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3G Optimization Interview Topics

1. Important parts of Benchmarking Report

1. RSCP Coverage

2. Ec/Io Coverage

3. CSSR

4. DCR

5. Retainability

6. Handover (Mobility)

7. Call Setup Time

8. ASU Type

9. 3G-2G Serving percentage

10. IRAT Handover

11. BLER and Quality statistics

2. UMTS Channels
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1. CPICH

2. SCH

3. AICH

4. BCH BCCH

5. FACH CCCH

6. RACH CCCH

7. DCH DCCH

3. HSDPA Channels

1. HS-DPCCH (uplink signaling)

2. HS-SCCH (downlink signaling)

3. HS-PDSCH or HS-DSCH (data channel)

4. HSUPA Channels

1. E-DPDCH

2. E-DPCCH

3. E-DCH

4. E-AGCH


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5. E-RGCH

6. E-HICH

5. Dropped Call Types

1. Missing Neighbor

2. Poor Coverage

3. Pilot Pollution

4. Congestion

5. Not Radio Reasons

6. Equipment Fault

6. Blocked Call Types

1. Security and Authentication Mode Failure

2. UE Issues

3. Disconnect on RAB Setup

4. Unavailable Resource

5. UE Sensitivity Fault

6. Unanswered RRC requests


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7. Barred Network

7. Major Network Problems

1. Poor Coverage

2. Poor Cell Dominance

3. Pilot Pollution

4. Missing Neighbors

5. Corner Effects

8.Important Events in PS Call

1. Attach and Detach

2. PDP Context Activation

3. Download and Upload

4. Dual Mode

9. HSDPA Categories

1. 3.6 Mbps Cat 5 & 6 (5 HS-DSCH Codes)

2. 7.2 Mbps Cat 8 (10 HS-DSCH Codes)


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3. 14.4 Mbps Cat 10 (15 HS-DSCH Codes)

4. 21.1 Mbps Cat 14 (15 HS-DSCH Codes, MIMO and 64 QAM)

10. Number of CE for PS 384 = 10

11. Number of Users for PS 384 = 3

12. HSDPA Factors

1. Number of HSDPA Codes

2. Number of HS-SCCH Codes

3. Max HS-PDSCH Codes per Users

4. Algorithm and Scheduling

5. Number of HARQ Process

13. HSDPA Parameters

1. HS-SCCH Power Offset

2. Measurement Power Offset

3. CQI Feedback Cycle, Power Offset

4. ACK-NACK Power Offset

5. Number of HARQ Process


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6. MAC-hs window size

7. Tx- Rx Window size

14. HSUPA Parameters

1. E-DPCCH to DPCCH Power Offset

2. Happy Bit delay

3. E-TFCI Power offset

4. E-AGCH Channelization Code

5. E-AGCH Power Offset

15. Reasons of Low Throughput in HSDPA:

1. Poor RF Conditions (Low CQI)

2. Frequent Serving Cell Change (Low CQI)

3. Signaling Delay

4. E1d setting issues

5. TCP segment loss outside air interface

6. TCP Tx/Rx window setting

7. Iub Flow Control


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8. FTP server issues

16. HSDPA Scheduler Type

1. Max C/I

2. Round Robin

3. Proportional Fair (mostly used)

17. Timers and Counters

1. T300, N300 (2sec) RRC Connection Retransmission

2.T312, N312 (1 sec) In Sync establishment

3. T313, N313 (5 sec) Out of Sync Failure

4. T314 (12 sec) Cell Update (CS)

5. T315 (180 sec) Cell Update (PS)

6. T302, N302 (1.2 sec) Cell Update Confirm

18. Resources for Each Call Type

1. AMR SF 128 CE 1 (UL) 1(DL)

2. VP SF 32 CE 3 (UL) 2 (DL)


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3. PS 128 SF 16 CE 5 (UL) 4 (DL)

