City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

www.watertime.orgwww.watertime.org

City in Time (CIT) City in Time (CIT) Ca. 1800 to 2004Ca. 1800 to 2004

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

Objectives and methods Objectives and methods

• CIT case studies by partnersCIT case studies by partners

• Key objective: to discover the key Key objective: to discover the key strategic decisions having affected strategic decisions having affected the evolution of wss servicesthe evolution of wss services

• Rationale: to understand the Rationale: to understand the evolution of wss services in case evolution of wss services in case countries and citiescountries and cities

• Contributions: substantial dataContributions: substantial data

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

Comparative analysis…Comparative analysis…• Factors creating Factors creating demanddemand for improved wss: for improved wss:

business, fire fighting, poor quality, lack of business, fire fighting, poor quality, lack of quantity, environment, political reasons, quantity, environment, political reasons, industries, regional focus, tourism…industries, regional focus, tourism…

• Key development phasesKey development phases• Introduction of wss systems and Introduction of wss systems and ”proper””proper” WWTWWT::

– 1872 Gdansk 1872 Gdansk – 1875 Leeds1875 Leeds– 1914 Timisoara1914 Timisoara– 1926 Munich …1926 Munich …– Rotterdam late 1980s/1990sRotterdam late 1980s/1990s– Edinburgh 2003Edinburgh 2003– Milan 2004Milan 2004– 2010 Warsaw2010 Warsaw– ???Brussels???Brussels– Social pressure neededSocial pressure needed

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

Comparative analysis…Comparative analysis…

• Rough classification of water services Rough classification of water services familiesfamilies

• Feedback and reviews.Feedback and reviews.

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

CIT: Key findingsCIT: Key findings• History and present have History and present have common featurescommon features in creating in creating

demand and institutional developmentdemand and institutional development• Water services are largely a Water services are largely a local issuelocal issue: the role of : the role of

local government explains the ways of managing local government explains the ways of managing servicesservices

• Some decisions have Some decisions have long-term impactslong-term impacts through path through path dependencedependence

• Decisions are often made in an Decisions are often made in an ahistorical contextahistorical context without utilising experiences gainedwithout utilising experiences gained

• Future consequencesFuture consequences of decisions are not seen enough of decisions are not seen enough• Wastewater treatmentWastewater treatment is very recent in some cases is very recent in some cases• Earlier Earlier optionsoptions were discussed perhaps more than now were discussed perhaps more than now• Only certain criteria have been emphasized instead of Only certain criteria have been emphasized instead of

considering water within considering water within wider PESTEwider PESTE dimensions dimensions

City in Time by Tapio S. KatkoCity in Time by Tapio S. KatkoWatertime Final WorkshopWatertime Final Workshop University of GreenwichUniversity of Greenwich25 November 200525 November 2005

DisseminatiDisseminationon

• 800 printed copies800 printed copies• Pdf on web: Pdf on web:

www.WaterTime.netwww.WaterTime.net, , also also tampub.uta.fi/index.phtampub.uta.fi/index.php?Aihealue_Idp?Aihealue_Id=20=20

• Some early feedbackSome early feedback

• ””Those who cannot Those who cannot remember the past are remember the past are condemned to repeat condemned to repeat it” (Santayana)it” (Santayana)

• IWHA 13-17 June, 2007IWHA 13-17 June, 2007