Slide 1

WAYS ORGANISMS INTERACT 4-2 http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif http://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg Slide 2 Ways organisms interact ______________________ Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Compete with each other for available resources __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs __________________________ Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms live in close association with another kind of organism Slide 3 WHAT IS A RESOURCE? ____________________________________________ Examples: ________________________ Slide 4 COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources. http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr3/community3.jpg http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg Slide 5 COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources: http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpg http://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm Slide 6 COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/thumb/3/34/200px-Peacock_courting_peahen.jpg Slide 7 COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources: http://www.rilanationalpark.org/gr.phtml?dir=../../pictures/in_text&img=/65_1180.jpg http://www.elise.com/weblog/photos/prairie-dogs.jpg Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acre Mountain lion- 1 male per 50-300 sq. mi Slide 8 COMPETITION Organisms in an ecosystem have to compete with each other for available resources: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html http://www.csjbacau.ro/gallery/images/Beech%20Tree%20Forest%20in%20Slanic%20Moldova.jpg Slide 9 Ways organisms interact ___________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif Slide 10 PREDATION Organisms in an ecosystem that capture and eat other organisms to supply their energy needs http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/images/wspred_6.jpg Slide 11 INTERDEPENDENCE All living and non-living things in an ecosystem are interconnected and changing even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem. When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world. ~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder Slide 12 COMPETITION If resources are scarce, some organisms will starve and populations will decrease. If resources become more plentiful, populations will increase. Competition in nature often results in a winner and a loser... with the loser failing to survive! Slide 13 If a nutrient is in _____________ OR __________________ it will LIMIT the growth of the population = _____________ http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg During this drought, there was not enough food available and many kangaroos starved. Slide 14 REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED ! A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve. Fewer predators mean prey population will increase. Increase in prey means more food for predators. Predator population will increase until there is not enough food... and the cycle repeats itself. BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Slide 15 LIMITING NUTRIENT When an ecosystem receives a LARGE input of limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) the population increases dramatically = ___________ http://www.greenfacts.org/images/glossary/algae-bloom.jpg The short supply of a limiting nutrient keeps the population in check. Slide 16 Ways organisms interact __________________ Between SAME kind of organisms Live together and help each other http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg Slide 17 COOPERATION Same species live together in groups EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/african-elephants.html http://www.sphoto.com/medium/meercats37.jpg http://people.uleth.ca/~d.rendall/groom4.jpg Share food & childcare responsibilities Groom each other Take care of sick Slide 18 COOPERATION Same species live together in groups EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc Hunt in packs Provide protection http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg http://rosswarner.com/zebras1.jpg Slide 19 Ways organisms interact __________________________ Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms Live in close association with another kind of organism http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg Slide 20 3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS ______________________ Both organisms benefit ______________________ One organism benefits; Other is neither harmed nor helped _____________________ One organism benefits; Other is harmed in some way Slide 21 MUTUALISM Good for me - Good for you Birds eat parasites living on the hides of giraffes and rhinos while enjoying protection from predators. Groomed animals lose their pests. http://www.imbt.org/science.htm http://www.hugheshome.net/jon/africa02/images/rhino_bird_JPG.jpg Slide 22 MUTUALISM Good for me - Good for you Insects transfer pollen between plants as they gather nectar for food. http://www.yksd.com/DistanceEdCourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/SecondQuarterLessons/Chapter5/5-5/images/3-way-mutualism.jpg http://www.providence.edu/bio/faculty/adams/LECTUREProvCollegeMutualism.html Slide 23 MUTUALISM Good for me - Good for you Clown fish gets protection from enemies by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg Sea anemone gets scraps of leftover food dropped by fish Slide 24 COMMENSALISM Good for me - Doesnt bother you http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16shark.gif Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark; Shark is neither harmed nor helped Slide 25 COMMENSALISM Good for me - Doesnt bother you http://www.abyssal.com/meeks/images/hermit_crab.jpg Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails; Snail is not harmed by crab Slide 26 PARASITISM Good for me - Hurts you Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16parasitism.whale.gif Slide 27 PARASITISM Good for me - Hurts you Tick feeds on dogs blood; Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/guineafowltickphotos.htm Slide 28 PARASITISM Good for me - Hurts you Tapeworms absorb food by living inside host intestine; host is harmed http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Platyhelminthes/tapeworms.jpg Slide 29 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 3-3 http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle Slide 30 See a video clip about CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3 Slide 31 Energy is not the only thing that moves through the ecosystem. Atoms are never destroyed... only transformed. http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm Take a deep breath. The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago. http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html ENERGY & MATTER Slide 32 4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN The same molecules are passed around again and again within the biosphere in ___________________________ Slide 33 WATER CYCLE = ___________________ http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html Slide 34 WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Makes up 60-70% of your body Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the ________________________: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Hydrogen in H 2 O supplies protons (H + ) & electrons for_______________ http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm Slide 35 WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT? Water is a good _________________ Many molecules dissolve in water so it provides a place for chemical reactions to happen Water doesnt change temperature easily so it helps with __________________ http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm Slide 36 WATER CYCLE __________ _____________ http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif Slide 37 The return of water to the surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc. = ____________________ The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________ http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm Slide 38 PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html WATER CYCLE Slide 39 CARBON CYCLE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Slide 40 4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE CO 2 in atmosphere CO 2 in Ocean BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 1.In ____________ as CO 2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO 2 gas 3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil 4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks Slide 41 WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm Slide 42 WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT? Carbon in CO 2 provides the atoms for __________ production during __________________... the fuel that all living things depend on. http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPGhttp://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg Slide 43 Section 3-3 NITROGEN CYCLE BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Slide 44 WHY IS NITROGEN IMPORTANT? Image by Riedell ________________ make DNA and RNA Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in ______ Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins) Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm Slide 45 79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas (N 2 ) Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe! The bond in N 2 gas is so strong it can only be broken by _______________ ____________________ Slide 46 http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif Bacteria that live ______________ and in _________ relationships with plants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ Slide 47 Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell Other bacteria in the soil convert ammonia into ________________ & _________________ which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from the ___________ ___________ we breathe! Slide 48 N 2 in Atmosphere NH 3 NO 3 - and NO 2 - Section 3-3 NITROGEN CYCLE BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Slide 49 Bacteria that live ______________ also carry out the reverse process ___________ _____________. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED _________________ Slide 50 PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water Phosphate moves through food web Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition Sediments form new land to complete cycle Slide 51 Phosphorus cycle is only biogeochemical cycle that does NOT cycle through the ______________ BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006 Slide 52 WHY IS PHOSPHORUS IMPORTANT? Image by Riedell Makes __________________ __________________ as ATP Makes _____________for cell membranes Image by Riedell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm