wave energy conversion potential off new york and new jersey · 6/2/2011 · wave energy...
TRANSCRIPT
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Wave Energy Conversion Potential off New York and New Jersey
Presenter: Michael Raftery, M.E.
Research Engineer
Stevens Institute of Technology
Office: +1 201 216 8704
Testing and Research Funded by
The Office of Naval Research
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Agenda
• Wave Energy Conversion Challenges
• Developing Solutions
• Wave Tuning Research Results
• Wave Energy Harnessing Device
• Power Take-Off System
• Northeast Wave Energy Region
• Performance Projections 1:10 Scale to Prototype
• Load Control-Energy Storage
• Southern New Jersey
• Business Case Executive Summary
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Wave Energy Conversion Challenges
• Mild wave slopes do not provide sufficient acceleration of power take-off components for existing systems to operate efficiently
• Buoyancy and stability related catastrophic failures have occurred during prototype deployments
• Power take-off and electricity generation are strongly coupled in existing systems
• Storm events result in extreme structural loads in all wave climates
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Developing Solutions
• Capable of tuning waves and concentrating wave power
• Capable of eliminating single-point, buoyancy and stability related failures
• Capable of decoupling power take-off from electricity generation with energy storage
• Capable of avoiding extreme anchor loads during storms
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Wave Tuning Research
• A variable-depth, fully-submerged tension leg platform (TLP) was tested in the wave tank facility at Stevens to quantify the wave tuning capabilities of the TLP. The test matrix was scaled at 1:10 based on average waves off NJ/NY/NE
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Wave Tuning Research
TLP Shoals
10cm Wave over
a 20cm Buoy
Buoy Motion
Increases with
Wave Steepness
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Mild Wave H =5.1cm (2in)
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5.1cm, 2.21s Wave – 15cm Platform Depth
Wave Heights:
•Before Platform:
•5.1cm (2.0 in)
•Over Platform:
•12.7 cm (5.0 in)
•Wave Height
Increase: 150%
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Mild Wave Results
H =0.051m (2.0in)
Cg = 1.97 m/s at 1.98m tank depth
E = 3.27 J/m^2
P = 6.43 W/m
Tuned Wave
H = 0.127m (5.0in)
Cg = 1.14 m/s at 0.15m platform depth
E = 20.25 J/m^2
P = 23.07 W/m
259% increase in power density
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Moderate Wave H = 10.4cm (4in)
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10.4cm Wave – 15cm Platform Depth
Wave Heights:
•Before Platform:
•10.4 cm (4.1in)
•Over Platform:
•17.8 cm (7.0 in)
•Increase in Wave Height:
71%
•Note: waves dropped
below the wave wire over
the platform resulting in an
apparent “flat” bottom
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Moderate Wave Results
H = 0.104m (4.1in)
Cg = 1.97 m/s at 1.98m tank depth
E = 13.58 J/m^2
P = 26.74 W/m
Shoaled Wave
H = 0.178m (7.0in)
Cg = 1.14 m/s at 0.15m platform depth
E = 39.78 J/m^2
P = 45.32 W/m
69% increase in power density
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1:10 Scale Model to Prototype
50m x 12m x 3m Barge 20m x 10m x 2.5m Floats
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Wave Energy Harnessing Device (WEHD)
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WEHD Sub-Systems
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Power Take-Off System
• Surface Float = 800 cubic meters of displacement potential at still water line
• Storage volume, 80 – 300L Accumulators
• = 24m3 = 12m3 working volume
• Storage pressure = 3000psi (200 bar)
• Adiabatic Storage capacity = 303kWh (1.09GJ)
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Northeast Wave Energy Region
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44017, 45m depth, 23NM offshore
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1m wave
• Buoy lift: 410,000kg seawater
• Lift rate: 1 m per 7 s
• Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2
• Input Lift Power: 574kW
• Added Mass (0.5x): 287kW
• 861kW * .35 efficiency = 301kW
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1m tuned wave
• Buoy lift: 738,000kg
• Lift rate: 1.8 m per 7 s
• Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2
• Input Lift Power: 1860kW
• Added Mass (0.6x): 1120kW
• 2980kW * .35 efficiency = 1043kW
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1.5m wave
• Buoy lift: 615,000kg
• Lift rate: 1.5 m per 7 s
• Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2
• Input Lift Power: 1292kW
• Added Mass (0.5x): 646kW
• 1938kW * .35 efficiency = 678kW
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1.5m tuned wave
• Buoy lift: 820,000kg
• Lift rate: 2.5 m per 7 s
• Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2
• Input Lift Power: 2870kW
• Added Mass (0.6x): 1722kW
• 4592kW * .35 efficiency = 1607kW
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7m wave
• Buoy lift: 820,000kg
• Lift rate: 7m per 10 s
• Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2
• Input lift Power: 5625kW
• Added Mass (0.75x): 4219kW
• 9844kW * .35 efficiency = 3445kW
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44008,66m depth, 54NM offshore
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12m wave
• Buoy lift: 820,000kg
• Lift rate: 12m per 12 s
• Acceleration: 9.8 m/s2
• Input lift Power: 8030kW
• Added Mass (0.75x): 6030kW
• 14060kW * .35 efficiency = 4920kW
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44025, 36m depth, 33NM offshore
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Load Control-Energy Storage
• 75kW for 4 hours
• 150kW for 2 hours
• 300kW for 1 hour (equilibrium-1m wave)
• 600kW for 30 minutes
• 1000kW for 18 min (equilibrium-1m tuned wave)
• 1.2MW for 15 min (equilibrium-1.5m tuned)
• 2.4MW for 7 min 30 s
• 4.8MW for 3 min 45 s
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Southern New Jersey
• Southern New Jersey has three proposed offshore wind farms planned to land power cables in Atlantic City. The proposed “Backbone” seafloor power cable, planned to run from Manhattan, NY to Norfolk, VA with a branch into Atlantic City is currently designed to carry 5000MW of electric power, more than 5 times the output of all the planned wind farms. Wave energy can supplement Backbone capacity.
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44012, 18m depth, 15NM offshore
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44001, 63m depth, 57NM offshore
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Business Case
Deploy 5GW (5000 MW) name plate capacity wave farm (1000 grid connected units) for under $5 billion. 5GW = 2.3x Output Capacity of Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant
Demand a premium for “on demand, carbon free, grid quality electric power” at a rate of 0.8x utility’s residential rate.
Produce a minimum annual average of 1GW (1000 MW) of grid quality electric power in the design wave climate ($1.05B/yr @ $0.12/kWh)
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Contact Information
Michael Raftery, M.E.Research EngineerStevens Institute of TechnologyDavidson Laboratory711 Hudson St.Hoboken, NJ 07030Email: [email protected]: 201 216 8704Fax: 201 216 8214