We can report people’s words:

• Direct speech

• Indirect Speech

SO…What is Direct Speech?What is Direct Speech?To report the exact words someone used by using quotations.What is Indirect Speech?What is Indirect Speech?Is the exact meaning of what someone said, but no exact words. We don’t use quotations.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

He said, “I am Ted” He said (that) he was Ted.

He said to me, “ I am Ted” He said to me (that) he was Ted

He told me,” I am Ted” He told me (that) he was Ted

We can use tell or say in both direct or indirect speech

SAY TELL

It is used in Indirect and direct speech

It is used in Indirect and direct speech

Is always followed by a Personal object

is used with or without a personal object

Expression: Greetings, something, nothing, one’s prayers, so, a few words

Expressions:The truth, a lie, secrets, a story, the time, The difference, sb’s name, sb the way, one from another, one’s fortune.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Present simple“I want to go to bed”, he said

Simple Past He said, (that) he wanted to go to bed

Present Continuous“She is feeding the baby”, she said

Past ContinuousShe said ( that) she was feeding the baby

Present Perfect“ I’ve bought a new dress “, she said

Past perfect She said (that) she had bought a new dress

Past simple“ I finished work early”, he said

Past simple or past perfectAlex said (that) he (had) finished work early

Past Continuous“I was planning to call you later”, she said

Past continuous or past perfect continuousShe said (that) she was planning/had been planning to call her later.

Future (will)“ I’ll talk to you tomorrow”, she said

Conditional (would)She said (that) she would talk to me the next day

Pronouns, adjectives, possessive change according to the Pronouns, adjectives, possessive change according to the meaningmeaning

Example:

The past perfect remains the same The past perfect remains the same Certain words and time expressions change according to Certain words and time expressions change according to

the meaning the meaning

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Sam said, ‘ I am leaving for Germany’

Sam said, he was leaving for Germany

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

Now Then

Today, tonight

That day, that night

yesterday The day before/previous

tomorrow The next / following day

This week That week

This/these That/those

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

Last week The week before /previous

Next week The week after/the following week

Two days ago

Two days before

Here There

come go

Adjectives:Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

“This cake is delicious” Pam told me“That cake is delicious” Pam told meThose cakes are delicious” Pam told meThese cakes are delicious” Pam told me

Pam told me (that) that cake was deliciousPam told me (that) those cakes were delicious

Pronouns:Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

“This is a brilliant idea”, Debbie saidHe said, “ those are the men who helped me.

Debbie said (that)it was a brilliant ideaHe said they were the men who had helped him

Certain modal verbs change in Certain modal verbs change in reported speech as follows:reported speech as follows:MODALSDIRECT SPEECH

MODALSINDIRECT SPEECH

Will/shallShe said,” I ‘ll have some tea”

WouldShe said (that) she would have some tea

May He said” they may come home”

MightHe said (that) they might go or come home

Can She said “ She can type fast

CouldShe said ( that) she could type fast

Shall ( for advice)He said “ what shall I tell her?”

ShouldHe asked what he should tell her

MustHe said you must stay in

Must /had toHe said (that) I must/had to stay in

He said “ she must be exhausted

She said ( that) she must be exhausted

Reported questions introductory verbs are ask, inquire, wonder, or the expression

“wantto know”. Keep the direct wh-wordwh-word in the reportedquestion. Change the auxiliaries or modal in a yes/noyes/no

question for: if or whether Questions reported verbs are affirmativePolite words such as please, well, oh are

omitted

CAN YOU HOLD THE DOOR FOR ME PLEASE?’ the man asked.

The man asked if /whether I could hold the door for him.

WHERE ARE YOU GOING?”, asked Sam.Sam asked her where she was going.Sam asked her where was she going

INCORRECTINCORRECT

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Help me, please,’Jean said to TomPlease, please, don’t call the police’, he said to Colin

Jean asked Tom to help herHe begged Colin not to call the police

Structure of CommandsStructure of Commands:Tell+Sb+(not)+To infinitive

Structure of suggestionsStructure of suggestionsVerb suggest+ ing form/that sb (should) + bare infinite

Structure of Requests:Structure of Requests:Ask or beg+ sb+(not)+to infinitive

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

“Put the gun down”, he said to him“Don’t look down”, he said to us

He ordered him to put the gun downHe told us not to look down .

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Let’s go outside, ‘ I said to themWe can/could go outside’, I said to them

I suggested going /that we should go outside.

INTRODUCTORY VERB

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

+ to inf+ to infAgree OfferPromiseRefuse*threaten

Yes, I’ll give you a lift‘Shall I carry the boxes?I promise I’ll help you’No, I won’t buy a car.Stop talking or I’ll send you out

She agreed to give me a liftHe offered to carry the boxesHe promised to help meShe refused to buy me a carHe threatened to send me outI f I didn’t stop talking

+sb+to inf+sb+to infAdviseAskbegCommandInviteOrderRemindwarn

You should see a doctor Could you do something for me?Please, please call the policeDrop you weaponsWill you come to my partyGet out of the houseDon’t forget to write to PaulDon’t go near the oven

He advised me to see a doctor.She asked me to do something for her She begged me to call the policeHe commanded them to drop their weaponsShe invited me to go to her partyShe ordered me to get out of the houseShe reminded me to write to PaulShe warned me not to go near the oven

INTRODUCTORY VERB

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Admit (to) + Admit (to) + infinfAccused sb Accused sb ofof Apologize Apologize forforBoast Boast about /ofabout /ofComplain to Complain to sb of Denysb of DenyInsist onInsist onSuggestSuggest

Yes, I stole the plants You lied to meI’ m sorry I shouted at youI’m the cleverest of allI have a headacheI didn’t take the bagYou must do you workLet’s visit Jane

He admitted to stealing/ having stolen the plants She accused me of lying/having lied to herHe apologized for shouting /having shouted at meHe boasted about being the cleverest of allHe complained to me about having a headacheHe denied taking/ having taken the bagShe insisted on me /my doing my workShe suggested visiting Jane

Complain Complain +that+thatDenyDenyExplainExplainExclaim/Exclaim/remarkremark

Promise Promise suggestsuggest

You’re always lateI didn’t take the moneyIt’s a difficult situationWhat a beautiful baby he is

I promise I’ll call youYou’d better go home

She complained that I was always lateShe denied that she had taken the moneyHe explained that it was a difficult situationShe exclaimed/remarked that he was a beautiful babyShe promised that she would call meHe suggested that I ( should )go home

1. He asked me to play my music ............2. He told me to come after midnight ............3. She said to drink at least six glasses ............4. He said not to be late for practice again ............5. She asked me to pick up the kids after school ............6. He told me to bring a dictionary tomorrow ............7. He asked me not to tell anyone about his new girlfriend ............

Think about another request each person might make?Example: A: A doctor might also ordered a patient to get more exercise

B : A doctor might advice avoiding eating greasy foods

a. My doctorb. My coachc. My friendd. My neighbore. My motherf. My wifeg. My teacher

1. Donna: “I have to baby sit my nephew that night”2. William and Brigitte: “we’re going out of town for the weekend”3. Mary:” I’ve been invited to a wedding on Saturday “4. James: “ I promised to help Dennis move”5. Anita: “ I can’t come because I have the flu”6. Mark : “ I’ll be studying for a test all weekend7. Eva and Randall: We have to pick someone up at the airport

that evening8. David: “ I may have to work late on Saturday night”