4. PS 384 SF 8 CE 10 (UL) 8 (DL)

19. Event Thresholds

1. E1a 3dB

2. E1b 6dB

3. E2d -12dB and -101 dBm

4. E2f -10dB and -99dBm

20. NASTAR

1. Network performance and monitoring tool

2. SQL Based

3. Collect data from M2000

4. Data storage up to 3 months

5. Supports 5 RNC and 6000 Cells

21. NASTAR Inputs:

1. RNC performance data M2000 / BAM

2. Project Parameters Manual


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3. Configuration Parameters M2000

4. CHR Data M2000 / BAM

5. Interference data M2000 / BAM

6. Coverage Data LMT client

7. NodeB performance data M2000

22. NASTAR Analysis:

1. Performance Analysis

2. Neighbor Cell Analysis

3. Call Drop Analysis

4. Pilot Pollution Analysis

5. Interference Analysis

6. Resource Monitoring

i. CPU Utilization

ii. Iub Utilization

iii. Traffic Load

iv. Cell Load


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23. Monitoring Levels

1. Level 1 Statistics, Alarm Logs (M2000)

2. Level 2 Sample tracing, CHR (M2000 and NASTAR)

3. Level 3 DT Data, Single UE Tracing

24. NASTAR Performance Data:

1. RAN Counters (KPI)

2. Call History Records (CHR) CDR Analysis

3. System History Records (SHR) Cell Status

4. Real-Time User Monitor (RUM) IMSI Tracing

5. Real-Time System Monitor (RSM) Load, Inference, etc

25. NASTAR Counters:

1. For calculating Call Drop Rate

2. For calculating Handover Success Rate

26. LMT Trace Message Levels:

1. To or From NodeB NBAP


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2. To or From CN RANAP

3. To or From UE RRC

27. Throughput Types in Actix

1. Payload L1 with CRC blocks

2. Throughput L1 without CRC blocks

3. PDU throughput MAC/RLC Interface

4. SDU throughput RLC/RRC Interface or RLC/PDCP Interface

L1 Throughput > PDU Throughput > SDU Throughput

28. Signal Flow (R99 MO)

1. RRC Connection Request (UL-CCH)

i. TMSI and LAI info

ii. LAC

iii. PSC info including Ec/Io and RSCP level


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iv. Establishment cause (CS, PS, VP)

2. RRC Connection Setup (DL-CCH)

i. S-RNTI

ii. RLC Mode (AM, UM, TM)

iii. Transport Channel Type

iv. Timers and Parameters

3. RRC Connection Setup Complete (UL-DCCH)

i. Domain Identity (CS or PS)

ii. Security Parameter supported

4. Initial Direct Transfer (UL-DCCH)

i. Notification and Capabilities of UE


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ii. Mobile TMSI

5. Downlink Direct Transfer (DL-DCCH)

i. RAND Value, Authentication

6. Uplink Direct Transfer (UL-DCCH)

i. Authentication Response

7. Security Mode Command (DL-DCCH)

i. Ciphering and Integrity

8. Security Mode Complete (UL-DCCH)

i. Response from UE


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i. Authentication Code


i. CC Call Proceeding

11. Radio Bearer Setup (DL-DCCH)

i. Transport Channel Info

12. Radio Bearer Setup Complete (UL-DCCH)

i. Response from UE


i. Alerting


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i. CC Connect


i. Connect Acknowledgement

29. Load Control

1. Load Monitoring (LDM)

2. Load Reshuffling (LDR)

3. Overload Congestion Control (OCL)

30. Load Reshuffling Actions:

1. First Action Code Tree Reshuffling

2. Second Action Inter Frequency HO

3 Thi d A ti BE S i R t d ti


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3. Third Action BE Service Rate reduction

4. Fourth Action Renegotiation of QoS real time services

31. Scanner vs UE Data

Scanner is used to scan all carriers and DL Scrambling codes, while UE measures only codes of informed cells (through

BCH and measurement control Neighbor List)

32. INTER RAT Types:

1. IRAT Handover (CS)

2. IRAT Cell Change Order (PS)

33. Call Flow for IRAT Handover:

1. RRC Measurement Report UL

2. Physical Channel Reconfiguration DL

3. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete UL

4. Handover from UTRAN Command GSM DL

5. Handover Complete

34. Call Flow IRAT Cell Change Order

1. RRC Measurement Report UL

2 Physical Channel Reconfiguration DL


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2. Physical Channel Reconfiguration DL

3. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Complete UL

4. Cell Change Order from UTRAN DL

5. Immediate Assignment DL

6. Authentication Response UL

7. TMSI Relocation Complete UL

35. Compressed Mode Methods

1. SF/2 (CS, PS) Code Compression

2. HLS (PS only) Higher Layer Scheduling

36. IRAT HO due to Overload event 3A

37. Physical Channel Reconfiguration Message details

1. gsm-Carrier RSSI Measurement

2. gsm-Initial BSIC Identification

3. gsm-BSIC Reconfirmation

38. Huawei Tools :

1. Genex U-Net (Planning and Simulation)


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2. Genex WCDMA Probe (Drive Testing and Logging)

3. Genex Assistant (Post Processing)

39. Huawei NodeB Type

1. BTS3812 (GSM BTS upgradable to WCDMA)

2. BTS3900 A (Macro Indoor)

3. BTS3900 E (Macro Outdoor)

4. BTS3900 C (Indoor Compact Micro)

5. DBS3900 (Distributed NodeB with BBU and RRU)

1. The output of coverage planning is needed for which one of the following processes?


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1. The output of coverage planning is needed for which one of the following processes?

A. Code planning.

B. Transmission planning.

C. Propagation model tuning.

D. Loading field measurements.

Answer: A

2. If the cell range of 12.2 kbps voice service with 141.9 dB path loss is 2.3 km, what is the size of the cell area with omni-directional site(k factor for site area is 2.6)?

A. 12.2 km?

B. 13.8 km?

C. 15.9 km?

D. 16.6 km?NP

Answer: B

3. Which one of the following services has the HIGHEST processing gain?

A. 12.2 kbps AMR voice.

B. 64 kbps RT data.

C. 64 kbps NRT data.

D. 384 kbps NRT data.

Answer: A

4 Which one of the following parameters can be measured with a UE connected measurement system but NOT with a scanner


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4. Which one of the following parameters can be measured with a UE connected measurement system but NOT with a scannermeasurement system?

A. P-CPICH Ec/No.

B. BLER.

C. SIR.

D. Scrambling code.

Answer: B

5. The possible pilot pollution area can be detected from which one of the following?

A. Ec/No lower than target and low number of scrambling codes seen.

B. Ec/No lower than target and high number of scrambling codes seen.

C. Ec/No higher than target and low number of scrambling codes seen.

D. Ec/No higher than target and high number of scrambling codes seen.

Answer: B

6. How can capacity (interference) be improved?

A. Usage of transmiss ion diversity.

B. Increasing transmission power of UEs.

C. Decreasing speed of UEs.

D. Increasing SHO.

Answer: A


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A. 1 WBTS cell.


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B. 2 WBTS cells.

C. 3 WBTS cells.

D. 4 WBTS cells.

Answer: C

11. Considering 1 site (3 cells) with 1 only one carrier per cell, how many traffic hardware channels are needed if in the site the activeusers are: 1.8 voice, 0.7 CS64, 0.7 PS64 and 1 PS384 and knowing that for each connection the following hardware channels apply: 1 forvoice, 4 for CS64, 4 for PS64 and 16 for PS384 are needed?

A. 4

B. 13

C. 24

D. 37

Answer: C

12. Considering 1 site (3 cells) with 1 only one carrier per cell, what is the downlink throughput (in Kb/s) PER CELL if in the site the activeusers are: 1.8 voice, 0.7 CS64, 0.7 PS64 and 1 PS384?

A. 64.94.

B. 165.19.

C. 194.82.

D. 514.76.

Answer: B

13. For what reason should the power control strategy be changed?


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A. UE location.

