watergate -today€¦ · nixon was the first president to go to what country and what was the...
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Watergate -TodayUnit 15
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Nixon was the first president to go to what country and what was the result of the meeting?
● China○ Established a trade agreement that cut off the
military supply line to Vietnam● Sent approval rating up to 68%
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What was the results of the 1972 election?
● Republican: Nixon● Democrat: George
McGovern
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Describe the Watergate scandal
● Break in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters
● Investigation lasted over a year○ Nixon himself either ordered the break in or
attempted to cover it up.● Resigned before he could be impeached● https://www.history.com/topics/1970s/watergate
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Who became President after Nixon?
● Gerald Ford○ Became
Vice-President after Nixon’s original VP was forced to resign over a different scandal.
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What is a pardon?
● The action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense.
● Ford issues a pardon to Nixon○ Ended investigation○ Seemed like Ford was just continuing the cover up
and the corrupt government.
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What was the push in the 1976 election and what was the outcome?
● Elect a true outsider to politics● Democratic: Jimmy Carter
○ Won the election○ Never held an office in Washington○ Sunday school teacher
● Republican: Gerald Ford
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Describe the Camp David Accords
● 1977● Egyptian President: Anwar Sadat● Israeli Prime Minister: Menachem Begin● Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty between the two
countrieshttps://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/camp-david-accords
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What is amnesty?
● An official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses.
● Carter granted to draft dodgers during Vietnam○ Seen as a slap in the face to those who fought in the
war
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Describe the oil problem under Carter
● OPEC: the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries○ Limited amount of oil they would sell to the US○ Gas prices skyrocket
■ Prices of everything else rise○ US had to ration gas
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What major trade zone did Carter give back?
● Panama Canal○ Owned from 1903-1977
● Seen as another sign of weakness
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Describe the Iran controversy
● January 1979● Shah of Iran came to US to get Cancer treatment
○ Religious revolution takes place○ Government taken over by Muslim leader Ayatollah Khomeini
● Demands for Shah to be returned so he can be put on trial● US refuses, US embassy invaded
○ 44 hostages, held for 444 days
https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/iran-hostage-crisis
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What was the SALT II treaty?
● Between US and Soviets intended to restrain the arms race in strategic ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons.
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How did the US respond to the Soviet Union invading Afghanistan?
● Refusal for the SALT II treaty● Boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pyN5LPHEQ_0&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=43
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Who won the election of 1980?
● Democrat: Jimmy Carter○ Incumbent
● Republican: Ronald Reagan○ Former actor○ Two-term governor of California○ Conservatives: small government that left people alone○ Liberals: people unable to take care of themselves needed
government help to keep things fair and people taken care of.
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Describe Reaganomics
● Designed to give people more money that they can then spend○ People spend more, companies hire more workers, unemployment
rate falls○ More people are working, more people paying taxes, so the
government could lower individual taxes● After the unemployment rate rising it did end up falling from 1982 - mid
1990’s● Push for deregulation of companies so they could more easily produce
more goods at a cheaper cost.
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Where did Reagan increase spending?
● The military○ Nuclear missiles○ Airplanes○ Ships○ Other weapons
● This heightened Cold War tensions
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What is Star Wars?
● Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)● System of satellites that could shoot any soviet missile out of the
sky○ No one know if we could actually make these satellites but the
soviets knew they couldn’t
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Who was the leader of the Soviet Union at the time?
● Mikhail Gorbachev○ Took office in 1985
■ 3 old leaders die in office in 4 years○ First to not live through the revolution ○ Believed in an open government that did not force its people or
satellite countries to obey■ People allowed to protest
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How did the Cold War end?
● Berlin Wall falls in 1989● Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia overthrow
communist leaders○ Warsaw Pact dissolved
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What was the Iran-Contra affair?
● Reagan (US) secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for getting US prisoners released
● US took money from the weapons and gave it to anti-communist group in Nicaragua (Contra)
● Senate hearing but Reagan avoids most charges
https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/iran-contra-affair
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Describe the events of the Challenger
● January 1986● Shuttle trips had become the norm so NASA created a contest
○ Christa McAuliffe (teacher) won○ Everyone including school children are watching the shuttle
● Major malfunction and the rocket blew up 73 seconds after take off ○ Seals on the major fuel filled rocket failed due to the extremely cold temp
(below freezing in some places)● Space program shut down for 32 months
https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/challenger-disaster
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2h4DkpFP_aw&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=44
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Who won the election of 1988?
● Republican: George H.W. Bush○ Incumbent VP○ 1988-1993○ President during the end of the Cold War
● Democrat: Michael Dukakis○ Governor of Mass.
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Describe Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm
● Iraq invades Kuwait○ Saddam Hussein leader○ For oil reserves○ Saudi Arabia feels threatened so they ask US for support
● Operation Desert Shield○ 28 countries take part○ Saudi Arabia defeated
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Describe Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm Continued
● Operation Desert Storm○ Iraqis driven out of Kuwait ○ 5 weeks of bombing, 5 days of ground attacks
● Terms○ No weapons of mass destruction○ No flying airplanes in some areas of our country○ Saddam Hussein remained in power○ US kept some forces in Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern
Countries
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Describe George HW involvement in Africa
● Sent troops to Somalia○ Stop Civil War
● Economic sanctions against South Africa○ End Apartheid○ Release Nelson Mandela from Prison
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What caused H.W’s approval rating to fall?
