Ways to Identify an Unknown ?

Field Guides

Dichotomous Keys Composed of statements with 2 opposite parts or

categories. Choose the statement that is true about an

unknown organism.

Dichotomous Key

Look out for the special check mark to know which notes to write!

On a checked slide, write all notes, unless …

On a checked slide with lots of notes, just write underlined text!

ClassificationSystem that groups organisms based on common features that they share

AristotleFirst man to develop a system to classify

organisms

2 kingdoms

He subdivided each kingdomPlant- based

division on sizeHerbsShrubsTrees

Animals- based division on habitatAirLand Sea

Animals: Air Land Sea

??

Carolus Linnaeus Improved classification system

Based his grouping on physical features

Linnaeus =Universal name= Binomial Nomenclature

All organisms are given a universal name Used by all scientists Helpful when many common names are used

Name is composed of 2 names Genus name

Capitalized and comes first!

Species name lower case and comes second Both names are underlined Example: Tolypeutes matacus – Three Banded

Armadillo

Common names are misleading

Puma

Cougar

Mountain Lion

A seahorse is not a horse, but a fish.

Scientific name

Myotis macrotarsus“Mouse-eared bat with big feet”

CatGenus name= FelisSpecies name=

domesticus=house catsylvestris=wildcat

HumanGenus name=HomoSpecies=sapien

 Kingdom: Animalia (mobile critters; have many cells; can’t make their own food)

Phylum: Chordata (flexible skeletal rod with accompanying nerves)

Class: Chondrichthyes (‘fish’ with a cartilaginous skeleton)

Order: Lamniformes (‘Mackerel’ sharks)

Family: Lamnidae (‘Mackerel’ sharks)

Genus: Carcharodon (from the Greek carcharos meaning “ragged” or “pointed” and odon meaning “tooth”)

Species: carcharias (Greek for “shark”)

Modern classification system

Uses Linnaeus system but adds:comparison of body chemistry and

development featuresDNA sequenceCytochrome CHemoglobinDevelopmental stages of embryos

Reclassified

Modern Classification SystemDomain= Eubacteria

Kingdom=Eubacteria Prokaryotic Bacteria

Domain=ArchaeaKingdom=Archaebacteria

Extreamophiles

Domain EukaryaContains 4 kingdoms

Kingdom=Protista Kingdom=Fungi Kingdom=Plant Kingdom=Animal

Classification Groups =Taxa

A Mnemonic Device:

Dear

King

Philip

Came

Over

For

Ginger

Snaps

Each division contains fewer organisms, but

shares more features in

common.

Classification TaxaDomain is the largest Taxa

Domain contains one or more kingdomsDomain

contain the most organisms

Each kingdom is then subdivided into:Phylum, Class, Order, Family,

Genus, SpeciesSpecies

contain the fewest organisms but with the most physical features in common

Classification

Which two animals are most closely related?