B. UE type.

C. UE service.

D. UE speed.

Answer: D

14. Which one of the following network planning tasks is NOT normally performed with a radio network planning tool?

A. Coverage planning.

B. Traffic calculation.

C. Hardware channel calculation.

D. Monte Carlo Simulation.

Answer: C

15. The Node B antenna gain is 17 dB and receiver sensitivity 112 dBm, radiated power (EIRP) of user equipment (Ue) is 18 dBm andfeeder cable loss is 3 dB. What is the MAXIMUM path loss?

A. 114 dB

B. 116 dB

C. 144 dB

D. 147 dB

Answer: C


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16. If the cell radius is 2 km and the required service area is 100 km2,how many 3-sector sites (in coverage-limited case) are needed toprovide the service for the area (k factor for site area is 1.95)?

A. 5

B. 8

C. 13

D. 19

Answer: C

17. What is the interference margin for 50% and 90% network loads?

A. 3.0 dB and 10.0 dB.

B. 5.0 dB and 1.5 dB.

C. 3.0 dB and 7.0 dB.

D. 4.0 dB and 10.0 dB.

Answer: A

18. When applying the free space propagation loss formula both for GSM 1800 and WCDMA, what APPROXIMATELY is the propagationloss difference between the systems, if the distance from the BTS is 1500 meters? (Use frequency

2100 MHz for WCDMA.)

A. 5.5 dB.

B. 1.3 dB.

C. 7.4 dB.

D 13 4 dB


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D. 13.4 dB.

Answer: B

19. Which one of the following does NOT make the UL adjacent channel interference worse?

A. UE transmitting with maximum power.

B. UE uses hard handover.

C. Other operator BTS in a bad location.

D. Own BTS transmitting with high power.

Answer: D

20. The required Eb/No value is dependent on which one of the following factors?

A. Base station antenna gain.

B. Speed of the user equipment (Ue).

C. Fast fading margin.

D. Body loss.

Answer: B


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1- What are the main KPI to measure the performance of 3G cell

- Accessibility ( RRC , RAB , CSSR)

- Retainability (speech , Video , PS DCR)

- Mobility (SHO , IRAT HO success rate)

2- What resources affect HSDPA throughput in 3G system

- (DL power, DL code and transport capacity)

3- What parameter tuning can be done to improve HSDPA throughput in any 3G cell

- increase the DL channelization codes for HSDPA

- changing the scheduling algorisms

4- How can we reach 21 Mbps in P7

- 15 codes in DL and 64 QAM

5- what is the usage of the following signaling messages in RRC protocol

- Actives setup updates (ADD/Remove/Replace RL in SHO)

- RB reconfiguration (channel switching between Cell_DCH and Cell_FACH RRC stats)

- Physical channel reconfiguration (IF HO)

6- what is the use of GPEH tool in Ericsson system

- tool used to record RAN and internal events in Ericsson system and the tracing files can be analyzed by TEMS visualization

7- what types of congestion can affect the services accessibility in any 3G cell


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- DL power ( AMR - Directed retry - reducing High R.99 RAB users SFxx parameters)

- UL/DL CE ( reducing High R.99 RAB users SFxx parameters)

- DL code (reducing static codes for HSDPA AMR-Directed retry)

- Transport capacity

8- what is the difference between RSCP and EC/No measures for pilot channel

- RSCP is received signal code power for CPICH channel

- Ec/No is The received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band . it reflects the quality of CPICH channel

9- what is the difference of using 2nd carrier and high power amplifier in expanding the capacity for any 3G cell

- 2nd carrier gives capacity in DL power and DL codes

- High power Amplifier gives capacity in DL power only

10- what is the max bit rate that can be achieved in UL when using 10ms EUL and 2 ms EUL

- 1.5 Mbps for 10 ms EUL

- 5.76 for 2 ms EUL

11- how many HSSCCH channel can be configured in HSDPA cell (

- Four that allows four users per TTI


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