● 91% approval rating○ HIghest of any President in History
● Economy started to slow○ Went back on promise that he wouldn’t increase taxes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-K19rVDxoM&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=45
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Who won the election of 1992?
● Republican: George H.W. Bush○ Incumbent
● Democrat: Bill Clinton○ Governor of Arkansa○ 1st Democrat since 1976
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What was the Family Medical Leave Act?
● Guaranteeing mothers 12 week of unpaid leave after the birth of a child○ Maternity leave
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Describe the Brady Law
● Required a background check for anyone buying a handgun○ The Act was named after James Brady, who was shot and
wounded by John Hinckley Jr. during an attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981.
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What is NAFTA?
● North American Free Trade Agreement○ Made trade easier between US, Canada, and Mexico
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Describe the domestic terror events that took place during Clinton’s presidency
● 1993○ Branch Davidians
■ Refused to leave their compound in Waco, TX■ Suspected of abusing children and storing large amount of illegal
weapons ○ World Trade Center
■ Al Qaeda attack● 6 killed, 1,000+ injured
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Domestic terror events under Clinton Continued
● 1995○ Timothy McVeigh
■ Used a fertilizer bomb to blow up a federal government building in Oklahoma City● 168 killed, 800 injured
● 1996○ Atlanta Olympics
■ Bomb went off in Centennial Olympic Park● 2 Killed
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Domestic terror events under Clinton Continued
● 1999○ Columbine
■ School Shooting● 12 students killed, 24 injured
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Why was Clinton impeached?
● Investigation for possible sexual assault● Accused of lying under oath and intimidating other into lying under
oath○ House of Representatives: Impeached○ Senate: Voted not to remove
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rboN6F2g-k&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=46
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Describe the election of 2000
● Democrat: Al Gore○ Current VP
● Republican: George W Bush○ Governor of Texas○ H.W’s son
● Must win 270 votes ○ Gore: 266○ Bush: 246○ Florida was too close to call
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Describe the election of 2000 Continued
● Initial results showed Bush won○ So close there had to be a recount
■ Democrats: hand count■ Republicans: machine
○ Supreme court decided that due to lack of time and over 6 million ballots it would be done by machine
● Bush won Florida (271 electoral votes)● Gore gained more votes (about 500,000) ● 4th time in history (Quincey Adams, Hayes, Harrison, Trump election made
5th)
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What is No Child Left Behind?
● The law held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved.○ Schools penalized for not showing improvement○ Provides money for extra educational assistance for poor
children in return for improvements in their academic progress.● States are required to test students in reading and math in grades
3–8 and once in high school.
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Describe the events of 9/11 and the War on Terror
● 4 terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States● The attacks killed 2,996 people, injured over 6,000 others, and caused at
least $10 billion in infrastructure and property damage○ The single deadliest terrorist attack in human history
● American Airlines Flight 11: North Tower● United Airlines Flight 175: South Tower● American Airlines Flight 77: Pentagon● United Airlines Flight 93: Crashed in Pennsylvania field expected to be
headed for White House https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks
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War on Terror
● Operation Enduring Freedom○ US attacked Al Qaeda in Afghanistan○ Supported by public
● Operation Iraqi Freedom○ Not as popular○ Saddam Hussein was helping terrorist○ Last about 8 years○ Saddam removed from power, new government put in place○ Obama pulled troops out in 2011
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What is the Department of Homeland Security?
● Its stated missions involve anti-terrorism, border security, immigration and customs, cyber security, and disaster prevention and management.
● It was created in response to the September 11 attacks and is the youngest U.S. cabinet department.
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Describe the Patriot Act
● Allowed almost unlimited surveillance of every phone, computer, credit card or television in the world○ It protects civil liberties and provides for the common defense.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlsnnhn3VWE&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=47
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Who won the election of 2008?
● 1st election since 1952 in which neither major party's presidential nominee was the incumbent president or the incumbent vice president.
● Republican: John McCain○ Arizona
● Democrat: Barack Obama○ Illinois (1 Term)○ Few that opposed the War in Iraq
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Describe the “Obamacare”
● Mandatory for○ All citizens to have health insurance○ Large businesses to provide insurance for their employees○ Mandatory for specific items to be included in coverage
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Describe two of policies/events under Obama
● Same-Sex Marriage made legal● Clean energy● Removal of troops from Iraq (increasing troops in Afghanistan)● Killing of Osama bin Laden● Protest against the perceived police brutality towards minorities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUfh2ebjLOg&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=48
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Who won the election of 2016?
● Democrat: Hillary Clinton○ Secretary of State
● Republican: Donald Trump○ Gaining support of industrial
workers in the Midwest