water usage water contamination
DESCRIPTION
Water Usage Water Contamination. Office of Wastewater Management, U.S. EPA. 2000. Progress in water quality: An evaluation of the national investment in municipal wastewater treatment. EPA-832-R-00-008. Pollution can enter ground or surface water in liquid form. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Water Usage
Water Contamination
Office of Wastewater Management, U.S. EPA. 2000. Progress in water quality: An evaluation of the national investment in municipal wastewater treatment. EPA-832-R-00-008.
http://www.metrokc.gov/kcdot/roads/maintenance/illegaldumping/index.cfm
http://www.answers.com/topic/water-pollution http://www.gotalgae.com/temperature_solutions.htm
Pollution can enter ground or surface water in liquid form.
http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/North_America/Canada/photo117650.htm
Air pollution is one of the most important sources of groundwater pollution.
What goes up must come down somewhere.
http://www.scdhec.gov/environment/water/fish/map.htm
Mercury in Surface Water
Mercury from coal-burning plant smokestacks can become concentrated in fish living in streams.
South Carolina releases advisories for species of fish in different streams with guidelines about how many can be “safely” consumed.
http://www.groundwater.org/
Air pollution (polluted rain)
Garbage/waste dumps
Septic fields
Leaky tanks
Surface pollutants
Air pollution (polluted rain)
Garbage/waste dumps
Septic fields
Leaky tanks
Surface pollutants
Pollution from Residential Septic Fields
http://www.waterwisetexas.org/understanding_our_water_supply.htm
Black Water – wastewater from kitchen sink and toilet. High in nutrients, solids, and pathogens, demands more complex treatment regimen = more $$$
Grey Water – wastewater from bathtubs, washing machines, bathroom sinks, and other sinks not used for hazardous or toxic ingredients or food preparation.
Pollution in groundwater is worse than pollution in surface water because it:
Has a longer residence time
Is harder to clean up
Is harder to trace to source
Point Source Pollution
Most contamination from a single polluter.
Relatively easy to assign blame
Relatively easy to stop
Point Source Pollution
Most contamination from a single polluter.
Relatively easy to assign blame
Relatively easy to stop
Non-Point Source Pollution
Contamination from many sources
Difficult to assign blame
Difficult to stop
Non-Point Source Pollution
Contamination from many sources
Difficult to assign blame
Difficult to stop
http://www.wrc.wa.gov.au/public/waterfacts/10_groundwater_pollution/pollution.html
The contaminant goes with the flow – wherever the water goes, the pollution follows.
Point Source Pollution
Real World Pollution Plume
Point SourceMigration of pollution from a single area.
York County172 total investigations
Petroleum product: 86%
Heavy metal contamination: 8%
Volatile organic compounds: 5%
Petroleum product: 86%
Heavy metal contamination: 8%
Volatile organic compounds: 5%
Under remediation: 39%
Under investigation: 27%
Owner contacted: 12%
Inactive: 10%
Awaiting funding: 5%
Other: 6%
Under remediation: 39%
Under investigation: 27%
Owner contacted: 12%
Inactive: 10%
Awaiting funding: 5%
Other: 6%
If the leak is caught early and flow within the contaminated aquifer has been well studied, it may be possible to force the pollution out with a combination of pressure (to concentrate the contaminant) and pumping.
If the flow of that aquifer at that spot is not well understood, it is possible to make the situation worse.
Pumping out the contaminant is not a viable option for most groundwater pollution.
Point Source Pollution
Helperin, A.N., D.S. Beckman, and D. Inwood 2001. California’s contaminated groundwater: is the state minding the store? National Resource Defense Council, Los Angeles.
California
Nitrates and Nitrites
Primarily associated with agriculture (fertilizer and animal waste).
This is non-point source pollution.
Nitrates and Nitrites
Primarily associated with agriculture (fertilizer and animal waste).
This is non-point source pollution.
http://www.nelsonwater.com/
Contaminants in Drinking WaterContaminants in Drinking Water
Common Organic Chemical Contaminants
http://www.nelsonwater.com/watrinfo/origin.htm
BenzeneCarbon tetra-chlorideTrihalomethanesToxapheneTetracholroethyleneVinyl Chloride
EndrinLindane
Methoxychlor
cancercancercancercancercancercancer
liver, kidney, heart damageliver, kidney, nervous, immune, and circulatory damagegrowth, liver, kidney, nerve effects
fuel, drugs, paint, pesticidescleaning solventschlorine treated waterinsecticidesdry cleaning wastes, solventsPVC pipe, solvent breakdown
pesticidesinsecticides
insecticides
Chemical Health Effect Source
Organic contaminants - chemicals with organic chemical structures. Pollutants include primarily synthetic compounds, including plastics.Organic contaminants - chemicals with organic chemical structures. Pollutants include primarily synthetic compounds, including plastics.
http://www.nelsonwater.com/watrinfo/origin.htm
ArsenicCadmiumLead
Mercury
NitrateSeleniumRadon
AsbestosBariumFluoride
skin and nervous system toxicitykidney problemskidney and nervous system damagekidney and nervous system disordersBlue Baby Syndromeliver damagecancer
cancercirculatory system irregularitiesskeletal and dental damage
pesticides, industrial waste, smeltingepoxy sealants, coal, pigmentslead pipes and solder
crop runoff, batteries
fertilizer, sewage, animal wastesmelting, coal/oil combustionradioactive decay
asbestos cement in water systemsbed rock and soilsflourinated water, fertilizer, aluminum
Chemical Health Effect Source
Common Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
Inorganic contaminants - primarily metals, some other dissolved ions, and radioactive chemicals. Does not include organic chemicals
Inorganic contaminants - primarily metals, some other dissolved ions, and radioactive chemicals. Does not include organic chemicals
http://www.nelsonwater.com/watrinfo/origin.htm
Gastroenteric infection, dysentery, typhoid fever, and cholera
Gastroenteric disease
Legionnaire's disease
fecal coliformother bacteria
Giardia lambia
Legionella
human and animal fecal matter
human and animal fecal matter
natural waters, some water heaters
Common Microbiological Contaminants
Bug Health Effects Source
Microbiological contaminants - disease-causing micro-organisms (i.e., germs)
Microbiological contaminants - disease-causing micro-organisms (i.e., germs)
http://giardiaclub.com/giardia.html
Giardia
http://www.oberlin.edu/ajlc/edu_4.html
fecal coliform bacteria
http
://w
ww
.rep
ower
.ch/
INim
g/N
ewsl
ette
r/le
gion
ella
.jpg
Legionella
Drinking Water PurificationDrinking Water Purification
http://www.thewatersource.com
BIGtiny