran, Mexico , Pakistan) but also larger ones( China, India).

• India, China, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar could experience floods followed by droughts in coming decades.

www.dpi.nsw.gov.au


USA 2200 m³ Australia 1300 m³ Germany 650 m³

India 600 m³ Algeria 150 m³ Ghana 50 m³

Uganda 30 m³

Average water consumption per

person/ year in some countries


• inadequate access to safe drinking water for about

884 million people

• groundwater overuse leading to diminished agricultural

yields

• overuse and pollution of water resources harming

biodiversity

• regional conflicts over scarce water

resources sometimes resulting in warfare

Principle manifestations of

the water crisis

The WHO ( World Health Organisation)

estimates that 1.5 billion people in

developing countries have no access to

safe water and sanitation.


• Contaminated water causes high mortality

rates from cholera, typhoid, diarrhea,

stomach worms and giardiasis.

• More than 4 million children die every year

from preventable diseases like diarrhea.

Unsafe drinking water is the world´s no 1 killer.

It´s responsible for 80% of all sickness in the world.

Access to clean water and efficient

sanitation is a basic human right!!!!!


“Water insufficiency is often due to

mismanagement, corruption,

lack of appropriate institutions,

bureaucracy inertia and a shortage

of investment in both human

capacity and physical infrastructure.“

But it also says,

“There is enough water for

everyone“!!!

A 2006 United Nations

report says:


Did you know ?


Did you know,

that every 8 seconds a

child dies by drinking

contaminated water ?


Did you know,

if the entire ice on land melts,

sea level will rise by 70m.

http://tiss.zdv.uni-tuebingen.de


Did you know,

ostriches stick their heads in

the sand to search for water.

http://www.handelszeitung.ch/


Did you know,

the brain consists of

about 75% water.


Did you know,

in our life there are about 65.000

litres of H2O, which we absorb.

http://www.landratsamt-roth.de


Quiz


How much of the earth is covered with

water?

A 2/3 B 1/2

C 1/4 D 1/5

A 2/3


What is the boiling point of water?

A 200° B 150°

C 85° D 100°D 100°


What is the freezing point of water?

A -10° B -100°

C 5° D 0°D 0°


How much water is there on earth?

A 1 360 000 000 km³ B 2 540 000 000 km³

C 3 441 000 000 km³ D 5 556 890 000 km³

A 1 360 000 000 km³


What do we use most of the water for

worldwide?

A agriculture B household

C industry D other

A agriculture


What is the chemical formula of water?

B H2OA CO

2

C CH2

D HCl

B H2O


How long can people survive without water ?

A 3 or 4 days B 10 days

C 7 days D 14 days

A 3 or 4 days


How much salt water covers the earth?

A 71% B 4%

C 50% D 32%

A 71%


How else do we call the earth because of

its high water content?

A Water Earth B Blue Planet

C Water Planet D Blue Earth

B Blue Planet


Designed by


the Information Technology class 10

water - source of life!!! - osluk.de · •water is referred to as the universal solvent...

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