water treatment technology (tas 3010) lecture notes 2 - environmental microbiology
DESCRIPTION
WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (TAS 3010) LECTURE NOTESUNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TERENGGANU 2009Disclaimer: I don't own this file. If you believe you do, and you don't want it to be published here, please let me know. I will remove it immediatelyTRANSCRIPT
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
© SHAHRUL ISMAIL, DESc.University College of Science and Technology Malaysia
CHAPTER 3:Environmental Microbiology
CHAPTER 2 : CHAPTER 2 : CHAPTER 2 : CHAPTER 2 :
TAS 3101 : WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY
Environmental Environmental
Microbiology Microbiology
Environmental Environmental
Microbiology Microbiology
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Menu
1) Definition
2) Microbial Interests
3) Microbiological Contaminants
4) Microorganism in environmental
engineering
5) Bacterial Growth and Phases
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Introduction
““The study of The study of microbes associated with
Water, drinking water, and Water, drinking water, and
wastewater (and other organic and wastewater (and other organic and
inorganic wastes) as well as inorganic wastes) as well as
Pollutant Degradation” Pollutant Degradation”
Environmental Microbiology Environmental Microbiology
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Introduction
““Tiny creatures that individually are single cell Tiny creatures that individually are single cell
organism, too small to be seen with the organism, too small to be seen with the
unaided eyeunaided eye””
What is microbes?? What is microbes??
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
The Interfaces…..
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Microbial Interests
• Microbial roles of interest:
– disease production
– degradation of materials
– production of harmful
substances and/or
conditions
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Pathogens in Drinking Water
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Pathogens in Surface Water
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Pathogens in Surface Water
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Pathogens in Surface Water
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Introduction
- Microorganisms that play animportant rule in environmentalengineering :
• Bacteria• Viruses• Fungi • Algae• Protozoa
- The important of theseorganisms:
- Causes diseases towards humans- Decomposition of organic and inorganic
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
• Small organisms - size between 0.5 – 5.0 m
• Present individually - pairs or in chain
• Different kind of shape : rod (bacillus), spiral and sphere
• Double themselves within 15 – 30 minute in suitable condition
Bacteria
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Classification of bacteria
According to the utilization of dissolved
oxygen :
• Aerobic : Use DO during decomposition of organic compound
• Anaerobic : Using O2 in the form of different compound
• Facultative: Able to survive in both of the above condition
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Disease caused by bacteria
• Typhoid fever : Caused??
• Cholera : Caused ??
• Jaundice fever : Caused??
Salmonelly typhi
Vibrio cholerae
Leptospira
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Viruses
• Smallest microorganism – size range from 0.01 – 0.3 m
• Required host for survival• Cause diseases such as
hepatitis, flu, jaundice, polio and aids
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Fungi • Plants that unable to do
photosynthesis such as moulds and yeast
• Yeast – used for fermentation – making bread, cake and alcohol
• Moulds – filament– live in acidic condition – reduce the efficiency of
secondary sedimentation tank
– cause unpleasant smell and taste
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Algae
• Plant that generate energy by photosynthesis
• Increase the DO level in the water. When??
• What if too much algae??
Present of sun light-Ph
- Taste and smel l- Light penetration- Die off – disintegrate and caused anaerobic condi tion
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Protozoa
• Unicell organism – size 10 – 100 m• Use bacteria and algae as source of food
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
• Could cause disease related to stomach and gastro intestine– e.g.: cryptosporidium : cryptosporidiosis (diarrhea)
• giardis lamblia : giardiasis (diarrhea)
Protozoa
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Bacterial Growth
• Generally they reproduce binary fission (i.e. by dividing, the original cell becomes two new organisms)
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Phases of Bacteria
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Lag Phase :
• The time required for the organism to acclimate to their new environment and begins to divide.
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Log / exponential growth phase :
• The presence of access substrate promotes the maximum rate of growth possible, limited only by the ability of the bacteria to reproduce.
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Stationary Phase :
• Population remains stationary. Reasons for this phenomenon: – Cell have exhausted the substrate all nutrients necessary for
growth. – Growth of the new cells is offset by the death of whole cells.
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Death endogenous phase:
• Depletion of nutrient/food and toxic by-products of cell metabolism inhibit further growth.
• Bacteria death rate exceeds the production of new cell.
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMTIzan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
“Acquire nutrients, produce energy, biosynthesize, grow,
reproduce, respond to environment, interact,
develop, differentiate, evolve, die”
Microbial Perspectives